在这方面中国可与任何国家竞争.doc

New Century College English (Book III)
Unit 4: Health
Text A: How to Grow Old
I. Teaching Objectives:
1. To make clear the writer’s purpose to write the text and the ideas about the importance of good health.
2. To grasp the key words and phrases.
3. To master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.
1) To read between the lines.
2) To understand idiomatic expressions.
II. Teaching Content
1. Lead-in Activities
2. Text Organization
3. Skill Learning in Writing and Reading
4. Language Points ( key words, phrases and difficult sentences)
5. Grammar Focus (elliptical sentences)
6. Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work)
III. Teaching Process
1. Warm-up Questions
1) What do you usually do to keep fit?
2) What do you think are the criteria of being healthy?
3) If you had to choose between wealth and health, which would you prefer? Why?

2. A brief appreciation of the following quotes about health
1) A healthy body is the guest chamber of the soul; a sick, its prison.
--- Francis Bacon
2) Cheerfulness is the best promoter of health and is as friendly to the mind as to the body.
--- Joseph Addison
3) Money is the most envied, but the least enjoyed. Health is the most enjoyed, but the least envied.
--- Charles Colton
4) Giving is the secret of a healthy life. Not necessarily money, but whatever a man has of encouragement and sympathy and understanding.
--- John D. Rockfeller, Jr.
3. Text Organization
Part I (Para.1) The hereditary factor: from one’s ancestors one can acquire the right genes as well as guidance on how best to remain young.
Part II (Para. 2) The health factor: Russell has little to say on this, other than admitting that his lifestyle is mostly wholesome
Part Ⅲ(Paras.3-4) The psychological factor: We should guard against the danger of undue absorption in the past and that of clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality.
Part Ⅳ(Para. 5-6) The broader interests factor: Strong impersonal interests may ensure us an easy and successful old age and the best way to overcome the fear of death is to make our interests wider and more impersonal until our life becomes merged in the universal life.

4. Language Points
1. respect: n. a particular point or detail
Grace was a fine woman—perfect in almost every respect.
APEC has made a very commendable attempt in this respect.
(=Is China going to continue its measures in this respect for further improvement?)
在这方面中国可与任何国家竞争。
(=China can compete with any other country in this respect.)
Collocations:
in this respect 在这个方面
in every respect 在各个方面
in some respects 在有些方面
in any respect 在任何方面
in no respect 绝不
2. as regards: on the subject of; concerning
All citizens are equal as regards their capacity for civil rights.
Could you elaborate on your government policy as regards environmental protection?
(=As regards vegetables for the large cities, there is a big contradiction between supply and demand at present.)
至于应该穿什么衣服, 并没有硬性规定。
(=There are no special rules as regards what clothes you should wear.)
3. cut off:
(1) to cause sb. to die sooner than is normal
(2) to remove sth. (from sth. larger) by cutting
(3) to stop, interrupt or isolate
(4) to separate sth. by cutting it away from the main part
(Directions:) Match the above definitions with the sentences below.
(1) We were cut off half way through the conversation. (=3)
(2) He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll. (=2)
(3) Disease cut Smith off in the best part of his life. (=1)
(4) Several villages have been cut off by the snow. (=3)
(5) Don’t cut your fingers off! (=4)
4. inquire: v. to ask for information
She inquired of me most politely whether I wished to continue.
I will inquire (of him) about the schedule.
Learn widely, inquire earnestly, and reflect on what is at hand.
(=博学,切问,近思。)
Collocations:
inquire about 查问; 查明
inquire after 问候;问安
inquire for 查询（货物）; 求见
inquire into 查究;调查

CF: ask, demand, inquire & question
这些动词均含有“问，询问”之意。
ask最为普通，可与demand, inquire和question换用，但ask用于口语中，指提出问题让人回答。例如：I think I’d better ask him who he is.
demand指根据自己的权利、职责或身份认为有必要弄清情况而正式发问，常隐含命令对方回答的意味。例如：The police demanded his name and address.
inquire比较正式，指为得到真实情况而详细询问或调查了解。例如：They inquired whether he would attend the meeting.
question指因感到可疑或为了解情况，弄清究竟而发问，有时指一连串的发问。例如：She questioned him about his past.
5. part: v. to separate or divide
The policemen parted the crowd.
She has parted from her husband.
如果我们必须分手，我希望我们分了手还是朋友。
(=If we must part, I hope we can be friends.)
The clouds parted and the sun shone through.
(=云开日出。)
6. exclaim: v. to cry out suddenly and loudly for pain, anger, surprise, etc.
He exclaimed that it was untrue.
She exclaimed with delight when she saw the present.
(=He could not help exclaiming at how much his son has grown.)
CF: cry, shout, exclaim & scream
这些动词的均有“喊”、“叫”之意。
cry 一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。
shout 指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、不满、发命令或唤起注意等。
exclaim 多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。
scream 指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出尖叫声。

