英语专业四级词汇辨析.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语专业四级词汇复习,一：专四词汇考试介绍,二：词汇题型类型,三：怎么记忆单词,1/108,PART Language Knowledge,分值20分,分值增加，题量降低，赚分题,原真题等材料仍可继续使用,2/108,PART Cloze,15选10填空，与大四六级题型一致,分值不变，题量降低，时间降低,对策：大四六级真题,3/108,样题,4/108,5/108,6/108,PART Writing,去掉note-writing,分值由15分变成20分,7/108,给出正方、反方观点，需要考生在第一段进行总结，在亮出自己观点，第一段总结占5分，自己观点占15分,8/108,题量大幅降低，原来100题降低至67，时间只相对少了5分钟,9/108,小作文一定注意格式,一定注意看清楚题目要求,多背一些句子,10/108,若是议论文，不论是哪一个类型，,一定注意在第一段写上主题句，概况全文观点,一定注意每一自然段要写上,衔接词,+,论点句,First+,一句完整话,Second+,一句完整话,一定注意结尾不要写太简单，要有一定深度,11/108,完型中词汇,定词性是关键,12/108,专四词汇考试,形近词辨析,固定搭配,近义词辨析,13/108,1.,形近词辨析,解题关键：借助词根词缀及上下文，多为同性词比较。,e.g.Representatives from the companies indicated that they should go on working together in _.,unity B.entity C.partners D.partnership,During the TV interview,the singer announced that he was going to _his new album soon.,release B.renew C.relieve D.rehearse,My cousin likes eating very much,but he isnt very_ about the food he eats.,A.special B.peculiar C.particular D.specific,14/108,2.,常见基本搭配和固定使用方法,Because of the strong sun the new sitting-room curtains have _ from dark blue to grey.,A.faintedB.paled C.bleached D.faded,Faint,昏倒,Pale,变苍白,Bleach,变白，漂白,Fade,逐步褪色,15/108,75.At first Jim was not quite clear what he was going to do after university,but now he seems _ on becoming a computer programmer.,A.fit B.set C.disposed D.decided,Fit,适当，,disposed,愿意，,decided,决定,Seem set on,决定做某事,16/108,66.When he first started in university,he really felt at _ with his major-economics.,A.shore B.bank C.ocean D.sea,Feel at sea=feel at a loss,68.Sally was a bit shy,but the teacher found her quite _ discussing a recent film with others.,A.at home B.at most C.at house D.at bean,Feel at home=feel free,17/108,Isnt it time you _ some serious work before the examination?,A.got down to B.took up with,C.got off with D.put down to,Get down to,认真着手进行,Take up with,同意、采纳,Get off with,从轻发落,Put down to,归因于,69.The company has capitalized _ the error of judgment made by its business competitor.,A.in B.over C.with D.on,Capitalize on=take advantage of,make profit from,18/108,3.,近义词辨析,这是专四常考内容，仅,08,年就考了,10,个,通常是经过上下文关系、判定词性（及物不及物）等来做题,轻易犯错单词,：拼写相同、意义相近,Shortly after the boat docked,the passengers _.,A.dismountedB.disembarked,C.dispersedD.discharged,Dismount,从马上或车上下来,;Disembark,下船上岸,;Disperse,分散、散开,;Discharge,从船上卸下货,19/108,74.First,we need to find out what his scheme is,and then act _.,A.sensitively B.imaginatively,C.efficiently D.accordingly,Sensitively,敏感地，,imaginatively,富有想象力，,efficiently,高效，,accordingly,对应,上下文,20/108,77.In spite of the treatment,the pain in his leg grew in _.,A.gravity B.extentC.intensity D.amount,（事情、事态）严重性,主要,（感情、感受）强烈，猛烈,78.Bus services between Town Centre and Newton Housing Estate will be _ until the motorway is repaired.,discontinued B.suspended,C.halted D.ceased,中止,/,放弃,，暂停，立定，停顿行进,/,停顿,21/108,79.The moon,being much nearer to the Earth than the Sun,is the _ cause of the tides.,A.principalB.basic C.initialD.elementary,主要，基本，最初，初级,/,基本,80.Teddy came to my _ with a check of$200 to pay my room rate,after I phoned him that my wallet had been stolen.,A.attendance B.assistance,C.rescue D.safety,Come to ones rescue,前来营救,22/108,可见，专四尤其重视对基础词汇测试，或是词辨析和比较，或是词搭配，或惯用词组。