骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs专家讲座.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The Bones of Limbs,down,Department of AnatomyYunyang medical college,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第1页,目标和要求,1.掌握上肢带骨、自由上肢骨、下肢带骨、自由下肢骨位置和形态及上、下肢骨主要体表标志。,2.了解腕骨、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾骨位置和排列。,down,Up,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第2页,Each limb has a girdle and three segments.In the upper limb,these are the shoulder girdle,the upper arm,the forearm and the hand.In the lower limb,those are the pelvic girdle,the thigh,the leg and the foot,.,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第3页,一、The bones of upper limbs,The bones of upper limbs include shoulder girdle,上肢带骨,and the bones of free upper limb,自由上肢骨,.,The shoulder girdle consist of the clavicle,锁骨,and the scapula,肩胛骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第4页,The bones of free upper limb,自由上肢骨,include the bone of upper arm(humerus,肱骨,),the bones of the forearm,(the,radius,桡骨,and ulna,尺骨,)and the bones of hand(the carpal bones,腕骨,metacarpal bones,掌骨,and phalanges,指骨,),一、The bones of upper limbs,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第5页,1.,The,clavicle 锁骨,The,Clavicle is S-shaped and curved rod of bone.The medial 2/3 of the bone is convex forward whereas the lateral 1/3 is concave forward.,(一)The shoulder girdle上肢带骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第6页,The rounded medial(or sternal,胸骨端),end jionts the sternum.The flattened lateral(or acromial,肩峰端,)end joints the scapula.,1.,The,clavicle 锁骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第7页,The weakest part of the clavicle is at the junction of the middle and lateral thirds.,1.,The,clavicle 锁骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第8页,The scapula has three borders,three angles and two surfaces,.,three borders,Superior:,scapular notch,肩胛切迹,coracoid process 喙突,Lateral(axillary)border,腋缘,Medial(vertebral)border,脊柱缘,2.,The,scapula 肩胛骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第9页,Three angles,Superior:,opposite to the 2nd rib,Inferior,:,opposite to the 7th rib,Lateral:,glenoid cavity,关节盂,2.,The scapula 肩胛骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第10页,Two surfaces,Anterior surface:,subscapular fossa,肩胛下窝,Posterior surface:,supraspinous fossa,冈上窝,infraspinous fossa,冈下窝,spine of scapula,肩胛冈,acromion 肩峰,2.,The,scapula 肩胛骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第11页,The humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb.It has a body and two ends,.,Upper end:,head of humerus,肱骨头,anatomical neck,解剖颈,greater and lesser tubercles,大、小结节,surgical neck,外科颈,1.The,humerus 肱骨,（二）The bones of free upper limbs,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第12页,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第13页,Shaft:,1.deltoid tuberosity,三角肌粗隆,2.sulcus for,radial nerve,桡神经沟,1.The,humerus 肱骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第14页,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第15页,Lower end:,capitulum,肱骨小头,trochlea,肱骨滑车,coranoid fossa,冠突窝,radial fossa,桡窝,olecranon fossa,鹰嘴窝,lateral and medial epicondyles内、外上髁,sulcus for,ulnar nerve 尺神经沟,1.The,humerus 肱骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第16页,The radius is the lateral bone of the two in the forearm.It has a shaft and two ends,.,Upper end:,head of radius,桡骨头,neck of radius,桡骨颈,Lower end:,styloid process 桡骨茎突,ulnar notch,尺切迹,carpal articular surface,腕关节面,2.The,radius,桡骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第17页,Fracture of the distal end of the radius,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第18页,The ulna lies medial to the radius in the forearm.It is also a long bone with two ends and a shaft.,Upper end:,olecranon鹰嘴,coronoid process,冠突,trochlear notch,滑车切迹,Lower end,styloid process 尺骨茎突,head of ulna,尺骨头,3.The,ulnar,尺,骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第19页,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第20页,Carpal bones 腕骨,舟月三角豆,大小头状钩,Metacarpal bones掌骨,Phalanges of fingers 指骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第21页,二、The bones of Lower Limb,The lower limb which is similar to the upper,is connected to the trunk by a girdle,the pelvic girdle,the free lower limb is divided into three segments,the thigh,the leg and the foot.,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第22页,The pelvic girdle is formed by a hip bone髋骨on each side.The bone of the thigh is the femur股骨.The bones of the leg are the medial tibia胫骨 and the lateral fibula腓骨.The bones of the foot are composed of three parts,the tarsal bones跗骨,the metatarsal bones跖骨,the phalanges 趾骨,二、The bones of Lower Limb,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第23页,Hip,bone,The hip