英语语法专题-定语从句.doc

语法专题 定语从句
Part 1.定语从句的定义及其关系代词的使用
Step 1. 分析下列句型：
1. I can’t remember everything (that) happened during the time in university.
2. The film is about a spy (whose) wife betrays him.
3. Barbary was working in Beijing, (where) she went daily in a bus.
4. He said that he had never seen her before, (which) was not true.
5. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of (which) uses it somewhat differently.
总结：
在复合句中，用来修饰____________和____________的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰词叫____________, 用来引导定语从句的关联词叫_____________。定语从句分为____________和_____________。
(思考：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别是什么？)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2.关系代词的用法总结：
关系代词：
关系代词
先行词
（指人或物）
在从句中充当什么成分
例句分析
who
指人
作主语
The boy who is standing there is my cousin.
whom

The man (whom) you met yesterday is
Mr. Smith.
The boy (whom) you are looking for is hidden behind the tree.
whose =
( )
whom =
( )

Do you know the boy whose father is an engineer?
He lives in a house whose windows face south.
that

I don’t know about the man (that) you mentioned.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
which

The pen (which) my uncle gave me is missing.
Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures.
as

We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
He is not the same man as he was.
As we all had expected, Liuxiang won the gold medal in the competition.
注意：关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
1) As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
He married her, which was natural.
He was honest, as/which we can see.
2） as 可以引导非限制性定语从句，既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，位置较为灵活，意为“正如…”，后面的谓语动词一般是：see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce等。但是，which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能放在主句之后，意为“这一点”。
（1）________ is known to all, China is a developing country.
（2）He is from the south, ______ we can see from his accent.
（3）John, ________ you know, is a famous writer.
John is a famous writer, ________ you know.
（4）He has been to Paris several times, ________ I don’t believe.
3) 当先行词受such, the same,so修饰时，常用as
I have never heard such a funny story as he tells.
= I have never heard so funny a story as he tells.
This is the same book as I lost last week.
【注意1】当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
【注意2】定语从句such…as …与结果状语从句such… that…的区别：
He has such a good laptop as I want to buy.
He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one.
She  is so lovely a girl ___________ we like .
 She  is so lovely a girl ___________ we like her.
Step 3.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
分析下列例句:
The man to whom he is talking is my father.
This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.
注意：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用________（指物） 和_________（指人）。即：介词+_____________/_______________.
思考下列两个句子的变化：
The man whom/that he is talking to is my father.
This is the pen which / that I wrote the letter with.
总结：当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用______/_______（指物），用_________/__________/__________（指人）作介词的宾语，而且做介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。
注意：在固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词位于关系代词之前。
判断正误：
This is the pen for which I’m looking. ( )
This is the pen which I’m looking for. ( )
(思考：关系代词充当什么成分时可以省略？)
Part 2.关系副词的使用及其与关系代词的转化
关系副词：
关系副词
先行词
在从句中充当的成分
例句分析
when =
( )

I will never forget the day when/on which I joined the Party.
where =
( )

The factory where/in which my father works is in the east of the city.
why =
( )

None of us know the reason why/for which Tom was absent from the meeting.
注意：先行词为时间、地点时，引导词不一定都要用when或where引导，要判断它在定语从句中的句子成分。如果引导词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就要用which 或that。
请分析下列句子中应该使用的引导词：
1. This is the factory _________we visited last year.
2. This is the factory _________we worked last year.
3. This summer _______I spent in Italy is so hot.
4. Is this the shop ________sells children's clothing?
5. This is one of the largest rooms ________I've ever slept in.
Part 3. 拓展
Step 1.
1. 在什么情况下只能用that引导定语从句；
1）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时。如：
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
All that can be done has been done.所有能做的事情都做了。
You can find any information that you need on the Internet.
2）当先行词被序数词修饰。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
I think the film Assembly《集结号》 is the best film that I have seen.
4）当形容词被the very\right, the only,just the 修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
5）当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing there?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6）当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时。如：
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
7)关系代词在句中作表语时，
He isn’t the person that he used to be.
8)主句为there be 句型时，
There’s a pen that belongs to Tom on the desk.
2. 如何区分the same ……as 和the same ……that；
This is the same book that I lost. _______________________________________（指同一本书）
This is the same book as I lost. _______________________________（并不是原来的那一本书）
3. 以the way为先行词的定语从句
The way （in which/ that/省略) he answered the question was surprising.
Step 2. that在定语从句与同位语从句的区别：
News that Wanglin had been admitted to Beijing University came from the school office.(同位语从句)
The news that the TV reported yesterday excited the whole nation.（定语从句）
注意：that 在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，只起引导从句的作用；
that在定语从句中要充当一定的成分，一般充当主语、宾语或表语。所以区别两者的关键在于从句中是否缺少成分。
判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句：
The fact that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years has worried many scientists.( )
The fact that we learned from the News Center was really disappointing.( )
Step 3. 定语从句综合练习：
一、用适当的关系词填空：
1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.
2. We are learning English, a language _____ is used in many places in the world.
3. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
4. Tell me the reason ______ the American lady left.
5. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
6. Do you still remember the place_______ we found the lost child?
7. The house _____ stands on the top of the hill was built last month.
8. He is the only person ______ saw the accident yesterday.
9. Who is the student _____was late for school today?
10. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.
11. The manager walked toward the gate _____ the workers are waiting.
12. Autumn is the time of a year______farmers get in their crops.
13. Allen is the girl ________ I think will succeed in the test.
14. Those are the shoes __________ I lost last week.
15. Her parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.
二、请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。
1. This is the factory where we visited last week.
3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
4. The house in that we live is very small.
5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.
6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.
8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered .
9. Everything which we saw was of great interest.
10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died.
11. The reason which he didn’t go to school is that he was ill.
12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.
13. The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard.
14. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors.
15. We’re going to visit the school where your brother works there.
16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening.
17. That is the way which they work.
18. Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice.
19. Who is the man who has white hair.
20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea.
三、单选题
1)Do you still remember the chicken farm _______ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2）Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t.
A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填; 不填
3）Look out! Don’t get too close to the house______ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
4）—Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm _________ we worked.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
5) In an hour, we can travel to places ______ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
6) Anyway , that evening , ______ I will tell you about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place . 
A. when B. where C. what D. which
7)Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained

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