新课标人教版八年级英语下册Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.doc

Unit 4 He said I was hard-working
Teaching goals：
1. The usage of direct/indirect speech.
2. Master the past tense.
Difficult points：
1. Direct Speech: the definition
e.g.
Mother told me, “You should finish your homework first, and then you can go out and play with your friends.”
They said, “We want to have a rest.”
Reported Speech/Indirect Speech:
e.g.
Mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends.
They said they wanted to have a rest.
2. 当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，told等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况：
1） 现在时间推移到过去时间
所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，现在完成时变成过去完成时。例如：
She said, “I am hungry.”
－> She said (that) she was hungry.
He said, “The family are fighting among themselves.”
－> He said (that) the family were fighting among themselves.
Tom said, “I have found what’s wrong with the computer.”
－> Tom said he had found what was wrong with the computer.
在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变，即：
a）当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时：
He said,“The word‘laser’is an acronym（首字母缩略词）.”
－> He said the word‘laser’is an acronym.
b）当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时：
“I’m forty,” he said.
－> He said he is forty.
c）当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时：
He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go.”
－> He said it must be pretty late, and he really must go.
He said, “You mustn’t smoke in the room.”
－> He said I mustn’t smoke in the room.
2）过去时间推移到过去的过去
这里需要注意以下几点：
a）强调动作或状态先于引述动词时，一般过去时要变成过去完成体。例如：
He said, “I didn’t know you.”
－> He said he hadn’ t known me.
当“过去的过去” 已经不言自明，或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现，或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时，一般过去时形式可以不变。例如：
Ann said, “She was born in 1981.”
－> Ann said she was born in 1981.
b）过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时，也可以不变。例如：
Robert said, “I was joking with Mary.”
－> Robert said he had been joking with Mary.
Robert said he was joking with Mary.
c）过去完成时仍为过去完成时，不需改变。例如：
He said, “We hadn’t returned to the store when she came.”
－> He said they hadn’ t returned to the store when she came.
d）时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变。例如：
John said, “When I lived in London I often saw Jane.”
－> John said when he lived in London he had often seen Jane.
John said when he lived in London he often saw Jane.
3）将来时间推移到过去将来时间
最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。例如：
He said, “We’re spending next weekend at home.”
－> He said they were spending the next weekend at home.
She said, “The milk will go off（变质）if you don’t drink it today.”
－> She said the milk would go off if I didn’t drink it that day.
They said, “We’re going to Hawaii this summer vacation.”
－> They said they were going to Hawaii that summer vacation.
但是，在引述时，如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间，那么，可以不推移到过去将来时间。例如：
He said, “I’ll be waiting for you tomorrow.”
－> He said he will be waiting for me tomorrow.
4）人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化
由上面的例子可以看出，当直接引语变成间接引语时，除动词时态变化外，人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等通常也作相应的变化。
a）人称代词，除引述本人原话外，通常第一、二人称变为第三人称，或者第二人称变为第一人称；限定词也作相应的变化。例如：
He said, “We love our country.”
－> He said they love their county.
b）指示代词this，these分别变成that/it，those/they或them；指示限定词this，those通常变为that，those或the。例如：
“This house is very expensive,” she said.
－> She said that house was very expensive.
The children came back with two wallets and said, “We picked these up on the pavement.”
－> The children came back with two wallets and said they had picked them up on the pavement.
c）时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况：
i）时间状语和动词时态两者都变。例如：
He said, “It was completes a year ago.”
－> He said it had been completed a year before.
ii）时间状语不变，动词时态可变可不变。例如：
She said, “We left Paris at 8 a.m.”
－> She said they had left Paris at 8 a.m.
She said they left Paris at 8 a.m.
iii）时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定，如果引述时间和说话时间（如同一年、同一月、同一天等），时间状语可不变。例如：
Mr. Black said, “We started learning Chinese last month.”
－> Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese last month. （同一月引述）
－> Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese the previous month. （可在同一月引述，也可不在同一月引述）
时间状语在间接引语中的变化规则如下：
直接引语 间接引语
today that day
this morning/afternoon, etc. that morning/afternoon, etc.
yesterday the day before, the previous day
(the) day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day, the following day
(the) day after tomorrow two days after, in two days’ time
next week/month, etc. the next week/month, etc.
last week/month the week/month before
now then
d）地点状语here通常变为there；但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用here，也可用具体地点代替here。例如：
She said, “I first met your brother here.”
－> She said she first met my brother there.
“Are the children here?” Father asked.
－> Father asked whether the children were here.
好了，让我们来检查一下这些知识点的掌握情况。

