九年级英语上册 定语从句教案 人教新目标版.doc

定语从句
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也也可以说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当评语、宾语、定语等万分。关系代词在定语从句中作评语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先先词保持一致。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等，关系副词有：when , where, why等。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1、关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词
句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制从句 只用于限制性从句
主语 who which that
宾语 whom which that
定语 whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)
例1：This is the professor who came from London.
例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.
⑴who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. （whom/that在从句中作宾语）
他就是我昨天见过的人。
⑵whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语），
例如：They ran over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
⑶which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，
例如：A chemist’s shop is a shop which/that sells medicine. (which/that在从句中作主语)
The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
练习：划出关系词，并指出它在定语从句中作什么成分。
1. Jim is the boy who lives with his grandparents..
2. The boy whom you will meet is her brother .
3. The house which I live in is old.
4. I like trees which /that are green.
5. The girl who has long hair is Lily .
6. The boy whose jacket is blue is Feng Lin.
7.I like the magazines whose pictures are colorful .
8. She has a friend whose name is Jane.
9. The book which/that you are reading is written by Bin Xin.

2．关系代词的用法
⑴如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that,不用which.例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
⑵如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any ,only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that, 不用which, who, 或whom。例如：
She is the only one that was invited.
⑶先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely
⑷如果先行词是anyone，anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, 关系代词应该用who或whom，不用which。例如：
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
3．“介词+关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构
⑴“介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性从句。“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at , of, without等，关系代词只可用whom（指人）或which（指物），不可以用that。
⑵from where为“介词+关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句 We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.
⑶像listen to, look at, depend on., pay attention to, take care of 等固定短语，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间，地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
3.判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I’ll never forget the days when I worded together with you.
判断改错
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对）This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对）I’ll never forget the days (which ) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Is this museum you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held.
A .where B. that C. on which D. the one
(答案：例1D，例2A) 分析如下：
例1变为肯定句：This museum is you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句：This is the museum the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做了从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应该选D。而句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where, 又因in the museum词组，可用介词in + which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that , which, whose ）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（ where地点状语， when时间状语，why原因状语）。
练习题:划出关系词，并指出它在定语从句中作什么成分。
1. a. They went to the beach where the car broke down.
b. We visited the farm where your father worked .
c. I have been to the farm which he lives in.
2. a. It happened on the day when they saw a funny movie.
b. It’s the day which is his birthday .
一、单项选择
1.This is the bag my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
2. The man lives next to us my English teacher.
A. whom B. which C. who D. /
3.The girl you saw in the street is Mary.
A. that B. whose C. which D.she
4.Is this the factory a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. the one B. which C. who D. whom
5. Is this factory a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. the one B. that C. which D. /
6.The only language is easy to learn is the mother tongue（母语）.
A. which B. that C. / D. it
7. The girl handed everything she had picked up in the street to the police.
A. which B. in which C. that D. all
8. cleans the blackboard should be praised.
A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who
9.Please show me the book you bought yesterday.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. this
10. This is the best book I have been looking for all this year.
A. who B. whom C. which D./
11. This is the only article of these that written by him.
A. was B. were C. are
12.The man was here just now is a doctor.
A. whom B. who C. / D. he
13.The boy has two lovely dogs.
A. who live next door B. which lives next door
C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door
14.Those make no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise（举起） your hands.
A. which B. whom C. that D. whose
15.Don’t go in, this is the shop we have just been .
A./, to B. that , / C. where, to D. which, there
16.This is the school Mr. Smith once taught.
A. in that B. when C. where D. there
17.Have you visited the hours the famous scientist was born?
A. where B. in that C. that D. which
18. The factory Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
19.Do you still remember the day we first met?
A. that B. when C. what D. on that
20. The time we studied together is not easily forgotten.
A. on that B. where C. when D. which
21.October 1,1949 is the day we’ll never forget.
A. when B. that C. where D. in which
22.October 1,1949 was the day the People’s Republic of China was founded(成立).
A. which B. when C. where D. in which
23. Is this museum they visited last month?
A. that B. which C. where D. the one
24. I still remember the sitting-room my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
25. A child parents are dead is called an orphan（孤儿）.
A. which B. his C. whose D. with
26. The gentleman you told me yesterday was a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
27. All is needed is a supply（供应） of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
28. Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
29.A chemist’s shop（药店） is a shop sells medicine.
A. who B. which C. where D. in which
30. The students do not study hard will not pass the examination.
A./ B. who C. which D. they
31. He told us about the things and persons he met during his staying in England.
A. which and who B. which C. who D. that
二、根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。
1.这是上个月被偷的那辆小轿车吗？
Is this the car last month?
2.George是一位热爱登山的英国中学教师。
George was an English school teacher hiking.
3.我喜欢那件有两个口袋的运动衫。
I like that sport sweater two pockets.
4.我永远也忘不了我入团的那一天。
I’ll never forget the day the league.
5.你十年前住过的楼房已经被拆了。
The building ten years ago has been pulled down.
三、用who, whom, which, whose, 或 that填空
1.A clock is a machine tells people the time.
2.A nurse is a person looks after people who are ill.
3.The house he is looking for is very expensive.
4.He is the person I met in the park yesterday.
5.Can you help me find the person saved the girl?
6.She is the engineer work is considered to be the best here.
7.The team won the basketball match is from No.27 Middle School.
8.I have lost the watch my father gave to me two years ago.
9.The person designs（设计） were the best was Mr.King.