阅读题型二-阅读理解.doc

阅读题型二　阅读理解

阅读理解题主要是考查学生根据所提供的材料综合运用所学的语言知识，从中获取文字信息的能力。它是一种综合性很强的题型，重点考查学生的词汇量、语法运用、阅读速度、理解能力、逻辑思维及推理能力、归纳总结及判断能力、对各国文化背景的了解程度。它考查范围广，包括：社会、文化、政治、经济、体育、科普学习、人物传记、幽默故事、新闻报道、百姓生活等，难度较高，是全面评估学生英语水平的重要测试题型，在平时训练及各种测试中都占有重要地位。预计2016年广西中考英语的阅读体裁会更加全面，包含常见的各种文体，题材会呈现多样化，将会采用更加贴近社会、生活等学生较感兴趣的话题。
2013－2015年广西各地中考试题分析表

地区体裁年份
南宁
柳州
玉林
贵港
桂林
百色
来宾
梧州
贺州
河池
钦州
2015

记叙

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说明
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议论

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应用
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2014

记叙
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说明
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议论

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2013

记叙
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说明
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议论

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◆类型Ⅰ　判断对错型
【解题策略】
做判断正误型阅读理解时要注意如下几点：
1．在对每一道题进行判断时，一定要从文章的具体段落和句子中找到依据，并进行认真比较分析、不能凭印象想当然，胡乱猜测。
2．只有完全符合文章意思的句子，方可判定为正确。那些基本意思相符，却仍有某一点不符的应判定为错误。
3．有些正误判断题要从西方语言文化及历史背景入手，因此多了解英美文化背景和习俗可以提高答题的正确率。
4．判断每一句子正误时绝不可先看一道题目，就将短文搜索一遍寻找答案，这样反反复复不仅费时，而且由于缺乏对文章意思的全面了解，判断时往往有很大盲目性。
5．阅读短文时主要应捕捉内容要点，掌握大旨和作者意图，不要过分推敲语言点，否则难以作出正确的判断。

A(2015·桂林)
Christmas and Spring Festival are two important festivals in the world.
Christmas is the most important festival in Western countries.It comes on December 25th.When Christmas comes，people have a long holiday.And there is Father Christmas! He comes on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day and gives presents to children so they love him very much.
Spring Festival is very important in China.It usually happens in February.On the New Year's Eve，people have a big family dinner and watch TV together.Parents usually give their children a hongbao，which means lucky money.
(　　)1.Christmas is the most important festival in Western countries.
(　　)2.People don't have a long holiday at Christmas.
(　　)3.Children love Father Christmas very much.
(　　)4.Spring Festival isn't very important in China.
(　　)5.Parents usually give children a Hongbao at Christmas.
B(2015·南宁)

Total sales：516 million units
iPhone users can listen to music，visit websites and play games－just by touching the screen.The iPhone 5S and 5C were the two top－selling smart phones in February，2014.

Total sales：450 million copies
As from mid－2013，about 450 million Harry Potter books had been sold in 73 different languages.This made it the best－selling book series(系列)of all time.

Total sales：$4.6 billion at the box office
Star Wars is one of the best science fiction films in the US.Luke Skywalker，a farm boy，trains to be a hero and saves a princess and the galaxy.

