考研英语二样卷(附答案解析).doc

考研英语（二）样题
Section I Use of English
Direction:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
①Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes 1 different nations compete against each other in a 2 of sports. ②There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.
①In order to 3 the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the International Olympic Committee (IOC). ②After all proposals have been 4 , the IOC votes. ③If no city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues, with 5 rounds, until a majority winner is determined. ④Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, 6 the winning city time to prepare for the Games. ⑤In selecting the 7 of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to 8 the Games effectively.
①The IOC also 9 which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. ② 10 , Tokyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico City, Mexico, the host of the 1968 Summer Games, were chosen 11 to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia and in Latin America.
① 12 the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into 13 the host city’s time zone. ② 14 the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay 15 higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events 16 , in prime viewing hours.
①17 the Games have been awarded, it is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. ②This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television 18 and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. ③In many 19 there is also direct government support.
①Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially 20. ②When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.
1. [A]in [B]for [C]of [D]from
2. [A]lot [B]number [C]variety [D]series
3. [A]host [B]take [C]run [D]organize
4. [A]supported [B]submitted [C]substituted [D]subordinated
5. [A]suggestive [B]successful [C]successive [D]succeeding
6. [A]letting [B]setting [C]permitting [D]allowing
7. [A]site [B]spot [C]location [D]place
8. [A]state [B]stage [C]start [D]sponsor
9. [A]thinks [B]reckons [C]considers [D]calculates
10. [A]For instance [B]As a result [C]In brief [D]On the whole
11. [A]in time [B]in part [C]in case [D]in common
12. [A]Since [B]Because [C]As for [D]Because of
13. [A]amount [B]account [C]accord [D]acclaim
14. [A]However [B]Whatever [C]Whenever [D]Wherever
15. [A]greatly [B]handsomely [C]meaningfully [D]significantly
16. [A]live [B]living [C]alive [D]lively
17. [A]Until [B]Unless [C]Whether [D]Once
18. [A]incomes [B]interests [C]revenues [D]returns
19. [A]cases [B]conditions [C]chances [D]circumstances
20. [A]safe [B]risky [C]tempting [D]feasible
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Text 1
①Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. ②Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. ③Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. ④“My whole motto was ‘Start small, think big, and have fun’,” says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side.”
①Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. ② This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some ＄10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. ③These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. ④In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. ⑤The Troc-Services exchange in France offers more than 4,600 services, from math lessons to ironing.
①This is not a primitive barter system.②By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier—what Bob Meyer, publisher of Barter News, calls “the double coincidence of wants.” ③That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. ④Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.
①Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. ②For example, advertising is “hugely bartered” because many media, particularly on the Web, can supply new ad space at little cost. ③Moreover, Internet ads don’t register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.
①Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade” trading partners for honesty, quality and so on. ②Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter global trades. ③Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. ④Two small planes will deliver the goods. ⑤QL2 director GaciiWaciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.” ⑥For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.
21. The word “techies” (Para. 1) probably refers to those who are ___________.
[A] afraid of technology
[B] skilled in technology
[C] ignorant of technology
[D] incompetent in technology
22. Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they ___________.
[A] were impressed by his creativity
[B] were eager to identify with his motto
[C] liked his goal announced in advance
[D] hoped to prove the power of the Internet
23. The Internet barter system relies heavily on ___________.
[A] the size of barter sites
[B] the use of virtual currency
[C] the quality of goods or services
[D] the location of trading companies
24. It is implied that Internet advertisements can help ___________.
[A] companies make more profit
[B] companies do formal exchanges
[C] media register in statistics
[D] media grade barter sites
25. Which of the following is true of QL2 according to the author?
[A] It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.
[B] It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries.
[C] It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange.
[D] It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners.
①Internet commerce did not exist at the beginning of this decade, but now it is a supercharged engine driving the world economy. ②Industries are redesigning themselves around new methods of doing things. ③Survivors will be those that successfully adapt their processes in the New Economy, according to Robert D. Atkinson and Randolph H. Court. ④“Three main foundations will underpin strong and widely shared economic growth in the New Economy: (1) development of a ubiquitous digital economy, (2) increased research and innovation, and (3) improved skills and knowledge of the work force,” write Atkinson and Court.
