短文改错导学案2(1).doc

短文改错考点4：介词误用、多用与少用导学案
By Welcome Lee
真题再练
1. (2015新课标卷I) Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.
表示“随着”用_______。另外，___________ the development of (随着……的发展)可作为固定词组来记。
2. (2014新课标卷I) Nearly five years ago,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted

some cherry tomatoes in our back garden.
固定词组：____________the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下。
3. (2013新课标卷I) He was tall, with broad shoulders and a beard that turned from black towards gray over the years.
固定词组：turn…________ (把……变成……), from…_______ (从……到……)。
4. (2012新课标卷) When I tore apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, “That’s it. No more toys to you.”
引出接受某物的人, 用_________。又如：a letter ___________ you 给你的信。
5.(2011新课标卷) Luckily, I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had were those I had on.
6.(2011新课标卷) When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent to me lots of clothes.
由lend sb. sth.(借给某人某物)可知，不用________。但如果将sth.放到前面，则用_____，如：He lent me a pen. =He lent a pen _______ me.
7. (2015新课标卷II) Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it very much.

据常识，玩具应在橱窗里面，故用______。
8. (2014新课标卷II) Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.

表示有时间做某事，或有做某事的时间，time后接________或to do。又如:I don’t have more time_______reading /to read.我没有更多的时间来阅读。
9. (2014新课标卷II) We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music.

表示“听”什么，要说listen______，这是固定词组。
10.(2013新课标卷II) The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain.
因“看书”是________the book，不用_____。
11. (2013新课标卷II) Interestingly,it had a connection by the British porcelain (瓷器) industry.

固定词组：have a connection __________/_________与……有关系。
短文改错考点4：介词误用、多用与少用思路点拨
因介词是短文改错的必考点，且可能不止考1题，所以凡遇到介词，要高度警惕。
1. 意义通不通？一遇到介词，就从介词的基本意义出发，看__________通不通或是否符合_______。如［真题再练］5，“幸运的是，我所有的钱都在我口袋的表面上”，显然不合常识。
2. 搭配对不对？一遇到介词，就要瞻前顾后，看它是否符合搭配习惯。如［真题再练］3，遇到toward，是否正确？看看前面，有turn，可想到turn…_______，或由from想到from…______
3. 念念顺不顺？如果平时有大声朗读的习惯，并留意了固定搭配，考场中只需默默念一念，就可感觉出有没有错误。如你听熟或读顺了listen to me, read a book，当你念到listen music, read of a book时就觉得不顺了，肯定是错的。这种方法特别适合辨识不及物动词后漏掉介词或及物动词后又增加介词的错误。
短文改错考点4：介词误用、多用与少用考点归纳
介词是改错题中必考考点，且5年8套题中考了11道，是重点考查内容，我们必须高度重视。从高考真题来看，考查内容有以下特征：
1. 常见的介词。如in, of, for, with, to, into等。
2. 基本的用法。如______表示“在……里”, _______表示“在……的表面上”，___________引导接受某物的对象，等等。但也有个别题相对较难，如time______ after-school activities(做课外活动的时间)。
考点练透
1. (2010新课标卷)As the old man looked over the things on the yard that were to be sold, he stopped …
表示“在庭院里”，是_____ the yard。
3. 固定的词组。在这11道题中，有6道考查固定词组，超过一半。因此，含介词的固定词组我们就不得不重视了。要收集，要熟读，读得朗朗上口。
2. (2009新课标卷)I plan to make friends with them so that we can help each other on the course work.
由help sb. ________ sth.可知。
3. (2008新课标卷) We’d like to invite for you to the exhibition.
由invite sb. ______ some place可知。
再如4.(2007新课标卷) Then I invited Li Ming in my place.

5. (2014大纲卷)The more friends we have, the more we can learn for one another.

固定词组：learn____________ sb. 向某人学习。
6. (2012大纲卷I) To begin with, all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only when we have a real need.
因为reduce(减少)是vt.，直接接____语。
7. (2012大纲卷II) Third, we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing, especially bath water, for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water.
因which在定语从句中作主语, “for+关系代词”是不能作主语的。
8. (2011大纲卷I) My best friend, Aigulie, used to share her Nang to me.
因share sth. ________ sb.(同某人分享某物)是固定搭配，故me前的to改为___________。
9. (2011大纲卷I) I think over her a lot and I miss the food and the good time we had together.