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
(1) She was _______ hysterically. (=screaming)
(2) The police _______ out a warning. (=shouted)
(3) A baby can as soon as it is born. (=cry)
(4) The newspaper _______ against the government’s action. (=exclaimed)
(5) The crowd __________ slogans and threw stones at the police. (=shouted)

7. keen: adj.
(1) sharp, active, sensitive
Dogs have a keen sense of smell.
He bought a knife with a keen blade.
(2) intense, strong, deep
He has a keen interest in his work.
退休后，他有一种强烈的失落感。
(=After retirement, he had a keen sense of loss.)
(3) eager, enthusiastic
She was not very keen on football.
(=After he had dreamed his birthplace many times, he was very keen to go back.)
CF: sharp, acute & keen
这些形容词均有“锐利的”、“敏锐的”、“机敏的”之意。
sharp指思路、视觉、听觉等方面的灵敏、敏锐。例如：It’s very sharp of you to have answered such a question. 你真够机敏的，能回答这个问题。
acute指五官、感觉、心智等方面的敏锐、深刻，一般可与sharp换用。例如：Rabbits have an acute sense of hearing. 兔子有敏锐的听觉。
keen和sharp, acute一样，都可表示心智、感觉等方面的敏锐。例如：The old man has a keen sight. 这个老人目光锐利。

8. on the grounds that …: for the reason that …
I had to retire on the grounds that I was ill.
Her claims were disallowed on the grounds that she had not paid her premium.
他没有因犯罪而受到严厉惩罚，主要是因为他年纪小。
(=He was not severely punished for his crime on the grounds that he was young.)
9. guard against: to prevent sth. from happening
In these circumstances he must guard against pessimism.
We should take measures to guard against accidents.
暗箭难防。
(=Hidden arrows are difficult to guard against. )
(=Her way to guard against being attacked is never to go out alone at night. )
Collocations:
guard against disease 预防疾病
guard against bad habits 杜绝陋习
guard against suspicion 避免嫌疑
10. undue: adj. more than is reasonable, suitable or necessary
Many schools place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level.
He tried to exercise an undue influence upon his colleagues.
(=Mr. Smith pays undue attention to book learning and formal rules.)
不要过急地处理那个问题。
(=Don't treat the matter with undue haste.)
11. cling: vi. to hold tightly; refuse to give up
Small children cling to their mothers.
As a people the Chinese cling strongly to tradition.
她坚定地抱着获救的希望。
(=She clung to the hope of being rescued.)
Cling to life and be scared of death.
(=贪生怕死。)
Pattern:
cling to …
12. suck: v.
(1) to draw (liquid or air, etc.) into the mouth by using the lip muscles
Bees suck honey from flowers.
The old man was sucking at his pipe.
蚊子会吸我们的血。更糟的是，它会把毒注入我们的体内。
(=The mosquito will suck our blood. What's even worse, it will inject poison into our bodies.)
Do not teach your grandmother to suck eggs.
(=用不着教你的祖母如何吸食鸡蛋。/不要班门弄斧。
(2) to absorb
Plants suck up moisture from the soil
The cleverest students can suck up as much knowledge as teachers can give them.
(3) to pull sb. or sth. with great power and force it into or out of a particular place
He was sucked into a life of crime.
I don’t want to get sucked into the conflict.