请将下面的直接引语变成间接引语：
1. The plumber said, “I can’t fix the bathtub today because I’m sick”
____________________________________________________
2. Grandma said, “Grandpa is feeling much better today.”
____________________________________________________
3. Mr. and Mrs. Davis said, “We won’t be able to come to dinner this Saturday night.”
____________________________________________________
4. The landlord said, “I haven’t received this month’s rent yet.”
____________________________________________________
5. Cousin Sue said, “I’m sorry I didn’t have time to come over and visit last Saturday.”
____________________________________________________
6. Uncle Harry said, “I’ll call back later.”
____________________________________________________
7. The neighbors across the street said, “We were robbed last night!”
____________________________________________________
8. Sally said, “I’m at my friend Juliet’s house now.”
____________________________________________________
9. Mother said, “Your sister and brother-in-law are going to have a baby.”
____________________________________________________
10. Aunty said, “There was a big fire at the high school.”
____________________________________________________
请用第三人称转述下面三封电子邮件。
1. Subject: Mother’s Day
In Italy we celebrate the Mother’s day on the 2nd Sunday of May, that’s why students don’t go to school and adults are not at work. Sons and daughters usually give their mother a little present like flowers, chocolates or a piece of costume jewelry.
Elisabetta from Italy

2. Subject: Father’s Day
I believe Father’s Day occurs on the third Sunday of June. We use it to give our fathers a chance to rest and relax, and do things they enjoy, such as fishing, golf, etc. They need a break!
Usually my family will buy Dad a card, take him to eat and play.
From the United States by Melissa

3. Subject: Christmas
On the Christmas Eve we dance around the Christmas tree and Saint Nicolaus. In my family we eat Porridge in the evening and we have a Christmas tree in the living room. In the Christmas tree we have candles and other decorations like red golden balls and red hearts.
From Sweden by Gresa
参考答案：
1. The plumber said he couldn’t fix the bathtub that day because he was sick.
2. Grandma said Grandpa was feeling much better that day.
3. Mr. and Mrs. Davis said they wouldn’t be able to come to dinner that Saturday night.
4. The landlord said he hadn’t received that month’s rent yet.
5. Cousin Sue said she was sorry she hadn’t had time to come over and visit the previous Saturday.
6. Uncle Harry said he would call back later.
7. The neighbor across the street said they had been robbed the night before.
8. Sally said she was at her friend Juliet’s house then.
9. Mother said my sister and brother-in-law were going to have a baby.
10. Aunty said there had been a big fire at the high school.
1. Elisabetta from Italy said in Italy they celebrated the Mother’ s Day on the 2nd Sunday of May, and that was why students didn’t go to school and adults were not at work. She said sons and daughters usually gave their mother a little present like flowers, chocolates or a piece of costume jewelry.
2. Melissa from the United States said she believed Father’s Day occurred on the third Sunday of June. She said they used it to give their fathers a chance to rest and relax, and to do things they enjoy, such as fishing, golf, etc. She said they needed a rest.
Melissa also said usually her family would buy her father a card, take him to eat and play.
3. Gresa from Sweden said on the Christmas Eve they danced around the Christmas tree and Saint Nicolaus. She said in her family they eat Porridge in the evening and they had a Christmas tree in the living room. She also said in the Christmas tree they had candles and other decorations like red golden balls and red hearts.
学科：英语
教学内容：He said I was hard-working.
Title
He said I was hard-working
Topic
Telling a story
Functions
Report what someone said
Structures
Reported speech
Simple past tense
Can for ability
Target language
What did your math teacher say?
He said I was hard-working.
I can speak three languages.
What did she say?
She said she could speak three languages.
Vocabulary
hard-working, report card, can do better, speaking, listening
average, OK
Recycling
soap operas, party, surprise, house, drinks, snacks, lazy, beach, tomorrow
math, Spanish, history, science
Why…, I can …
Good
Friday, Saturday
Learning Strategies
Listening for key words
Self-evaluating

Words and Expressions:
(n. 名词 adj. 形容词 adv. 副词 v. 动词 prep. 介词 )
单词/短语
词性
词义
讲解与例句
report
v.
报道；报告
She reports directly to the board of directors. 她直接向董事会负责。
surprise
n.
惊奇
To my surprise, everyone passed the final exam.
令我惊奇的是，每个人都通过了考试。
mad
adj.
十分恼火的
be mad at对……非常恼火
She was mad with me for losing my keys.
她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。
however
adv.
无论如何
This book is expensive; however, it’s worth it. 这本书很贵，却很值。
message
n.
消息；信息
There’s a message for you from your cousin.你表兄给你捎来个口信。
response
n.
回答；答复
They make a quick response to my inquiry.
他们对我的询问很快做了答复。
suppose
v.
假定；认为
I suppose you are right. 我想你说得对。
We are not supposed to play football on Sundays. 不准我们在星期天踢足球。
hard-working
adj.
努力工作的
Everyone knows that he is hard-working.
每个人都知道他工作努力。
average
adj.
平常的；普通的
He is a man of average ability.
他是个能力一般的人。
end-of-year exam
n.
年终考试
He did well in the end-of-year exam.
他年终考试考得不错。
report card
n.
成绩报告单
Have you got your report card?
你拿到成绩报告单了吗？
nervous
adj.
紧张的
I felt very nervous when I went into his office.
走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。
envelope
n.
信封
Can you lend me an envelope?
可以借我一个信封吗？
luckily
adv.
幸运地
Luckily, the police came right now.
很幸运，警察马上就来了。
semester
n.
学期
As a senior three student, he is very busy this semester.
上高三了，他这学期特别忙。
lucky
adj.
幸运的
Seven is my lucky number.
7是我的幸运数字。
start
v.
使开始；引起
It started raining. 开始下雨了。
get over
v.
恢复；克服
It took me a long time to get over my cold.
我的感冒过了很久才好。
Can we get over this difficulty?
我们能克服这个困难吗？