表示“想起”用think______。而think sth. over意为“________________”。
10. (2011大纲卷II) Thank you very much for showing us around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals.
由provide sb. ______ sth.(＝provide sth. for sb.给某人提供某物)可知,us后的for改为_______。
11. (2010大纲卷I) It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first prize on the Story Writing Show.

表示“在比赛中”
12. (2010大纲卷II) From then on, we’ve kept touch with each other through e-mails.
固定词组：keep_____ touch with sb.与某人保持联系。
13. (2009大纲卷I) After five years away in my hometown, I find that the neighborhood which I used to live in has changed a lot.
离某处多久或多远，用away _________，故away后的in改为__________。
15. (2008大纲卷I) I have just got some good news to tell to you.
16. (2008大纲卷I) I imagine you’ll be at vacation yourself by that time.

因________vacation是固定词组。
17. (2008大纲卷II) If I have the honor to be chosen to work for the 29th Olympic Games, I will at first improve my English…Second, I will…
比较：at first______________________；first__________。由下面的Second(其次)可知，这里用_________。
18. (2008大纲卷II) I will first improve my English so that I can talk easily about foreign visitors.

表示“同，和某人交谈”是固定短语talk _______/ _______sb。
19. (2007大纲卷I) I asked him, “Grandpa, how come you have so many lines on your hand?”… he answered slowly, “Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life.”

因each of… (……中的每一个)才与谓语动词stands一致。
20. (2007大纲卷II) I’m the happiest in all!

表示“在所有人中”，用_____。
21. (2007大纲卷II) It will be lots of fun for practising out in the playground in the afternoon…

It is fun __________ sth.(做某事是开心的)是固定句式。
短文改错考点5：连词误用、多用或少用导学案
By Welcome Lee
真题再练
下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。
1. (2015新课标卷I) In the countryside, the air is clean or the mountains are green.

因“空气新鲜”与“山绿”是________关系，而非选择关系。
2. (2014新课标卷I) Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.

因________不与although连用，须删除其中之一；又因删除Although，we不是大写字母开头，所以只能删除________；也可以改but为__________。
3.(2013新课标卷I) He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful.
因删除非限制性定语从句which…town后，就是He had a deep voice, he was strong and powerful，显然两句之间缺少连词；从两句间的逻辑关系看，是______关系，故用_____。
4. (2013新课标卷I) In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.
因during是介词，不能引导从句，应改为连词；从句意来看，应改为引导时间状语从句的______________。
5.(2012新课标卷) But before long, they began to see which was happening.

引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语, 表示“所……的事”, 故用____________。
6. (2011新课标卷) I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor, and

then I realized that someone had stolen it.
因“买票”与“转身”是先后紧接着发生的两个动作，是顺承关系，无转折意义，故用_____。
7. (2015新课标卷II) After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.
因found后是宾语从句，意为“他的父母不见了”，其结构与意义完整了，用_____引导或省略that,故还可省略_________。
8. (2013新课标卷II) Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.

引导非限制性定语从句不能用that,故要把that改为___________。
短文改错考点5：连词误用、多用或少用思路点拨
1. 句间无连词，增加连词。凡是两个句子之间没有句号、分号，又没有连词时，一定是漏掉_______词了，要根据两句之间的意义关系或逻辑关系，增加一个恰当的_____词。
2. 句间多连词，删除连词。虽然同一句子中的两个主谓关系之间一定有连词，但又不能多，只需一个，多了就错了。特别是受汉语的影响，易将although /though… but(虽然……但是……), because /since/ as…so (因为……所以……)连用，遇到此种情况，一般删除后面的___________, _______, 以免影响一个句子的第一个单词首字母大写的原则。
3. 遇到连词要考究是否用错。如or (表选择), and (表顺承), but (表转折)之间是否用错，要根据句意的理解、前后的__________关系去判断。
短文改错考点5：连词误用、多用或少用考点归纳
除2013年卷I考了2道题，2014年卷II没有考查连词外，每年有1道题考查连词。在最近5年8套题中考了8道题，已考的具体考点有：
1. 并列连词的误用
(1)or与______混用。如［真题再练］1。
(2)but与______混用。如［真题再练］6。
(3)but与_________连用。如［真题再练］2。
(4)并列连词漏用。如［真题再练］3。
2. 从句的引导词的误用
(1)误用从句连词。如［真题再练］5、7。
(2)误用____________来引导非限制性定语从句。如［真题再练］8。
(3) 介词误作连词用。如［真题再练］4，during误作__________。易混的还有表示“随着”的介词___________与连词when；表示“在……期间”的介词during与连词while。介词一般是接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，而连词才可以连接句子。
考生备考时，以下3点仍需注意：
1. that的用法。
(1)引导名词性从句时没有任何意思，也不作任何句子成分，只起连接作用，因此引导宾语从句时常被省略。
(2)引导定语从句，如果不是直接在介词后，一般可以替代which或who，但不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2. what的用法。是连接代词，引导名词性从句并在从句中作主语或宾语，除表示“什么”外，还有“_______________(the thing that)”之类的意思。
3. 牢记平行结构。请翻译下列连词：
(1) 或者……或者…… ____________________
(2) 既不……也不…… ____________________
(3) 不但……而且…… ____________________
(4) 不是……而是…… ____________________
(5) 不论……还是…… ____________________
此外，no sooner…____________, hardly…___________中than与when不要用错.
考点练透
下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。
1. (2010新课标卷) Without a moment’s delay, his neighbor picked up the box but announced “I’ll take them.”
因“拿起来”与“宣布”是顺承关系，不是转折关系。
2. (2008新课标卷) More than 1 000 paintings will be on show, but high school students from all the eight districts will come to the event.
3. (2007新课标卷)Last year I was ill but had to stay in hospital for a week.

