外研版九年级英语上被动语态.docx

被动语态一 概念表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。 Fish is eaten by cats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。二被动语态的用法(1)动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用by短语。Wordprocessingskillsaretaughtinourcomputerlessons.(2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.(3)突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。三构成形式 由“助动词be 及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时肯定句主语+am/is/are+done(过去分词)主语+was/were+done主语+shall/willbe+done主语+be going to be done否定句主语+am/is/are+not+done主语+was/were+not done主语+shall/will be+not done一般疑问句Am/Is/Are+主语+done？Was/Were+主语+done?Will/Shall+主语+be+done?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+done?特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+done?特殊疑问词+will/shall+主语+be done?四主动语态变被动语态的方法 Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty. 执行者 动词承受者Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty. 承受者谓语 by+执行者1).把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2).把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3).把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。五被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例 Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为 Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为 Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为 Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.六注意事项： 1.不及物动词没有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳) 2.系动词没有被动语态： look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste .如：The dish tastes good . 3.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well 如：This kind of skirt sells well. 4. need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .如：All the computers need repairing.=All the computers need to be repaired练习一出下列句子是主动语态还是被动语态1、 Novels entrance many readers.2、 When will you paint your house? 3、 The check will be delivered when they are ready.4、 Many countries are experiencing drought.5、 Many countries have experienced drought.二：将下列句子变为被动语态1. We watched the children sing that morning.2. The wind blew his hat down the street 3. They ask me to help them.4. He found the door close.5. They will send Cyril to prison.6. The secretary will mail these letters tomorrow.7. Someone ought to wash those dishes right way.8. The factory produced 5 000 cars every day.9. Theywillholdthecharityshowintheschoolhall.10. NancyJacksondesignedtheCD-ROM.三 选择( )1._anewlibrary_inourschoollastyear?A.Is;built B.Was;bulit C.Does;build D.Did;build( )2.Anaccident_onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappened B.washappened C.ishappened D.happened( )3.Cotton_inthesoutheastofChina.A. isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow( )4.Greatchanges_inChina.A.arehappenedB.washappenedC.hashappenedD.havehappened( )5.AtalkonChinesehistory_inthschoolhallnextweek.A.isgiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.gives( )6.Howmanytrees_thisyear?A. areplanted B.willplant C.havebeenplanted D.planted( )7.Thesebooks_.Somanypeopleareinterestedinthem.A.aresoldwell B.sellwellC.sellgood D.sellbadly( )8.Neitherofthem_inChina.A.ismade B.aremade C.weremade D.made( )9.Ifsmalltrees_,theywillgrowupquickly.A. takegoodcareof B.takegoodcareC.aretakengoodcareof D.aretakengoodcare( )10.Yourshoes_.Youneedanewpair.A. wearout B.wornout C.arewornout D.isworn( )11.ThePeoplesRepublicofChina_onOctober1,1949.A.found B.wasfounded C.isfounded D.wasfound( )12.-When_thiskindofcomputers_? -Lastyear.A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used( )13.TheGreatWall_allovertheworld.A. knows B.knew C.isknown D.wasknown( )14.Doctors_ineverypartoftheworld.A.need B.areneeding C.areneeded D.willneed( )15.HesaysthatMrZhang_tothefactorynextweek.A. issent B.wouldsend C.wassent D.willbesent( )16.Who_thisbook_?A. did;written B.was;writtenby C.did;written D.was;written( )17.Mary_showmehernewdictionary.A. hasaskedto B.wasaskedto C.isasked D.asksto( )18.Astory_byGrannyyesterday.A. wastoldus B.wastoldtous C.istoldus D.toldus( )19.Themonkeywasseen_offthetree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.tojump( )20.Theschoolbag_behindthechair.A. puts B.canbeput C.canbeputted D.canput( )21.Olderpeople_well.A. looksafter B.mustbelookedafter C.mustlookafter D.lookedafter四用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空1.When_thefirstman-madesatellite_(send)upintospace?2.Lastyearvegetables_(grow)inthegardenbyTomandhe_(sell)themhimself.3.She_(help)himwithhishomeworktomorrowevening.4.Howmanymagazines_(canborrow)inyourlibraryeveryweek?5.John_(hear)togoupstairstwohoursago.6.Who_(save)herfather?He_(save)bythatpoliceman.7.Thedoctor_(sendfor)becausehisgrandpawasill.8.Mooncakes_(make)byhismothereveryyear._yourmother_(make)mooncakesforyoueveryyear?9.Sometoys_(buy)asapresentsforthesechildrenlastMonday.10._paper_(make)ofwood?