,23/108,Deduce,reduce,reproduce,Deduce:,推论,演绎,On the basis of evidence we deduced that he was guilty.,依据这些证据我们推断他是有罪。,Reduce,：降低,;,降低,He wont reduce the rent of our house.,他不愿降低我们住房租金。,Reproduce,：复制，繁殖,Rabbits reproduce quickly.,兔子繁殖速度很快。,24/108,compose,dispose,propose,These twelve men are believed to,_ the jury.,He _ his books on the shelves.,They _ to make arrangement beforehand.,25/108,compose,dispose,propose,Compose,：组成,组成,创作,These twelve men are believed to compose the jury.,陪审团是由这,12,人组成。,Dispose,处理,;,布置,He disposed his books on the shelves.,把书籍排列在书架上。,Propose,：提议，求婚,They proposed to make arrangement beforehand.,他们提议事先做好安排。,26/108,radius,radium,radiate,He has visited every shop within a _ of two miles.,The sun _ light and heat.,_can be used to treat cancer.,27/108,radius,radium,radiate,Radius:,半径,He has visited every shop within a radius of two miles.,周围两英里以内店铺他都去过。,Radium,：,化,镭,Radium can be used to treat cancer.,镭能够用来治疗癌症。,Radiate,：发射出,(,光、热等,),，向四面伸出,The sun radiates light and heat.,太阳散发光和热。,28/108,Statue,status,Statue:,雕像,Statue of Liberty,自由女神,Status,：地位、身份；情形、情况,Age has status in the villages.,在乡村里年长者受人尊敬。,29/108,Affect,defect,effect,infect,Affect:,影响,The increases of tax have affected us all.,加税已经影响了我们全部人。,Defect:,缺点、瑕疵,We must correct our defects as soon as possible.,Effect,：效果、影响,When does the new law,come into effect,?,新法律何时生效？,Infect,：感染、影响,Marys high spirits infected all the girls in the class.,玛丽兴致感染了全班女孩,30/108,Conserve,deserve,observe,preserve,Conserve:,保护,保藏,保留,Conserve your energy,youll need it!,保留你精力,你会用得着！,Deserve:,应受，值得,What crime have they committed to deserve such cruelty?,他们犯了什么错，竟遭如此处罚？,Observe,：观察，研究；对待；遵照,He observes carefully but says little.,他总是仔细观察,极少说话。,Preserve,：保护；维持,We must preserve our natural resources.,我们必须保护自然资源。,31/108,spontaneous,simultaneous,We need a _ interpreter.,To be thoroughly enjoyed,reading must be entirely _.,32/108,spontaneous,simultaneous,Spontaneous:,自发，无意识,To be thoroughly enjoyed,reading must be entirely spontaneous.,一个人读书必须出其自然，才能够彻底享受读书乐趣。,Simultaneous,：同时发生,We need a simultaneous interpreter.,我们需要一个同声翻译。,33/108,scare,sacred,scarce,scare,：,v.,恐吓；,adj.,吓人,They ll scare her out of telling the police.,她们要把她吓得不敢报警。,sacred,神圣，不可 冒犯,In Africa the snake is still sacred with many tribes.,非洲许多部落仍认为蛇是不可冒犯。,scarce,缺乏,The food was scarce during the war.,战争期间食物短缺。,34/108,Instinct,distinct,extinct,instinct,本能,The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.,那个绝望小男孩模样唤起了她母性。,distinct,清楚，截然不一样,two entirely distinct languages,extinct,灭绝，消逝,Nothing could remind her of her extinct passion.,她激情已逝,不会心回意转。,35/108,adapt,adopt,adept,adapt,是动词，其意为“改编，改变,以适应”。,All life is about changeyou either adapt or die.,生命在于改变,要么适应要么死亡。,adopt,也是动词，其意为“收养，采纳，采取”。,The,resolution was adopted by an overwhelming majority.,决议以压倒多数经过。,adept,是形容词，其意为“擅长，有技巧”。