Total sales：350 million units
Forty years ago，Hungarian Professor Erno Rubik wanted to find a way to teach students geometry (几何)．So he made the Rubik's Cube.Mats Valk from Holland is the fastest person to solve a cube.It took him only 5.55 seconds！
(　　)1.The two top－selling smart phones were the iPhone 5S and 5C in February，2014.
(　　)2.Harry Porter was the best－selling film series of all time.
(　　)3.The hero in Star Wars saves a princess and the galaxy.
(　　)4.Mats Valk invented the Rubik's Cube.
(　　)5.The fastest person to solve a cube is from the US.
C(2015·柳州)
John was born in a rich family.When John finished school，he was already 18 years old.His father said to him，“Get a job in the town.If you stay at home，you will get nothing from me.” A few weeks later，John went to an office and asked for a job there.A man took him into a small room and gave him some questions on a piece of paper.John answered the questions quickly，then he gave the paper to the man.The man looked at the paper for a few minutes and asked，“You were born on September 23.But which year you were born in？” John answered，“Oh，every year.”
(　　)1.John was born in a rich family.
(　　)2.When John finished school，he was 17 years old.
(　　)3.A man took John into a small room.
(　　)4.John answered the questions quickly.
(　　)5.John was born on July 23.
D(2015·北海)
George was head of an African country.He was going to pay a visit to the USA.He decided to learn some English words so that he might greet Bill Clinton，president of the USA then，in English.So he asked his wife for help because she knew a little English.His wife told，“When you meet Mr.President，just greet him with ‘How are you’，and he may answer ‘I am fine’．Then you need only to say ‘Me，too’，and leave the rest to your interpreter(口译)．”
When his plane landed at the airport，George said to the smiling Clinton，“Who are you？”．This was quite unexpected to the president and surprised him greatly.But he quickly calmed down.Still with a smile on his face，he answered，“I am Hillary's husband.” To his reply，George answered back without a moment “Me，too”，and looked at the president's wife，Hillary，smiling sweetly as well.
(　　)1.George was from Africa.
(　　)2.George's wife knew a lot of English.
(　　)3.George wanted to learn some English words to greet Bill Clinton in English.
(　　)4.Bill Clinton was very surprised at first when George said “Who are you？” to him.
(　　)5.From the passage we know that George was Hillary's husband.
E(2015·梧州)
An old lady went out shopping last Tuesday.She came to a bank and saw a car near the door.A man got out of it and went into the bank.She looked into the car.The keys were in the lock.
The old lady took the keys and followed the man into the bank.
The man took a gun out of his pocket and said to the clerk，“Give me all the money！”
But the old lady did not see this.She went to the man，put the keys in his hand and said，“Young man，you're stupid！Never leave your keys in your car，someone's going to steal it！”
The man looked at the old woman for a few seconds.Then he looked at the clerk，and then he took his keys，ran out of the bank，got into his car and drove away quickly，without any money.
(　　)1.The old lady came to a bank last Tuesday.
(　　)2.The man left his keys in the lock of his car.
(　　)3.The old lady gave the keys back to the man.
(　　)4.Someone stole the man's car.
(　　)5.When the man went away，he did not take any money from the clerk.
◆类型Ⅱ　选择型
【解题策略】
1．阅读全文，捕捉信息。阅读理解的主旨是要求考生仔细阅读全文，掌握其大意，了解作者的观点和写作意图、故事的起因、时间、地点以及结局。考生必须在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点，读懂全文。
2．注意首句，抓住中心。俗话说“眼睛是心灵的窗户”，那么一篇文章的眼睛应是题目，而中考阅读是不给文章题目的。这给考生快速了解全文的中心增加了难度，在这种情况下，考生应特别注意首段或每一自然段的首句以及结尾句。这样一来就抓住了中心，为正确答题打下了良好的基础。
3．优选排除，确定答案。阅读理解题备选答案有三个是干扰项。我们可先排除明显不符合常识的选项，再排除与短文内容不符的选项，剩下的就是应选答案了，在这个过程中要仔细鉴别，对比各选项的区别。
4．复读全文，检查答案。考生应把短文中考查的信息归纳一遍，再次阅读，检查答案，看看是否前后一致，是否符合逻辑推理，有错及时纠正。
具体应注意下面四点：
(1)细节理解题
细节理解题属表层理解题范畴，难度较小。常见的设计方式有：以who，what，when，where，why(即五个“W”)或how等特殊疑问词开头就某个细节进行提问。这类题目的答案一般都能在文章中直接找到，做题前，可先浏览一下题目，然后带着问题快速阅读，找出能解决问题有关的信息。但是一定要注意捕捉准确的信息，进行理解分析，去伪存真，否则会陷入题目设下的“陷阱”，受其迷惑而误选干扰项。
(2)主旨归纳题
主旨归纳题所提问题主要涉及文章的中心思想、主要内容、标题、作者的态度、目的、文章的语气等。在做主旨归纳题时，我们一定要注意选项的内涵和外延必须能够恰如其分地概括文章的主题。因此我们要善于捕捉文章中出现频率较高的中心词汇和段落的主题句。在做选择文章的最佳标题时，还要注意语言方面的特点：题目往往具有凝练、醒目的特点。
(3)推理判断题
推理题的答案往往在文章的字面上不会出现，必须依据已有信息来进行推理，不能脱离原文去主观臆断。因此，在做推理题时，必须从原文里找到推断的依据。这类题要求考生脱离字面理解的局限，透过文章的字里行间，对作者的话进行推理判断，领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵或哲理，体会作者的言外之意、弦外之音，从而获得对文章的深层理解。
(4)词义猜测题
解答这类题目，必须认真阅读文章，通过上下文的联系，结合已有的知识猜测其在具体语境中的含义，下面就介绍一些猜词的技巧：
①通过因果关系猜词；
②通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词；
③通过构词法猜词；
④通过定义或释义关系来推测词义；
⑤通过句法功能来推测词义；
⑥通过描述猜词。