因“生病”与“住院”是顺承关系，并非转折关系。
4. (2014大纲卷)The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another,
but the more pleasure we can share together.

前后不是转折关系
5. (2013大纲卷) My father is hardworking but goes to work in the field every day.

前后意义没有转折关系。

6. (2009大纲卷II) I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon, and I was held up on my way back.
因“打算四点前还”与“被阻在路上”是转折关系。
7. (2012大纲卷I) What’s more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week, and we can also buy smaller cars that burn less oil.
因once or twice(_________________)是固定词组。
8. (2010大纲卷I) It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first prize in the Story Writing Show. All I had to do was to write a story or present it.
因“写一个故事”与“将它交上去”是先后两个动作，顺承关系，而不是选择关系。
9. (2008大纲卷II) Finally, I should be able to tell visitors about our history or culture and show them our great achievements.
10. (2011大纲卷I) Now Aigulie and I study at different colleges or we can only see each other during the summer vacation.
11. (2012大纲卷II) Water is important. We, as well as animals, cannot live without water
and neither agriculture or industry can go without it.

固定搭配：neither…________…
12. (2009新课标卷)I’m going to attend my first lesson this afternoon, for I’ve got some preparations to make. Keep in touch.
前句是因后句是果，用连词_______ (因此，所以)。
13. (2009新课标卷) No lectures this morning so I think I’d email you and let you know what things are going.
14. (2008新课标卷)We would be grateful when you could join us that day.

15. (2014大纲卷)And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can.

固定句式as…_____…
16. (2013大纲卷)This is how I need to improve in the future.

17. (2012大纲卷II)I think, we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water.
18. (2011大纲卷I) Since the lunch bell finally rang, my friends and I met under a tall tree and had our lunches.
19. (2011大纲卷II) It’s been a week after we left your family and we are now back home.

表示“自从……有多长时间了”的句型是“It’s been＋时间段＋_________…”。
20. (2010大纲卷I) My teachers had been telling me how great my writing was. So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize.
引导主语从句，作said的宾语，用连接代词_________，意为“所....的”。
21. (2007大纲卷I) I was only about six that he held his hand out to me.

22. (2007大纲卷I) I looked at his other hand. “But Grandpa, what do you have more lines on that one?” “Because…”
由后面的Because可知，是问：为什么那只手会有更多的皱纹呢？
23. (2007大纲卷II) My school is organizing a basketball team and there’s just a chance which I can join it.
引导同位语从句，从句句意完整，用________引导。
短文改错考点6：谓语动词的错误导学案
By Welcome Lee
真题再练
下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。
1. (2015新课标卷I) When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.

2. (2014新课标卷I) Since then—for all these years—we had been allowing tomatoes to

self-seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing … The fruits are small…
自那以后到现在，应是完成进行时时___________________________________。
3.(2013新课标卷I) I was only four when she passes away.

由主句时态可知，用_________________时。

4.(2012新课标卷) When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, “That’s it. No more toys for you.”
上下文谓语动词的时态都是用__________________时
5.(2011新课标卷) When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.
上文谓语动词都是用________________时
6. (2014新课标卷II) My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m. There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so much homework.
据上文动词时态可知，要用_________________时。
7. (2013新课标卷II) This custom soon becomes another meal of the day. Interestingly, it had a

connection with the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.
由下文中的had及语句意思可知，用_______________时。
8. (2015新课标卷II) A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.