①The total U.S. Internet economy more than doubled in just one year, from ＄15.5 billion in 1996 to nearly＄39 billion in 1997. ②By 2001, the Internet economy will soar to ＄350 billion, with business-to-business activity leading the way. ③Another sign of the growth of the digital economy is the mushrooming of Internet hosts, which are nearly doubling in the United States every year. ④More households, businesses, and schools are on the Net, too. ⑤ The only laggard in the digital revolution is government: Local, state, and federal governments combined spent 9.4% more each year on computers between 1986 and 1996, while business spent 22% more a year in the same period.
①Venture capitalists are pouring money into the development of growing companies, often becoming involved as board members and advisers, and helping startups refine business plans.
①“It’s important to keep an eye on the straight dollar amount of venture capital in the economy, but it’s just as important to remember the exponential ripple effect of the cash,” note Atkinson and Court. ②“Many of the gazelles of the New Economy are venture-backed companies, and they are having a profound impact—employment in venture-backed companies increased 34% annually between 1991 and 1995 while employment in Fortune 500 companies declined 3.6%. ③Moreover, venture-capital-backed firms are more technologically innovative than other firms.”
①The numbers of engineers and scientists are growing; jobs requiring science and engineering expertise will grow three times faster than other occupations between 1994 and 2005. ②Without adequately prepared homegrown workers to fill these jobs, and with decreased corporate spending on training programs, the demand for engineers and scientists will increasingly be met by immigrants. ③Already, almost one-fourth of engineers in the U.S. who earned Ph.D.s in the last five years are foreign born.
①Atkinson and Court conclude: “The New Economy puts a premium on what Nobel laureate economist Douglas North calls ‘adaptive efficiency’ —the ability of institutions to innovate, continuously learn, and productively change…②If we are to ask workers to take the risks inherent in embracing the New Economy, we must equip them with the tools to allow them to prosper and cope with change and uncertainty.③If we fail to invest in a knowledge infrastructure—world-class education, training, science, and technology—our enterprises will not have the skilled workers and cutting-edge tools they need to grow and create well-paying jobs.”
26. We learn from the text that ________ seems to be more important for a person to survive the New Economy.
[A] adaptability
[B] diligence
[C] intelligence
[D] modesty
27. In the second paragraph, the author mainly concentrates on the ___________.
[A] tendency of American economy
[B] contribution American households have made to the economy
[C] low efficiency of the government
[D] progress toward digital transformation
28. The venture-capital-backed firms are more successful because they ___________.
[A] have invested in innovation
[B] are good at stock exchanges
[C] have abundant funds
[D] have increased employment
29. The fact that “almost one-fourth of engineers in America who earned Ph.D.s are foreign born” implies that ___________.
[A] the majority of American people are not interested in getting Ph.D.
[B] foreign students are more eager to get Ph.D.
[C] the American education has lagged behind in the New Economy
[D] American students are not as clever as foreign students
30. A suitable title for this text might be ___________.
[A] How to Develop US Economy
[B] The Relation between American Industry and New Economy
[C] Digital Engine Powers New Economy
[D] Our New Policy on Economy
Text 3
①When Thomas Keller, one of America’s foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. 1 he would abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se, his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with a European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. ②These three groups are all committed to tipping—as they quickly made clear on Web sites. ③To oppose tipping, it seems, is to be anticapitalist, and maybe even a little French.
①But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it’s worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.
①Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. ②“Waiters know that they won’t get paid if they don’t do a good job” is how most advocates of the system would put it. ③To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.
①Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of studies of tipping and has concluded that consumer’s assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.
①Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled—in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. ②Mr. Lynn’s studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers.
①What’s more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. ②Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call “upselling”: every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server’s pocket. ③Aggressive upselling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.
①In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more common in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. ②In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. ③Indeed, there appears to be little connection between tipping and good service.
31. It may be inferred that a European-style service___________.
[A] is tipping-free
[B] charges little tip
[C] is the author’s initiative
[D] is offered at Per Se
32. Which of the following is NOT true according to the author?
[A] Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.
[B] Waiters don’t care about tipping.
[C] Customers generally believe in tipping.
[D] Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.
33. According to Michael Lynn’s studies, waiters will likely get more tips if they ___________.
[A] have performed good service
[B] frequently refill customer’s water glass
[C] win customer’s favor
[D] serve customers of