▲记叙篇
A(2015·柳州)
Tina was not like many of her friends.She didn't listen to pop music，but her friends liked rock and pop music.When Tina asked her friends to try classical music，they all looked at her strangely.“Classical music is for old people，” they said.Tina was worried if something was wrong with her.
Tina decided to talk to her father.In the study(书房)，asked her father，“Dad，am I strange？” “Of course not，” he answered.“Why do you ask that？” “Because I don't like the same things as my friends do.They want to listen to Mariah Carey's music.I like Yo Yo Ma's.” “ I can understand.Tina，it's all right to be your own person.You don't have to copy(模仿)what other people do.Everybody has different tastes.” After talking with her father，Tina felt better.She realized that doing different made her special.It was an important lesson for her to learn.
(　　)1.Tina didn't listen to ________.
A．pop music B．classical music C．Yo Yo Ma's Music
(　　)2.When Tina asked her friends to try classical music，they all looked at her ________.
A．angrily　　　　B．sadly　　　C．strangely
(　　)3.Tina talked to her father about her worry in the ________.
A．bedroom　　 B．kitchen　　 C．study
(　　)4.Everybody has different ________.
A．tastes　　　 B．hobbies　　 C．feelings
(　　)5.What can we know from this passage?
A．After knowing her interest，Tina's father gave her a lesson on it.
B．After hearing her words，Tina's father encouraged her to do what she liked.
C．After hearing her friends' opinions about music，Tina wanted to give up her interest.
B(2015·百色)
The big red American car was much too wide for an English country road.When Jack saw it running towards him，he stopped his own car at the side of the road to make room for it to pass.The American car went slowly past，so close that he could see the driver's face clearly.
“Where have I seen that face before？” he thought.“Wait a minute! I remember now.It was in the newspaper！” He took all the newspapers from his bag and turned quickly to the middle page.There was a picture of the face in it.Yes，it had a large mouth and small eyes，and his eyes were behind dark glasses.
“Wanted by the police，” read by Jack.“The City Bank will give a lot of money to anyone who helps the police to catch this man.”
“Call the police at once，” he said to himself.But a few minutes later，he was sad.“This man was caught this morning.” answered the police.
(　　)1.The story happened ________.
A．in England B．in America C．in a bank D．in a police station
(　　)2.Why did Jack stop his car?
A．Because he wanted to see the driver.
B．Because he didn't want to pass by first.
C．Because it was good for drivers to stop to let others go first.
D．Because the road was not wide enough for the two cars to pass at the same time.
(　　)3.What did Jack do when he had read the newspaper again?
A．He drove to the City Bank. B．He drove to the police.
C．He made a telephone call. D．He stopped the American car.
(　　)4.What would the person get if he caught the man the police wanted?
A．A lot of English cars. B．A lot of money.
C．A lot of American cars. D．A lot of newspapers.
(　　)5.Who caught the man with a large mouth and small eyes?
A．The American. B．The police. C．Jack. D．the driver.
C(2015·贵港)
On a hot July afternoon，my mother and I were walking back home from a pizza store.We had bought many things.I was feeling really tired as I was carrying our shopping bag.I decided to throw something away.I was walking towards a dustbin (垃圾箱)when I noticed a poor man walking out of the restaurant in front of us.He walked to the nearby dustbin and started looking through it.
I suddenly felt very sorry because I was going to throw away a new drink just because it was too heavy.I walked up to him and gave the drink and some bread to him，which surprised him. The man looked at me in surprise and took what I gave him.A big smile appeared on his face.I felt I couldn't be happier with myself.But then he said，“Wow，this is my son's lucky day！”
