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英语音标入门一．英语共有48个音素，元音20个(发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍) 辅音28个（发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍）元音 /i:/ /ɪ/ /e/ /æ/ /ɜ:/ /ə/ /ɑ:/ /ʌ/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/ /U:/ /ʊ/ /eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ 清辅音 (发音的时候声带不振动,发音部位比较靠前，在口腔前部，不振动声带，发音的时候感觉人在往前倾,)/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/ 浊辅音(发音的时候声带要振动, 发音部位比较靠后，在轰隆部位，发音时候感觉头在往后倾)/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /dz/ /r/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /ǀ/ /w/ /j/ s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化, /p/ /t/ /k/ 它们浊化后，分别发成: /b/ /d/ /g/ 二．具体发音元音 /i:/ be he cream eat green need /ɪ/ big city /e/ any many bed best breakfast /æ/ at bag /ɜ:/ her birth first /ə/ hello ruler /ɑ:/ afternoon class art card /ʌ/ color come young country bus but /ɔ:/ all also report short more store /ɔ/ want watch clock from your four /U:/ do movie cool food you group /ʊ/ put /eɪ/ age case day May great /aɪ/ ice like night /ɔɪ/ boy toy /əʊ/ go no boat coat show know /aʊ/ found sound how now /ɪə/ really dear year /eə/ /ʊə/ 辅音 /p/ pen play /t/ table take /k/ call can key kid school black rock /f/ family father laugh cough phone photo /θ/ thank thing /s/ city sad salad /ʃ/ sure sugar machine she shoe /tʃ/ future natural chair chess watch match /tr/ trip trumpet /ts/ bats hats /h/ hat have who /b/ bag ball /d/ dad date /g/ game get guard guess /v/ video violin /ð/ that this /z/ is his zero zigzag /ʒ/ usually pleasure /dʒ/ biology giraffe job join /dr/ draw drawer /dz/ beds cards /r/ red ruler write /m/ many math climb autumn /n/ name nice sign foreign know /ŋ/ sign /ǀ/ last late /w/ want watch what why /j/ year yes 三．单词重音（word stress）英语单词分为单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如bed[bɛd],dad[dæd]. 由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词，如funny ['fʌnɪ] ，famous ['feməs] 由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词，如delicious [dɪ'lɪʃəs] 英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节，由符号“ ’”表示，如about [ə'baut]。有的多音节词有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，或两个都是主重音，次重音用符号“，”表示，标在次重音的左下方。如anybody ['ɛnɪ,bɑdɪ]。双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上，多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节，如documentary [,dɑkjə'mɛntərɪ]，grandfather ['grænd,fɑðɚ]。四．句子重音（sentence stress）一个句子中，实词（名词，实义动词，数词，形容词，副词等）重读；虚词（冠词，介词）不重读。一月至十二月: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December 春夏秋冬: spring, summer, fall, winter 时间： second 秒, minute分 , quarter一刻钟 ,hour 小时 ,day 天 ,week 周 ,month 月 ,year 年 century 世纪 ,morning早晨 ,noon中午 ,afternoon 下午 night傍晚 ,midnight深夜星期： Monday 星期一 Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday 星期三 Thursday 星期四 Friday 星期五 Saturday 星期六 Sunday 星期天 1—100： one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one twenty-two twenty-three twenty-four twenty-five twenty-six twenty-seven twenty-eight twenty-nine thirty thirty-one thirty-two thirty-three thirty-four thirty-five thirty-six thirty-seven thirty-eight thirty-nine forty forty-one forty-two forty-three forty-four forty-five forty-six forty-seven forty-eight forty-nine fifty fifty-one fifty-two fifty-three fifty-four fifty-five fifty-six fifty-seven fifty-eight fifty-nine sixty sixty-one sixty-two sixty-three sixty-four sixty-five sixty-six sixty-seven sixty-eight sixty-nine seventy seventy-one seventy-two seventy-three seventy-four seventy-five seventy-six seventy-seven seventy-eight seventy-nine eighty eighty-one eighty-two eighty-three eighty-four eighty-five eighty-six eighty-seven eighty-eight eighty-nine ninety ninety-one ninety-two ninety-three ninety-four ninety-five ninety-six ninety-seven ninety-eight ninety-nine one hundred 一月至十二月: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December 春夏秋冬: spring, summer, fall, winter 时间： second 秒, minute分 , quarter一刻钟 ,hour 小时 ,day 天 ,week 周 ,month 月 ,year 年 century 世纪 ,morning早晨 ,noon中午 ,afternoon 下午 night傍晚 ,midnight深夜星期： Monday 星期一 Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday 星期三 Thursday 星期四 Friday 星期五 Saturday 星期六 Sunday 星期天 1—100： one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one twenty-two twenty-three twenty-four twenty-five twenty-six twenty-seven twenty-eight twenty-nine thirty thirty-one thirty-two thirty-three thirty-four thirty-five thirty-six thirty-seven thirty-eight thirty-nine forty forty-one forty-two forty-three forty-four forty-five forty-six forty-seven forty-eight forty-nine fifty fifty-one fifty-two fifty-three fifty-four fifty-five fifty-six fifty-seven fifty-eight fifty-nine sixty sixty-one sixty-two sixty-three sixty-four sixty-five sixty-six sixty-seven sixty-eight sixty-nine seventy seventy-one seventy-two seventy-three seventy-four seventy-five seventy-six seventy-seven seventy-eight seventy-nine eighty eighty-one eighty-two eighty-three eighty-four eighty-five eighty-six eighty-seven eighty-eight eighty-nine ninety ninety-one ninety-two ninety-three ninety-four ninety-five ninety-six ninety-seven ninety-eight ninety-nine one hundred

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