福田康夫首相北京大学演讲.docx

福田康夫首相北京大学演讲稿
【唐宁街10号】
卡梅伦首相在北京大学的演讲全文
twentyfiveyearsagoicametohongkongasastudent.theyearwas1985.dengxiaopingandmargaretthatcherhadrecentlysignedthehistoricjointdeclaration.theremarkablestoryofthesuccessfulhandoverofhongkongandthegreatprogresshongkonghascontinuedtomakeisanexletotheworldofwhatcanbeachievedwhentwocountriescooperateinconfidenceandwithmutualrespect.sincethen，chinahaschangedalmostbeyondrecognition.china’snationalanthemfamouslycallsonthepeopleofchinatostandup…
qilaiqilai（standup，standup）todaythechinesepeoplearenotjuststandingupintheirowncountry.theyarestandingupintheworld.nolongercanpeopletalkabouttheglobaleconomywithoutincludingthecountrythathasgrownonaveragetenpercentayearforthreedecades.nolongercanwetalkabouttradewithoutthecountrythatisnowtheworld’slargestexporterandthirdlargestimporter.andnolongercanwedebateenergysecurityorclimatechangewithoutthecountrythatisoneoftheworld’sbiggestconsumersofenergy.chinaisoncoursetoreclaim，laterthiscentury，itspositionastheworld’sbiggesteconomy，thepositionithasheldfor18ofthelast20centuries，andanachievementofwhichthechinesepeoplearejustlyproud.putsimply：chinahasre-emergedasagreatglobalpower.threatoropportunitynowpeoplecanreacttothisinoneoftwoways.theycanseechina’sriseasathreatortheycanseeitasanopportunity.theycanprotecttheirmarketsfromchinaoropentheirmarketstochina.theycantryandshutchinaoutorwelcomechinain，toanewplaceatthetoptableofglobalaffairs.therehasbeenachangeofgovernmentinbritainandachangeofprimeminister.butonthisvitalpointthereisabsolutecontinuitybetweenmygovernmentandthegovernmentsoftonyblairandgordonbrown.wewantastrongrelationshipwithchina.strongontrade.strongoninvestment.strongondialogue.imadethatclearasleaderoftheoppositionwhenivisitedbeijingandchongqingthreeyearsago.andirepeatitasprimeministerhereinchina’scapitaltoday.intheargumentabouthowtoreacttotheriseofchina，isayit’sanopportunity.ichooseengagementnotdisengagement.dialoguesnotstand-off.mutualbenefit，notzero-sumgame.partnershipnotprotectionism.britainisthecountrythatarguesmostpassionatelyforglobalizationandfreetrade.freetradeisinourdna.andwewanttradewithchinaasmuchofitaswecanget.that’swhyihavewithmeonthisvisitoneofthebiggestandmosthigh-powereddelegationsabritishprimeministerhaseverledtochina.justthinkaboutsomeoftheprizesthattheriseofchinacouldhelptobringwithinourgrasp.strong，andsustainablegrowthfortheglobaleconomy.vitalprogressonthedohatraderoundwhichcouldadd$170billiontotheglobaleconomy.arealchancetogetbackontracktowardsalegallybindingdealonemissions.unprecedentedprogressintacklingpoverty.chinahaslifted500millionpeopleoutofpovertyinjustthirtyyears.althoughthereisstillalongwaytogo–that’smorepeopleliftedoutofpovertythanatanytimeinhumanhistory.youcanseetheresultsrightacrossthisenormouscountry.wheniworkedinhongkongbrieflyin1985，shenzhenwasbarelymorethanasmalltown，surroundedbypaddyfieldsandwaterways.todayitisacitylargerthanlondon.itmakesmostoftheworld’sipodsandoneintenofitsmobilephones.andthereareotherbenefitstoointacklingtheworld’smostintractableproblems.iwelcomethefact，forexle，thatmorethan900chinesedoctorsnowworkinafricancountriesandthatinugandaitisachinesepharmaceuticalfirmthatisintroducinganewanti-malarialdrug.soiwanttomakethepositivecasefortheworldtoseechina’sriseasanopportunitynotathreat.butchinaneedstohelpustomakethatargumenttodemonstratethatasyoureconomygrows，sodooursharedinterests，andoursharedresponsibilities.weshareaninterestinchina’sintegrationintotheworldeconomy，whichisessentialforchina’sdevelopment.ifwearetomaintaineurope’sopennesstochina，wemustbeabletoshowthatchinaisopentoeurope.soweshareaninterestinaninternationalsystemgovernedbyrulesandnorms.weshareaninterestineffectivecooperativegovernance，includingfortheworldeconomy.weshareaninterestinfightingprotectionismandinaco-ordinaterebalancingbetweensurplusanddeficitcountries.theseinterests，thoseresponsibilitiesarebotheconomicandpolitical.letmetakeeachinturn.economicresponsibilitiesfirst，economicresponsibilities.let’sgetstraighttothepoint.