,Unfortunately,I am more adept at spending money than making it.,不幸是，我花钱本事远远大于我挣钱本事,36/108,altitude,aptitude,attitude,latitude,altitude 高度,海拔(an altitude of 20,000 meters above sea level海拔20,000米）,aptitude 才能,智力,倾向,习性,attitude 态度,看法,latitude 纬度(longitude经度),37/108,abandon;desert;forsake;quit;give up,At fourteen he ran away and _1_ his home and friend.,forsook,He _2_ his wife and went away with all their money.,abandoned,The fort had been hurriedly _3_.,deserted,You must _4_ smoking,or you wont survive.,Give up,One friend of mine has decided to _5_ his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently.,quit,38/108,抛弃，放弃,abandon,指完全、永远地放弃，尤其指对其负有责任或义务者，或者放弃一个项目或计划。,desert,强调有意违反自己义务、责任或誓言等，,或者指离开某地,forsake,指遗弃以前所爱人或事物，着重于断绝情感上依恋,也可指不情愿离开,quit,强调突然或出其不意放弃，普通指“停顿”,give up,多用于口头，表示停顿做某事,.,39/108,Abolish;cancel;eliminate,The flight to Tokyo is _1_ because of the storm.,Cancelled,We must _2_ unnecessary expense.,eliminate,President Lincoln worked to _3_ slavery.,Abolish,40/108,废除，取消,abolish,指完全消除某项,旧制度、法律或旧风俗,等,cancel,指某人,因某种意想不到原因,而暂时取消事前所决定事,eliminate,指淘汰或取消,不需要东西,41/108,exact;correct;precise;accurate,_,1_ dress for some ceremonies is necessary for those who always attend them.,correct,Is your watch _2_?I suppose its 10 minutes slow.,accurate,Keep this _3_ instrument away from insolation,（暴晒）,and aquosity,（潮湿）,.,precise,I cant tell you the _4_ date,but it should be,around,Oct.20,exact,42/108,准确，准确,exact,:giving all details correctly,确切（细节完整，没有遗漏）,What were his exact words?,Accurate:,correct in every detail,准确,；准确（,细节正确，没有错误,）,The novel wasnt intended to be historically accurate.,43/108,correct,正确,，指合乎一定标准或规矩，没有错误,precise,精密,，指含有高度准确性和准确性,44/108,Mary hopes to be _ from hospital next week.,A.dismissed,B.discharged,C.expelled,D.resigned,B,45/108,dismiss,-end the employment or service of;allow to leave:,be dismissed from school service/class,discharge,-release,as from confinement,care,or duty:,discharge a patient;discharge a soldier;,be discharged from hospital military service/from prison,46/108,expel,-force to leave;deprive of membership:,be expelled from a country school,resign,-give up(a position,for example),especially by formal notification:,resign from cabinet committee,47/108,range,reach,scope,compass,scale,The bird now came within my _,of vision,.,range,Keep the pills,out of_ the of,the children!,reach,Is Romanticism in the of your book?,scope,Construction is not within_ the of the department,compass,This thermometer has two_marked on it,one in Fahrenheit and the other in Centigrade,scales,48/108,range,reach,scope,compass,scale,这是一组表示“范围”名词，其侧重点各有不一样。,range,代表是一个,能够测量范围,，在这个范围内包含一系列可改变数量。,range,还特指,视力、听力所能到达距离和枪炮射程,。,reach,特指伸手可到达距离或非常近距离，其比喻含义指,能力、权力、影响等可到达范围,。,scope,指人们所处理、研究事物“范围”以及所掌握、控制“面积”。,scope,比喻含义指是所掌握知识宽度，即“,眼界，见识,”。,compass,在意义上与,scope,相同，是正式用语，表示活动、兴趣、能力“界限，范围”。,scale,特指,刻度、标度范围,，也指品级、级别规模和大小范围：,49/108,edge,border,rim,verge,这组词皆有“边，边缘”之意。,edge,通常指某物一边,边线,、两个平面交界限以及各种界限，特指处于不利状态下边缘。,border,意为“,边界，边境，国境,”，也能够指装饰周围“边”。,50/108,rim,意思是“边，边缘”，尤指,圆形或近似圆形物体边缘,。,verge,特指道路、花坛等长着草“边缘”。,51/108,This is the north,edge,of the field.,这是这块地北边线。,The plane flew across the,border,.,飞机飞越了边境。,He wears a pair of spectacles with gold,rims,.,他戴一副金丝边眼镜。,She was,on the verge of,speaking out the secret.,她差点儿把秘密说出来。,52/108,恼怒,annoy,指因为,被迫忍受,某种不愉快甚至讨厌事情而失去耐心或从容,(,be annoyed at/by sth.be annoyed with sb.,对某人,/,某事很生气,),furious,狂怒,(,be furious with sb.be furious at/about sth,对某人,/,某事大发雷霆,),53/108,indignant,强调是愤恨,愤慨,愤愤不平,irritate,指一再,打搅,某人,终于使其失去耐心而发怒,.,provoke,激怒,(,人,动物,),使生气,(provoke sb.to do/into doing.,刺激某人做某事,),54/108,admit,allow,permit,approve,使用方法区分,1.admit意思是“,同意进入,，允许进入”（,经常与to连用,）。