六下语音归纳（复习资料二）.doc

六年级毕业复习资料（二）——语音规则
一．元音字母的发音规则
1. “a” 的读音
① / eɪ /： 在开音节中（以不发音的“e”或元音字母结尾的称为“开音节”）
plane, table, name, cake, grape, plate, make, skate, radio, game, shape, face, grade, take, late,
( 特殊：apple, have )
② / æ /：在闭音节中
bag, that, thank, happy, cat, animal, lantern, map, hat, rabbit, black, stand, and, panda, Maths,
③ / ɒ /： “a” 在 /w/ 后面 watch, wash, what, want ( 特殊：water )
/ɑ: /：一般和“s”有关 / ɔ: /
ask, class, glass, vase, basketball, mask, dance, can’t, after, father, banana,
⑤ / e /：和 “any”有关 any, anything, many, anywhere
⑥ / ǝ /：在轻读音节 about，banana，China, breakfast
其余特殊读音：/ɪ / orange， / eǝ / parent

2. “e” 的读音
① / i:/：在开音节中 these, he, she, me, we, Chinese, zebra
② / e /：在闭音节中let, get, bed, egg, vest, help, chess, lesson, guess （特殊cereal / ɪǝ / ）
③ / ɪ/：在轻读音节或“e”在开头 English, eleven, excuse, behind, beside, December
（特殊：evening / i:/, every、exercise / e /）

3. “i” 的读音
① / aɪ /：在开音节中 white, like, kite, nine, five, knife, ice, fine, find, bite, slide, beside,
(例外：live, fridge, little, give)
② / ɪ /：在闭音节中it, his, him, with, ill, live, swim, ring, sing, chicken, pig, listen, window,
③ / i: / police (man / woman), ski, magazine, kilo

4. “o”的读音
① / ǝʊ /：在开音节hello, photo, go, sofa, note, close, old, home, nose, over, post, cold, only
② / ɒ /：在闭音节中often, lot, sorry, clock, dog, doctor, orange, hot, coffee, on, wrong, from,
③ /Λ/ “o” 在 “m, n, v, th”之前
some, come, son, love, mother, monkey, London, stomach, glove, worry ( 特殊：woman/ ʊ / )
④ / ǝ /：在轻读音节 today, tomorrow

5. “u” 的读音
① /ju: / 在开音节中 student, music, computer, excuse, beautiful
② / u: / juice, fruit, blue, ruler
③ /Λ/ 在闭音节中but, duck, must, puppet, pumpkin, study, run, jump, uncle, much, Sunday
（例外：busy / ɪ / ）
/ ʊ / put, pull, ~ful ( beautiful, careful … )

6. y为半元音， 发音类似于“i ”
① “y” 在开头发/ j / year, yellow, you, your, yes
② “y” 在末尾发/ ɪ / lovely, library, family, baby, forty

二. 字母组合的发音
1. 元音字母组合
1）al / ɔ: / wall, ball, small, also,(也是)，all, wall, call
2）ar /ɑ:/ car, bar, park, party, start, large, garden, are, star, art
注意：ar /ɑ:/ 在/ w / 后变音读成 / ɔ:/ quarter
3）ai (ay) 发/ eɪ / play, stay, say, waiter, day ( 特殊：say加s, says /e/ )
4）ee / i: / meet, see, three, tree, sleep, sweep, Halloween, green, need
5）ea A. / i: / please, tea, teach, teacher, each, eat, peach, clean, seat
B. / e / sweater, head, breakfast, bread, ready
（特殊：/ eɪ / great， /ɪǝ /：really, idea, cereal ）
6）ear A. / ɪǝ / ear, near, hear, dear, year, appear B. / eǝ / bear, pear, wear
7）ere A. / ɪǝ / here B. / eǝ / where, there
8）or A. / ɔ: / for, forty, horse, morning, or ( 特殊： orange / ɒr/ )
B. /ɜ:/：“or”在/w/后面变音发/ ɜ: / word, world, work, worker
9）oo A. / ʊ / good, look, book, foot, cook, took, hooray, wood
B. / u:/ zoo, school, too, room, food, noodle, spoon, afternoon
10）ow A. / ǝʊ /： 在词尾 follow, yellow, window, snow, tomorrow, slow, know, throw
（特殊：单音节how，now，cow，bow发/ aʊ / ）
B. / aʊ /： 在词中 down，flower, brown, shower, town
11）oy / oi： / ɔɪ / boy, toy, toilet
12）~r (er, ir) A. / ɜ:/： 在词中发长音 circle, nurse, purse, Thursday (特殊：her /ɜ:/)
B. / ǝ /：在词尾发短音 driver，father, over, other, teacher, flower, doctor, visitor, Saturday
13）ou A. / aʊ / blouse, trousers, mouse, house, about, around
B. /Λ/ touch, cousin, young, country, double
14）/eǝ /： their, hair
15）au /ɑ:/：aunt, laugh
16）ed A. 在清辅音后/ t / worked, laughed, walked
B. 在浊辅音/ 元音后/ d / lived, called, showed, played
C. 在/ t /, / d / 后发 /ɪd / visited, shouted, pointed, needed
2. 辅音字母组合
1）ch / t∫/ chair, lunch, chocolate, Chinese, chicken, change，kitchen, chopsticks, China
(特殊： ch / k /: school, Christmas, ～ache,)
2）sh / ∫/ shoe, show, wash, fish, shape, shop, short, shirt
3）ph / f / photo, elephant, telephone
4）th A. / θ / 名词，动词，形容词，数词等有实际意义的词
three, thirteen, thirty, thing, thank, tooth, maths, mouth, thin, theatre
B. / ð / 代词，介词，连词等无实际意义的词
father, mother, with, clothes, together, they, the, their, those, these, this, that
5）wh /w/： what, why, which, white, where （特殊：who, whose）
6）n A. / n / not, nice, nine, no, noodle, nose, sun, need
B. / ŋ / ① “ng”在末尾 sing，song, morning, evening, English
② “n”在/k/ /g/之前 think, thank, uncle, drink, monkey, mango
( 注意：orange “g”发/ dʒ /，因此n发/ n /，而uncle的“c”发/ k /，因此n发/ ŋ / 。)
7）w A. /w/： water，will B. 不发音： wrong，write
8）ce / s /: nice se / z /: Chinese, whose