9. (2014新课标卷II) We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music.

与or前的lie并列，___________也用原形。
10. (2015新课标卷I) Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.
因“研究”与“表明”是________关系。
11. (2015新课标卷II) Tony was scared and begun to cry.

因begin的过去时是__________。考生易受and前面部分影响，以为也要跟scared一样用过去分词构成被动语态，其实，“汤姆”与“开始哭”是__________关系。
12. (2013新课标卷II) Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.

构成被动语态，用_________分词。
13. (2011新课标卷) Luckily, I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.
句中(that) I had是定语从句，主句主语是clothes，为复数，故was改用________才主谓一致。
14. (2014新课标卷II) My dream school look like a big garden.

一般现在时，主语My dream是第三人称单数，谓语动词要加___。

15. (2015新课标卷I) We must found ways to protect the environment.

在情态动词(must)后用动词____形。
16. (2012新课标卷) My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience, I must make my toys last.

更有耐心, 才“可以”让玩具持续更久。
短文改错考点6：谓语动词的错误思路点拨
从［真题再练］来看，5年8套题有16道是谓语动词的错，平均每套2道题，可见谓语动词在短文改错中是错得最多的，是最重要的考点。短文一般含8到10句话，对每句话的谓语一定都要仔细研究。可按以下线索去思考：
1. 查______是否一致。遇到某个谓语动词的时态与上下文的时态不一致时，十有八九是出错了，需仔细审查。如［真题再练］1，前面两个动词was, hoped和后面的would都是过去式，而think却用一般现在时，不一致，就很可能错了，需重点核实。
2. 查____态是否正确。当主语是谓语动词的动作的承受者时，即谓语与主语在逻辑上有动宾关系时，要用被动语态。被动语态由“be+________分词”构成。［真题再练］10、11、12题即考查语态。
(1)查该用主动还是_________。如果是主动语态，句中有行为动词时，不能再用be。如［真题再练］10，“研究”与“表明”是主动关系，已有行为动词show了，就不能再用be，故删除been。
(2)如果要用被动语态，看是否漏掉______；同时注意be的_____是否正确，_____是否一致，过去分词______写是否正确(常误写成过去式或原形)。如［真题再练］12，就是过去分词的拼写错误。
3. 查并列动词的________是否一致。在A and /or B或A, B and C这类结构中，A, B, C的形式应一致，关键是要找准谁跟谁并列，不要找错对象，尤其当句子有谓语动词又有非谓语动词时更应注意。如［真题再练］8、9。
4. 查________是否一致。有时虽然前后时态是一致的，但主谓不一致。如［真题再练］13，主语clothes是复数，谓语动词却用单数was；［真题再练］14，主语My dream school是第三人称单数，谓语动词look却用复数(原形)。
5. 查情态动词是否用错。若有情态动词，首先根据语境体会句子所表达的语气与情态，判断是否用错了_______动词。如［真题再练］16，“我明白了，有了耐心，我就一定让我的玩具用得更久”，玩具是否用得久，还受本身的质量或其他因素的影响，用“一定(______)”语气太强了，改用“可能(_________)”更好。另外，我们知道，情态动词有三大特征：
(1)后面一定要接动词________形，并与之一起构成谓语。(2)没有人称和数的变化。
(3)其疑问式或否定式不借助于do。
因此，我们还要考虑作者是否因不懂情态动词的基本用法而用错了。如［真题再练］15，must后接found，这就错了，应改为原形find。
短文改错考点6：谓语动词的错误考点归纳
谓语动词的错误不但每年必考，而且考得最多，每套题中平均有两处错。到目前为止，仅考查了以下8点：
1. 前后谓语动词的时态不一致。2. 主动语态中已有行为动词时却多用了_______。
3. 被动语态中或者完成时态中，过去分词拼写错。如：
A little girl was hurted and her mother needed help. (2009大纲卷II)

解析：“小女孩被弄伤”，用被动语态是对的，但hurt的过去式、过去分词与原形是___同的，即hurt—________—__________，故hurted错了，应改为_____________。
Since then we haven’t see each other much. But we’ve kept writing to each other. (2007新课标卷)

解析：由since then (自那时起到现在)可知，用现在完成时是正确的，但现在完成时由“have+_______分词”构成，故see错了，要改为____________。
4. 并列谓语的时态形式应该________却没有一致。
5. 主语与谓语在人称和数方