bone of a newborn consists of three components:,ilium,髂骨,ischium坐骨,pubis,耻骨,(一）The pelvic girdle下肢带骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第24页,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第25页,Body of ilium,髂骨体,Ala of ilium,髂骨翼,iliac crest 髂嵴,anterior superior iliac spine 髂前上棘,anterior inferior iliac spine,髂前下棘,tubercle of iliac crest,髂结节,1.The ilium,髂骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第26页,posterior superior iliac spine,髂后上棘,posterior inferior iliac spine,髂后下棘,greater sciatic notch 坐骨大切迹,iliac fossa,髂窝,arcuate line,弓状线,1.The ilium,髂骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第27页,2.The ischium,坐骨,Body of ischium,坐骨体,ischial spine坐骨棘,lesser sciatic notch 坐骨小切迹,Ramus of ischium,坐骨支,ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第28页,3.The pubis,耻骨,Body of pubis,耻骨体,iliopubic eminence,髂耻隆起,Superior ramus of pubis,耻骨上支,:,pecten of pubis,耻骨梳,pubic tubercle 耻骨结节,pubic crest,耻骨嵴,symphysial surface,耻骨联合面,Inferior ramus of pubis,耻骨下支,obturator foramen,闭孔,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第29页,Acetabulum 髋臼,formed by bodies of ischium,ilium and pubis,Lunate surface,月状面,acetabular fossa,髋臼窝,acetabular notch,髋臼切迹,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第30页,1.The femur,股骨,The femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body and consists of a shaft and two ends,(二)The bones of free Lower Limb,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第31页,Upper end:,femoral head,股骨头,fovea of femoral head,股骨头凹,neck of femur 股骨颈,greater trochanter 大转子,lesser trochanter,小转子,intertrochanteric line,转子间线,intertrochanteric crest,转子间嵴,1.The femur,股骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第32页,Fracture of the femoral neck,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第33页,Shaft:,linea aspera,粗线,gluteal tuberosity,臀肌粗隆,pectineal line,耻骨肌线,popliteal surface,腘面,1.The femur,股骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第34页,Lower end:,medial and lateral condyles,内、外侧髁,medial and lateral epicondyles,内、外上髁,adductor tubercle 收肌结节,intercondylar fossa,髁间窝,patellar surface,髌面,1.The femur,股骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第35页,The patella is a sesamoid bone,about 5cm in diameter,which is located in the front of the knee joint,embedded in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris.It is a flattend,oval bone with an apex downwards.The posterior surface of the patella contains two articular surfaces for the medial and lateral condyles of the femur.,2.The patella髌骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第36页,The tibia is the larger and medial bone of the leg.It has a shaft and two ends.,Upper end:,medial and lateral condyles,内、外侧髁,intercondylar eminence,髁间隆起,fibular articular surface,腓关节面,tuberosity of tibia胫骨粗隆,3.The tibia 胫骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第37页,Shaft:,soleal line,比目鱼肌线,Lower end:,fibular notch,腓切迹,medial malleolus 内踝,3.The tibia 胫骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第38页,The fibula is located on the lateral side of the tibia.,Upper end:,fibular head,腓骨头,neck of fibula 腓骨颈,Lower end:,lateral malleolus 外踝,4.The fibula 腓骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第39页,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第40页,Tarsal bones,跗骨,距跟舟三楔骰,Metatarsal bones 跖骨Phalanges of toes 趾骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第41页,Question,the clavicle and the scapula.,上页,下页,1What bones make up the shoulder girdle？,the,hip bone髋骨,the femur股骨,the tibia胫骨 the fibula腓骨,the tarsal bones跗骨 the metatarsal bones跖骨,the phalanges趾骨,2,What bones comprise the lower limb,？,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第42页,Up,Summary,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第43页,小结,The bones of upper limbs include,shoulder girdle上肢带骨and the bones of free upper limb自由上肢骨.,The shoulder girdle consist of,the clavicle锁骨 and the scapula肩胛骨.,The bones of free upper limb自由上肢骨include the bone of upper arm(,humerus肱骨,),the bones of the forearm,(,the,radius桡骨 and ulna尺骨,)and the bones of hand(,the carpal bones腕骨,metacarpal bones 掌骨 and phalanges指骨,),骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第44页,小结,The lower limb which is similar to the upper,is connected to the trunk by a girdle,the pelvic girdle,the free lower limb,is divided into three segments,the thigh,the leg and the foot.The pelvic girdle is formed by a,hip bone髋骨,on each side.The bone of the thigh is,the femur股骨,.The bones of the leg are the medial,tibia胫骨,and the lateral,fibula腓骨,.The bones of the foot are composed of three parts,the tarsal bones跗骨,the metatarsal bones跖骨,the phalanges,趾骨,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第45页,Thank you!,End,Up,骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs,第46页,