专题03-阅读理解议论文(原卷版)-五年(2017-2021)高考英语真题分项汇编(浙江专用).docx

五年（2017-2021）高考英语真题分项汇编（浙江专用）
阅读理解·议论文
1.（2021年1月，浙江高考）
At the start of the 20th century， an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth， mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction： that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today， in Australia， most children on average fall 2，000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s，40 percent of children walked to school，while in 2010， it was as low as 15 percent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time，many with both parents working to pay for their house， often working hours not of their choosing， living in car﹣dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation： for health and well﹣being， as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day， only to meet with a "good"， quickly followed by "I'm hungry". This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school﹣bus routes（路线），with days of regular，parent﹣accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning﹣running shoes by the front door， lunches made the night before， umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones﹣but it's certainly worth trying.
24．Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph？　 　
A. To make comparisons.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To support her argument.
D. To provide examples.
25．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity？　 　
A. Plain laziness.
B. Health problems.
C. Lack of time.
D. Security concerns.
26．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile？　 　
A. She can get relaxed after work.
B. She can keep physically fit.
C. She can help with her son's study.
D. She can know her son better.
2.（2018年6月，浙江高考）
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A.To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D.To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
2.What has the use of cars in America led to?
A.Decline of economy. B.Environmental problems.
C.A shortage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society.
3.What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful.
C.Hopeful. D.Tolera
3.（2017年11月，浙江高考）
There are energy savings to be made from all recyclable materials, sometimes huge savings. Recycling plastics and aluminum, for instance, uses only 5% to 10% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting（提炼）aluminum.
Long before most of us even noticed what we now call "the environment," Buckminster Fuller said, "Pollution is nothing but the resources（资源）we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because we've been ignorant of their value." To take one example, let's compare the throwaway economy（经济）with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life.
Say your cat weigh 5kg and eats one can of food each day. Each empty can of its food weights 40g. In a throwaway economy, you would throw away 5,475 cans over the cat's 15-year lifetime. That's 219kg of steel-more than a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cat's weight.
In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans. Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing, we'd have to make an extra 10 cans each year. But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cat's lifetime-and we'll still have 100 left over for the next cat.
Instead of using up 219kg of steel, we've used only 6kg. And because the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel, we've also achieved the following significant savings: in energy use-47% to 74%; in air pollution-85%; in water pollution-35%; in water use-40%.
4.What does Buckminster Fuller say about pollution?
A.It is becoming more serious.
B.It destroys the environment.
C.It benefits the economy.
D.It is the resources yet to be used.
5.How many cans will be used up in a cat's 15-year lifetime in a recycling economy?
A.50 B.100
C.150 D.250
6.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A.To promote the idea of recycling.
B.To introduce an environmentalist.
C.To discuss the causes of pollution.
D.To defend the throwaway economy.
4.（2017年6月，浙江高考）
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can zxxk get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
7.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?
A.American kids’ sleeping habits. B.Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.
8.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?
A.7 hours. B.8 hours.
C.10 hours. D.18 hours.
9.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?
A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B.They tend to do things that excite them.
C.They follow their parents’ examples.
D.They don’t need to go to school early.
5.（2016年10月，浙江高考）
Digital technology - email and smart phones especially - have vastly improved workers' ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most white-collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, according to findings of a new survey (调查) of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix, most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn't accept it» and only 35 percent say it’s tolerated.
Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced (加深)by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say they’ve watched TV or a movie while “working” remotely, while 35 percent have done housework，and 28 percent have cooked dinner.
It is true, however，that working at home makes people much more efficient (高效的)， because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It’s much faster, for example, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after-work rush.
The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven't come as a society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time homemaker.
More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low-cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who havens worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently.
28. Why do some employers hesitate to allow remote working?
A. They fear losing control of their workers.
B. They want to stick to their routine practice.
C. They have little trust in modem technology.
D. They are used to face-to-face communication.
29. What seems to be most workers’ attitude toward remote working?
A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Reserved. D. Disapproving.
30. What does the author suggest smart firms do?
A. Shorten their office hours.
B. Give employees a pay raise.
C. Adopt flexible work patterns.
D. Reduce their staff’s workload.