With that，he thanked me happily and started off on his bike.I even heard him singing as he rode away.I got a warm feeling inside.I now understand what it means by the saying “Giving is getting”．
Though it was only a little action，I got and learned more in those two minutes than I did in the rest of the month.Everyone in the world needs help.Everyone can give help and everyone can be helped.
The look of the man's happiness appears in my mind whenever I have the chance to do something nice.
(　　)1.When did the story happen?
A．On a winter afternoon. B．On a summer morning.
C．On a summer afternoon. D．On a winter morning.
(　　)2.Why did the writer want to throw away the new drink at first?
A．Because he didn't like it. B．Because it was too heavy.
C．Because it was not delicious.
D．Because he wanted to help others.
(　　)3.Who might the poor man give the drink to?
A．His son. B．His wife. C．His mother. D．His daughter.
(　　)4.From the passage，we can infer (推断)that ________.
A．the poor man had two sons B．the writer liked throwing things away
C．the poor man knew the writer a long time ago
D．the writer will do something good more in the rest of his life
(　　)5.What is the best title of this passage?
A．A Poor Man B．A Story of a Dustbin
C．My Son's Lucky Day D．The Power of Kindness
▲说明篇
A(2015·南宁)
How much do you know about the bird world?
Birds use three gaits：walking，running and hopping.
In walking，the left and the right feet move in turn (轮流)．Each foot is on the ground for more than half the time，so there are more times when both feet are on the ground.In running，each foot is on the ground for less than half the time，and there are more times when both feet are off the ground.In hopping，the feet move almost at the same time.This means that for much of the time both feet are off the ground.
Middle－sized and large birds walk at low speed and either run or hop at higher speed.Small birds，such as sparrows and swallows，usually do not walk，because walking may be too slow for them.It seems that the more time a bird spends in trees，the more likely it is to hop.Perhaps there is wide space in a tree between one thin branch (树枝)and the next，so walking is not a good choice，while on each small branch there is enough room to set both feet down side by side，so hopping seems to make sense.
(　　)1.How is the bird moving when both feet are on the ground for more the time?
A．By flying. B．By running. C．By walking. D．By hopping.
(　　)2.Which of the following shows a bird is hopping?

(　　)3.Why do the birds in trees usually move by hopping?
A．Space between the two branches is wide.
B．The birds in trees are small in size.
C．There is little room to set the birds' feet on.
D．Branches are high in the air off the ground.
(　　)4.Which of the following usually moves by hopping?
A．A duck. B．A chicken. C．A snake. D．A sparrow.
(　　)5.What does the underlined word “gaits” mean?
A．Directions of flying. B．Speeds of moving.
C．Ways of moving. D．Times of staying in trees.
B(2015·钦州)
When the bell rings，every student takes out an iPad.The light from the screens makes their young faces pretty and lively.
That's what happens every day at Mary's school in the US.Mary usually takes one thing with her—an iPad to school.They use iPads in class.
Mary felt surprised and excited when she got an iPad the first day she arrived at the school.But it was not free.She paid about $100(607 yuan) to use it for three years.
Every iPad at her school has a special learning system called Focus.Teachers put their teaching materials like textbooks and PPTs on it.When they have classes，they enter the system and download the materials with their iPads.They can read the e－books，listen to music and watch videos in class