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初中定语从句讲解及练习
一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why。关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom. 例：Is there anyone here who will go with you?
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
注: 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
4.1,只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true.
(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
4.2,只用which不用that的情况：
(1) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
例如：The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xinjiang.
That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.
(2) 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立.
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性)
(3) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
(4) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。
例如： I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。
例如： This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city
8．"介词＋关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构。
(1) "介词＋关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。"介词＋关系代词"结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。
例:Is that the house in which you live ?
(2)关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如： That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
【中考范例】
1. (2004年哈尔滨中考试题)
---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?
---Yes, he does.
A. which B. whose C. where D. who
2. (2004年常州市中考试题)
The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
A. who B. where C. what D. that
3. (2004年扬州市中考试题)
---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?
---He has gone back to Qinghua University.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
4. (2004年益阳市中考试题)
I hate people _______ talk much but do little.
A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
【热身练习】
请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)
1. Check the ways you study for an English test.
2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.
3. You couldn’t understand people who talked fast.
4. I have some ideas that may help.
5. They said something you didn’t like.
6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?
7. He would always take pride in everything good I do.
【练习题一】
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that B.which C.for which D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
【练习题二】
1． Those _____ not only from books but also through practice will succeed．
A． learn B． who C． that D． who learn
2． Anyone _____ this opinion may speak out．
A． that againsts B． that against C． who is against D． who are against
3． Mr． Smith is one of the foreign experts who _____ in China．
A． works B． is working C． are working D． has been working
4． Didn’t you see the man _____?
A． I nodded just now B． whom I nodded just now
C． I nodded to him just now D． I nodded to just now
5． Have you seen the girl _____?
A． that I told B． I told you of C． whom I told you D． I told you of him
6． In the dark street， there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help．
A． that B． who C． from whom D． to whom
7． Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?
A． that you talked B． you talked about it C． which you talked with D． you talked about
8． The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled．
A． that B． what C． why D． for which
9． They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school．
A． which B． that C． who D． whom
10． Who _____ has common sense will do such a thing?
A． which B． who C． whom D． that
11． All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs．
A． that B． those C． which D． what
12． I’ll tell you _____ he told me last week．
A． all which B． what all C． that all D． all
13． This is the biggest laboratory _____ we have ever built in our school．
A． which B． what C． where D． /
14． Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn?
A． that B． / C． which D． it
15． Is there anything _____ to you?
A． that is belonged B． that belongs C． that belong D． which belongs
16． His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____ family was poor．
A． that B． which C． who’s D． whose
17． Please pass me the dictionary _____ cover is black．
A． which B． which of C． its D． whose
18． He is the only one of the boys who _____ the piano well．
A． plays B． play C． playing D． are playing
19． He asked me _____ I needed．
A． that B． which C． what D． /
20． That scientist _____ work is successful has been made a model worker．
A． which B． who C． who’s D． whose
21． Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day?
A． that B． where C． in which D． the one
22． Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday?
A． that B． where C． in which D． the one
23． —How do you like the book?
—It’s quite different from _____ I read last month．
A． that B． which C． the one D． the one what
24． The train _____ she was traveling was late．
A． which B． where C． on which D． in that
25． Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round．
A． which B． where C． that D． about which
26． It’s the third time _____ late this month．
A． that you arrived B． when you arrived C． that you’ve arrived D． when you’ve arrived
27． He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies．
A． whom B． who C． when D． because
28． I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing．
A． as B． that C． which D． than
29． He is not _____ a fool _____．
A． such；as he is looked B． such；as he looks C． as；as he is looked D． so；as he looks
30． I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker．
A． who B． what C． which D． whom
31． My father has made me _____ I am．
A． who B． which C． what D． that
32． He is my son， _____ a better son does not exist．
A． but B． than who C． against whom D． than whom
33． Wrestling is a sport _____ you try to get the other person down on the floor．
A． that B． where C． which D． in which
34． It was in the lab _____ was taken charge of by Prof． Harris _____ they did the experiment．
A． which；that B． that；where C． whom；that D． which；where
35． Your shoes are _____．
A． where they were B． the place you put C． in the corner that you put D． there where they are
初中英语定语从句练习题参考答案及解析
中考范例
1. 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。
2. 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。
3. 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适
4. 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。
练习答案
1. A. which用作关系代词， 在定语从句中作主语。
2．C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3. D. where是关系副词，表 示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4. C. when是关系副词，表示 时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6．C. 解析同第5题。 7. A. 解析见第3题。
8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其 谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能 用that。
10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.
12. D. with whom引导 定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.
15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16. D. such……… as是 固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.
17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.
18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放 在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.
19. C. as引导定语从句时通常 构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其 前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先 行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.
21. D. who引导非限制性定语 从句,who作从句的主语.
22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系 代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
24. A. whose title引 导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which
25. A. for which 引 导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for "以……..而闻名".
26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.
27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的 关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
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