13. indifferent: adj.
(1) not caring about or noticing; not interested in
How can you be indifferent to the sufferings of starving people?
It is quite indifferent to me whether you go or stay.
探险家们将征途上的危险置之度外。
(=The explorers were indifferent to dangers of the expedition.)
(2) not particularly good; mediocre; fairly bad
an indifferent book (=质量较差的一本书)
an indifferent cook (=手艺平平的厨师)
Pattern:
be indifferent to/towards
14. render: vt.
(1) to give, present or offer
We call on you to render assistance.
Many companies come to the customer's house to render service.
Render good for evil.
(=以德报怨。)
(2) to cause to be in a particular condition
He was rendered helpless by the accident.
“Trips to China's five great mountains render trips to other mountains unnecessary, and a trip to Huangshan renders the trip to the five great mountains unnecessary.”
他身体肥胖到摸不到自己的脚趾。
(=His fatness renders him unable to touch his toe.)
15. oppress: vt.
(1) to rule unjustly or cruelly
Women are often oppressed by men in the past.
(=The rich oppress the masses by their control of the political systems.)
(2) to cause sb. to feel worried, uncomfortable
The heat oppressed him and made him ill.
战争的威胁使我们忧心忡忡。
(=The threat of war oppressed us all.)
16. cheat: v.
(1) to deceive or trick
They were caught cheating in the exam.
The company cheated taxman in order to get more profits.
考试作弊是不道德的。
(=It's immoral to cheat in a test.)
(2) to take sth. from (sb.) deceitfully
He was cheated (out) of his rightful heritage.
They were cheated of victory.
(=他们的胜利之果被别人骗走了。)
Pattern:
cheat sb. (out) of sth.
N.B. 注意该词的词性变化，它的名词为：cheat 。
CF: cheat, deceive, trick & fool
这些动词均含有“欺骗”之意。
cheat较为普通，指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在赢利的买卖中骗人。例如：
He cheated the old woman out of her money. 他骗了老妇人的钱。
deceive指用虚假外表使人信以为真，或蓄意歪曲事实，或造成错误印象使人上当受骗。例如：
We were deceived into believing he could help us. 我们受骗了， 还以为他会帮助我们。
trick指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物。例如：
She tricked me into admitting responsibility. 她哄骗我承担责任。
fool指把某人当傻瓜，愚弄欺骗某人。例如：
Don’t fool me again. 别又把我当傻瓜。
17. achieve: vt.
(1) to complete or accomplish; to get (sth.) done
I’ve achieved only half of what I hoped to do.
We were all exhausted, but felt we had achieved a lot.
(=You will never achieve anything if you don’t work harder.)
(2) to gain or reach by effort
By the age of 25 he had achieved his ambition of becoming the world champion in figure skating.
As a result of advertising, we’ve achieved a big increase in sales this year.
想一切都成的人必将一事无成。
(=One who wants to achieve everything will achieve nothing.)
CF: accomplish, achieve, fulfill & complete
这些动词均含有“完成”之意。
accomplish指成功地完成了规定的工作、计划、任务等，侧重强调达到预期
目的的整个过程。
achieve指通过持续的努力而完成或实现，特别强调由于非常努力，克服困难后达到目的。
fulfill指达到预定的目标，如计划的完成、职责的履行、诺言的实现、任务的完成等。
complete指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分。
18. overcome: vt.
(1) to successfully control a feeling or a problem that prevents you from achieving sth.; to defeat
I managed to overcome my fear of darkness.
他抵制了再次吸食毒品的强烈诱惑。
(=He overcame a strong temptation to take drugs again.)
(2) of smoke or gas makes sb. sick or unconscious
He was sent to hospital after he was overcome by gas fumes.
Collocations:
be overcome by fatigue 筋疲力尽
be overcome by grief 悲伤过度
be overcome by emotion 不胜感触
be overcome by liquor 醉酒
be overcome by fumes 被烟薰倒
19. recede: vi. to move back or away
She could see the lights of the ship receding on the horizon.
The sense of duty dominates all else, and personal claims recede.
潮起潮落。
(=The tides advance; the tides recede.)
(=We reached the open sea and the coast receded into the distance.)
20. merge: v.
(1) to combine; to join things together to form one thing
We have decided to merge these small firms into one large company.
Where does this stream merge into the Rhine?
这家银行和其主要对手合并了。
(=The bank merged with its major rival.)
A hundred rivers may merge in one.
(=百川汇宗。)
(2) to fade or change gradually
Twilight merged into darkness.
One end is blue, one end red and the colors merge in the middle.
The water and the sky merge in one color.
(=水天一色。)
(=His fear gradually merged into curiosity to know what was happening.)

21. carry on:
(1) to continue (doing sth.)
(2) to conduct or take part in
(3) to manage
(4) to flirt with or have a love affair with
(Directions:) Match the above definitions with the sentences below.
(1) It’s difficult to carry on a conversation at a noisy party. (=2)
(2) We carried on with our discussion. (=1)
(3) Rising costs made it hard to carry on the business. (=3)
(4) They decided to carry on in spite of the bad weather. (=1)
(5) She was carrying on with his boss. (=4)

5. Grammar Focus
Elliptical Sentences
Examples: It is easy to think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. (Para.3)
I should wish to die while still at work. (Para.6)

6. Guided Practice
Voicing your views
Work in groups of threes or fours and discuss what one should do to stay young. Share your ideas with the class. The following hints may be of some help.
Proper Recipe for Staying Young
1) Health factor: have a balanced diet, have adequate sleep, keep fit, work out to gain greater vigor and vitality;
2) Psychological health: direct one’s thoughts to the future, avoid undue absorption in the past;
3) Attitudes towards life: be optimistic, have a caring heart, be concerned with the life of mankind;
4) Broader interests factor: cultivate wide and keen interests and hobbies, play games, keep on learning, work hard to realize one’s potential, laugh more, develop social ties.

7. After-class Assignment
1) Review Text A
2) Do exercises (P.115—121)
3) Theme-Related Writing (p. 123)

Text B: A Whisper of AIDS`
Language Points
1. bring sth. to an end
e.g. It was past our lunchtime when he brought his speech to an end.
2. applause n.
e.g. There was loud applause when the pop star appeared on stage.
3. reluctantly adv.
e.g. After much thought the girl reluctantly agreed to meet him for lunch.
4. contract v.
e.g. Jim contracted TB during the war and died of th