theworldeconomyhasbeguntogrowagainafterthecrisis.butthatgrowthisveryuneven.ledbychina，asiaandotheremergingmarketsaregrowingquickly.butinmuchoftheadvancedworldgrowthisslowandfragileandunemploymentstubbornlyhigh.weshouldnotbesurprisedatthis.thecrisishasdamagedmanyadvancedeconomiesandweakenedtheirfinancialsectors.theyfacemajorstructuralandfiscaladjustmentstorebalancetheireconomies.thisistrueofmyowncountry.weknowwhatstepsweneedtotaketorestorethepublicfinancesandrebalanceoureconomytowardsgreatersavingandinvestmentandgreaterexports.andwehavebeguntotakethem.butfortheworldeconomytobeabletogrowstronglyagain–andtogrowwithoutcreatingthedangerouseconomicandfinancialinstabilitiesthatledtothecrisis，weneedmorethanjustadjustmentintheadvancedworld.thetruthisthatsomecountrieswithcurrentaccountsurpluseshavebeensavingtoomuchwhileotherslikeminewithdeficitshavebeensavingtoolittle.andtheresulthasbeenadangeroustidalwaveofmoneygoingfromonesideoftheglobetotheother.weneedamorebalancedpatternofglobaldemandandsupply，amorebalancedpatternofglobalsavingandinvestment.nowsometimeswhenyouhearpeopletalkabouteconomicimbalances，itcanseemasthoughcountriesthataresuccessfulatexportingarebeingblamedfortheirsuccess.that’sabsolutelynotthecase.weallshareaninterestandaresponsibilitytoco-operatetosecurestrongandbalancedglobalgrowth.thereisnogreaterillustrationofthisthanwhathappenedtochinaasthewesternbankingsystemcollapsed.chineseexportsfell12percent.growthdroppedtoitslowestpointinmorethanadecadeandsome20millionjobswerelostinthechineseexportsector.changesinthestructureofoureconomieswilltaketime.whatisimportantisthatthemajoreconomiesoftheworldhaveasharedvisionofthepathofthischange：whatactionscountriesshouldavoid;whatactionscountriesneedtotakeand，crucially，overwhatperioditshouldhappen.thisiswhytheg20–andthemeetinginseoul–issoimportant.togetherwecanagreeacommonapproach.wecancommittothenecessaryactions.wecanagreethatwewillholdeachothertoaccount.andjustaschinaplayedaleadingroleattheg20inhelpingtoavertaglobaldepression，soitcanleadnow.iknowfrommydiscussionswithpremierwenhowcommittedchinaistoactionstorebalanceitseconomy.chinaisalreadytalkingaboutmovingtowardsincreaseddomesticconsumption，betterhealthcareandwelfare，moreconsumergoodsasitsmiddleclassgrows，andintimeintroducinggreatermarketflexibilityintoitsexchangerate.thiscannotbecompletedovernight，butitmusthappen.let’sbeclearabouttherisksifitdoesnot，aboutwhatisatstakeforchinaandfortheuk–countriesthatdependonanopenglobaleconomy.attheworstpointofthecrisis，weavertedprotectionism.butatatimeofslowgrowthandhighunemploymentinmanycountriesthosepressureswillriseagain，alreadyyoucanseethem.countrieswillincreasinglybetemptedtotrytomaximisetheirowngrowthandtheirownemployment，attheexpenseofothers.globalization–theforcethathasbeensopowerfulindrivingdevelopmentandbringinghugenumbersintotheworldeconomycouldgointoreverse.ifwefollowthatpathwewillallloseout.thewestwouldloseforsure.butsotoowouldchina.forthelasttwodecades，tradehasbeenaverypositivefactorinchina’sre-emergenceontheworldstage.ithasdrivenamazinggrowthandraisedthelivingstandardsofmillions.tradehashelpedstitchbackchina’snetworkofrelationswithcountriesacrosstheworld.weneedtomakesurethatitdoesnotturnintoanegativefactor.justasthewestwantsgreateraccesstochinesemarkets，sochinawantsgreateraccesstowesternmarkets，anditwantsmarketeconomystatusintheeutoo.ihadveryconstructivetalkswithpremierwenonexactlythisissueyesterday.iwillmakethecaseforchinatogetmarketeconomystatusintheeu，butchinaneedstohelp，byshowingthatitiscommittedtobecomingmoreopen，asitbecomesmoreprosperous.andweneedtoworktogethertodomoretoprotectintellectualpropertyrights，becausethiswillgivemorebusinessesconfidencetocomeandinvestinchina.ukcompaniesareuniquelyplacedtosupportchina’sdemandformorehighvaluegoodsforitsconsumers.ourpavilionattheworldexpoinshanghai–whichwonthegoldawardforthebestpaviliondesign–wasashowcaseforsomanyofbritain’sstrengthsfromadvancedengineeringtoeducation，fromgreatbrandstogreatpharmaceuticalbusinesses，fromlowcarbontofinancialservicestothecreativeindustries.inalltheseareasandmanymore，britishcompaniesandbritishexportscanhelpchinadelivertheprosperityandprogressitseeks.wecanbepartofchina’sdevelopmentstrategy，justaschinaispartofours.atruepartnershipofgrowth，inrecentdays，britainhaswonnewbusinessworthbillionsofpoundsinvolvingcompaniesacrosstheukandcitiesalloverchina.includingadealbetweenrollsroyceandchinaeasternairlinesfor16airbus330aeroenginesworthlb750million，andinwardinvestmentsworthinexcessoflb300million
thisisallinadditiontoatleastlb3bnofbusinesswhichbritishcompanieshavesecuredaspartoftheairbuscontractconcludedwithchinalastweek，andafurtherlb2billionofinvestmentsbytescotodevelopnewshoppingmallsoverthenextfiveyears.andwithnearly50ofbritain’smostinfluentialculture，educationandbusinessleadersjoiningmeonthisvisit.ihopethesedealscanbejustthebeginningofawholeneweraofbilateraltradebetweenourcountries.achievingthiswouldbearealwin-winforourtwocountries.soifchinaispreparedtopursuefurtheropeningofitsmarketsandtoworkwithbritainandtheotherg20countriestorebalancetheworldeconomyandtakestepsovertimetowardsinternationalisingitscurrencythatwillgoalongwaytowardshelpingtheglobaleconomylockinthestabilityitneedsforstrongandsustainablegrowth.andjustasimportantly，itwillgoalongwayinsecuringconfidenceintheglobalcommunitythatchinaasaneconomicpowerisaforceforgood.politicalresponsibilities
butchinadoesnotjusthaveneweconomicpower.ithasnewpoliticalpower.andthatbringsnewpoliticalresponsibilitiestoo.whatchinasays–andwhatchinadoes–reallymatters.thereisbarelyaglobalissuethatneedsresolution，whichdoesnotbegthequestions：whatdoeschinathink，andhowcanchinacontributetoasolution。chinahasattemptedtoavoidentanglementinglobalaffairsinthepast.butchina’ssizeandglobalreachmeansthatthisisnolongerarealisticchoice.whetherit’sclimatechangeordevelopment，healthandeducationorglobalsecurity，chinaistoobigandtooimportantnownottoplayitspart.
onclimatechange，aninternationaldealhastobefair.andthatmeansthatcountrieswithdifferenthistoriescan’tallbeexpectedtocontributeinexactlythesameway.butafairdealalsomeansthatallcountriescontributeandallarepartofanagreement.andthere’sactuallyahugeopportunityhereforchina.becausechinacanreallyprofitfromhavingsomeofthemostefficientgreenenergyintheworld.oninternationalsecurity，greatpowershaveabiggerinterestthananyoneinpreservingstability.takedevelopmentforexle，chinaisoneofthefastestgrowinginvestorsinafricawithavitalinfluenceoverwhetherafricacanbecomeanewsourceofgrowthfortheworldeconomy.wewanttoworktogethertoensurethatthemoneywespendinafricaisnotsupportingcorruptandintolerantregimes.andthemeetingoftheunsecuritycouncilwhichthebritishforeignsecretarywillchairlaterthismonthprovidesagoodopportunitytostepupourco-operationonsudan.aschina’sstarrisesagainintheworld，sodoesitsstakeinastableandorderedworld，inwhichtradeflowsfreely.today，chinaistheworld’ssecondbiggestimporterofoil，andsudanisoneofyourmostimportantsuppliers.sochinahasadirectnationalinterestinworkingforstabilityinsudan.andfourfifthsofyouroilimportspassthroughthemalaccastraits.solikebritainandtheotherbigtradingnations，youdependonopensealanes.andlikeus，yourstabilityandprosperitydependsinpartonthestabilityandprosperityofothers.whetherit’snuclearproliferation，aglobaleconomiccrisisortheriseofinternationalterrorism，today’sthreatstooursecuritydonotrespectgeographicalboundaries.theproliferationofnuclearmaterialendangerslivesinnanjingaswellasnewyork.chinaisplayinganactiveroleinhelpingtopreventconflagrationovernorthkorea.wehavebeenworkingwithchinaintheunsecuritycounciltokeepupthepressureoniran，andchina’scontinuingrolehereisvitalifwearetopreventiranfromacquiringanuclearweapon.inyourownregion，ibelievechinacanworkwithustoimprovethesituationfortheburmesepeople.andchinaisoneofthefewcountriesthatburmawilllistentoonthispoint.butpoliticalresponsibilitiesarenotjustabouthowonecountryinteractswithanother，thoseresponsibilitiesalsoapplytothewayacountryempowersitsownpeople.politicalperspectivesitisundeniablethatgreatereconomicfreedomhascontributedtochina’sgrowingeconomicstrength.aschina’seconomygenerateshigherlivingstandardsandmorechoiceforchinesepeople，thereisinevitablydebatewithinchinaabouttherelationshipbetweengreatereconomicfreedomandgreaterpoliticalfreedom.irecognisethatweapproachtheseissueswithdifferentperspectives.iunderstandtoothatbeingingovernmentisahugechallenge.i’mfindingthatrunningacountryof60millionpeople.soicanonlybegintoimaginewhatitislikeleadingacountryof1.3billion.irealisethispresentschallengesofadifferentorderofmagnitude.whenicameherelastiwasbritain’sleaderoftheopposition.nowwe’vehadageneralelection.itproducedacoalitiongovernment，whichcombinestwodifferentpoliticalparties–theconservativesandtheliberaldemocrats–withdifferenthistoriesandpoliticalphilosophies，workingtogetherforthegoodofourcountry.thelabourpartyisnowtheofficialopposition，withaconstitutionaldutytoholdthenewgovernmentpubliclytoaccount.indeedifiwerenotinbeijingthiswednesdayafternoon，iwouldbepreparingformyweeklysessionofprimeminister’squestionsinthehouseofcommons，wherempsquestionmefreelyaboutthewholerangeofgovernmentpolicy.allthetimethegovernmentissubjecttotheruleoflaw.theseareconstraintsonthegovernment，andattimestheycanbefrustratingwhenthecourtstakeaviewwithwhichthegovernmentdiffers，butultimatelywebelievethattheymakeourgovernmentbetterandourcountrystronger.throughthemedia，thepublicgettoheardirectlyfrompeoplewhoholddifferentviewsfromthegovernment.thatcanbedifficultattimes，too.butwebelievethatthebetterinformedthebritishpublicisabouttheissuesaffectingoursociety，theeasieritis，ultimately，forthebritishgovernmenttocometosensibledecisionsandtodeveloprobustpoliciesthatcommandtheconfidenceofourpeople.imaketheseobservationsnotbecauseibelievethatwehavesomemoralsuperiority.ourownsocietyisnotperfect.thereisstillinjusticewhichwemustworkhardtotackle.wearefarfromimmunefrompovertyandtheillsthatafflicteverynationonearth.butinarguingforastrongrelationshipbetweenourcountries，iwantarelationshipinwhichwecanbeopenwitheachother，inwhichwecanhaveconstructivedialogueofgiveandtakeinaspiritoftoleranceandmutualrespect.theriseineconomicfreedominchinainrecentyearshasbeenhugelybeneficialtochinaandtotheworld.ihopethatintimethiswillleadtoagreaterpoliticalopeningbecauseiamconvincedthatthebestguarantorofprosperityandstabilityisforeconomicandpoliticalprogresstogoinsteptogether.insomerespectsitalreadyhas.ordinarychinesepeopletodayhavemorefreedomoverwheretheylive，whatjobtheydo，andwheretheytravelthaneverbefore.peopleblogandtextmore.it’srighttorecognisethisprogress.butit’srightalsothatbritainshouldbeopenwithchinaonissueswhere，nodoubtpartlybecauseofourdifferenthistoryandculture，wecontinuetotakeadifferentview.thereisnosecretthatwedisagreeonsomeissues，especiallyaroundhumanrights.wedon’traisetheseissuestomaketouslookgood，ortoflauntpubliclythatwehavedoneso.weraisethembecausethebritishpeopleexpectusto，andbecausewehavesincereanddeeplyheldconcerns.andileasedthatwehaveagreedthenexthumanrightsdialoguebetweenourtwogovernmentsforjanuary.becauseinthee