Words and Expressions from the Reading:

单词/短语
词性
词义
讲解与例句
foreign
adj.
外国的
Do you have foreign teachers in your school?
你们学校有外教吗？
Prefer
v.
宁愿；较喜欢
He prefers doing to talking.
他喜欢做而不喜欢说。
Do you prefer coffee or tea?
你喜欢咖啡还是茶？
choose
v.
选择；挑选
He chose not to go abroad until later.
他决定晚点出过。
Whom shall we choose for our school football team leader?
我们该选谁当学校足球队长？
impressive
adj.
给人印象深刻的
an impressive Olympic Games
给人印象深刻的奥运会
exotic
adj.
来自外国的
It is an exotic word. 那是个外来词。
contact
n.
接触；交往
Please maintain a close contact.
请保持密切联系。
communicate
v.
联络；交流
He seldom communicates with others.
他很少与人交流。
change
v.
变化；改变
You have changed a lot during these years.
这些年你变了很多。
present
n.
现在；目前
At present, he is on holiday.
目前，他在度假。

Sentences and Phrases (句型与词组)
Grammar Focus
Direct speech
Reported speech
I am mad at Marcia.
She said she was mad at Marcia.
I am having a party for Lana.
She said she was having a party for Lana.
I go to the beach every Saturday.
He said he went to the beach every Saturday.
I will call you tomorrow.
He told me he would call me tomorrow.
I can speak three languages.
She said she could speak three languages.

本单元重点：直接引语和间接引语，需要注意的是：直接引语变间接引语时，人称和时态要发生变化，时态得和主句的时态保持一致。

Sentences from the passage (重点句讲解)
I asked her why she wanted to do that, and she said that she had forgotten to do hers.
我问她为什么要那么做，她说她忘记做作业了。
forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 (还没有做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 (已经做过了)
e.g.
When you leave the classroom, don’t forget to turn off the lights.
离开教室时，别忘记关灯。
I forgot meeting him before. 我不记得以前见过他了。
类似的还有：
remember to do sth. 记得做某事 (还没有做)
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 (已经做过了)
e.g.
“Remember to finish your homework on time, Li Ming”, his mother said.
李明妈妈说，“记得按时完成作业。”
I remember telling this story for several times.
我记得这个故事给你讲过好几次了。

◆I said I didn’t think it was a good idea for her to copy my homework.
我说，抄我的作业并不是什么好事。
注意的think 用法：如果think 引导的宾语从句，其从句表示否定意思时，不是否定从句，而是否定主句。
e.g. 翻译下列句子：
我认为给你父亲说这件事的时机还不成熟。
I don’t think it is the right time for you to tell your father about that.
我认为他不是一个好演员。 I don’t think he is a good actor.
我认为你说的并不正确。 I don’t think you are right.

◆Yesterday she told me she was sorry she’ d gotten mad.
昨天她告诉我，她为自己当时生气而抱歉。

◆Nowadays, many students prefer using English names in a language classroom.
如今，许多学生喜欢在上语言课的时候用英文名字。
prefer的用法： prefer v. 更喜欢；宁愿
prefer sth. to sth. 喜欢……胜过……
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢……而不喜欢……
prefer to do rather than do 宁愿……而不愿……
e.g.
Do you prefer coffee or tea? 你喜欢咖啡还是茶？
He prefers talking to doing. 他喜欢说，却不喜欢做。
They prefer to die rather than surrender. 他们宁死不屈。

◆And for young people, having an English name is cool for them when they talk to their foreign pen pals.
而且对年轻人来说，有了英文名字，和笔友交谈时也很酷。
having an English name… 中having 是动词ing形式, 用来做主语。
e.g.

Getting up early every day is his good habit. 每天早起是他的习惯。
Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的运动。

◆Learning English and having English names are both popular in China. They are also important for China’s contact with the world.
学习英语，而且有英文名字在中国很流行。这些对中国和世界的接触也很重要。
contact的用法：
contact n. e.g.
be in contact with 和...接触， 有联系
They have been in contact with each other for five years.
他们互相保持联系已经有五年了。
She comes into contact with many people. 她和许多人有联系。

contact v. e.g.
She contacted me as soon as she arrived. 她一到就和我联系了。

◆On the other hand, some people who come to China choose Chinese names
另一方面，一些人来到中国，也起了中文名字。
on one hand 一方面…
on the other hand 另一方面…
e.g.
On one hand, he is a clever boy; on the other hand, he always makes his mother angry.
一方面，他是个聪明的孩子；可另一方面，他老惹母亲生气。

本周教学内容：Review of Unit 4
一、 直接引语转换间接引语中动词形式变化小结：
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
1. am/ is
1. was
2. are
2. were
3. have/ has
3. had
4. do/ know/ want
4. did/ knew/ wanted
5. will
5. would
6. can
6. could
7. may
7. might
8. “I am bored,” he said.
8. He said he was bored.
9.