,Latecomers will not be admitted until the interval.,迟到者在休息时间方可入场,2.allow泛指“,普通性同意,，允许”。,Passengers are not allowed to smoke.乘客不得吸烟,。,55/108,3.permit 惯用来表示“,上下级之间允许,，同意”,The prisoners were permitted two hours exercise a day.,允许犯人天天有两小时户外活动。,4.approve主要意思是“,同意（条文，协议等）,，赞同,”（常与of连用）。,I approve of your trying to earn some money,but please dont neglect your studies.,我同意你去挣一些钱，可是请不要误了功课,56/108,sense,sensitive,sensible,sensational,Sense:,感觉，感官,Sensitive,：敏感,Do not be sensitive!,57/108,Sensible,：明智，理性,That seems to be a sensible idea.,那似乎是个明智主意。,Sensational,：轰动性，耸人听闻,Newspaper reports the incident sensational,makes it appear worse than it really be.,报纸大肆渲染这件事，描述得更不像话。,58/108,Sb+Regretful 后悔,She was regretful.,Sth+Regrettable 令人遗憾,The matter was really regrettable.,59/108,bright,clever,wise,brilliant,intelligent,ingenious,smart,shrewd,1.bright:,口语惯用词，多指年轻人，,尤指小孩思绪灵敏，了解力强，灵巧等。,A bright boy learns quickly.,2.clever:,强调头脑灵活，接收新事物快，有智有谋，但不一定暗示全方面妥当地考虑问题。,He was too clever.,他太精明了,60/108,3.wise:,侧重不是普通聪明伶俐，,而是有远见，有智慧，能明智地处理问题。,Wise men learn by other mens mistakes.,61/108,4.brilliant:,指人,才华出众,，思绪灵敏，常令人赞叹不已。,Einstein had a brilliant brain.,爱因斯坦有一个才气纵横头脑。,5.intelligent:,正式用词,，指在了解新、抽象东西或处理处理问题时，,智力超出普通常人。,All human beings are much more intelligent than animal.,。,62/108,6.ingenious:,指思绪灵敏，,并暗示有创造与创造才能和技巧。,The ingenious boy made a radio set for himself.,63/108,7.smart:,普通用词，与,bright,和,clever,意思很相近，但更强调,灵巧,。,He is a smart businessman.,8.shrewd:,指,精明老练,，有头脑，善于判断，把握有利机会。,His answer to the journalist is a shrewd one.,64/108,惯用动词词组,动词词组,1,）常跟动名词动词,abandon,、,deny,、,escape,、,evade,、,feel like,、,mind,、,regret,、,resume,、,stop,、,detest,、,finish,、,resist,、,risk,、,suggest,、,delay,、,miss,、,anticipate,、,admit,to spend time doing,、,cant help doing,、,Its no use doing,65/108,2,）跟,for,动词搭配及词组,admire sb for doing,apologize for doing,criticize sb for doing,forgive sb for doing,have a gift for doing,blame sb for doing,66/108,find an excuse for doing,have a talent for doing,have a reason for doing,punish sb for doing,reward sb for doing,67/108,3,）,From,词组,benefit from doing,dissuade sb from doing,discourage sb from doing,get pleasure from doing,prohibit sb from doing,prevent sb from doing,protect sb from doing,68/108,Of 词组,approve of doing同意干某事,boast of doing吹嘘干某事,complain of doing埋怨干某事,deprive sb of doing剥夺某人干某事权力,despair of doing对干某事绝望,69/108,dream of doing,find a means of doing,have no intention of doing,suspect sb of doing,have the likelihood of doing,run the risk of doing,have the responsibility of doing,70/108,5)with,词组,agree with doing,content oneself with doing,credit sb.with doing,reproach sb.with doing,threaten sb.with doing,put up with doing,71/108,6,）,in,at,词组,believe in doing,make progress in doing,preserve in doing,succeed in doing,take delight in doing,take the initiative in doing,smile at doing,frown at doing,72/108,7,）跟介词,to,词组,adjust oneself to doing,adapt oneself to doing,apply oneself to doing,become addicted to doing,expose oneself to doing,confine oneself to doing,devote oneself to doing,object to doing,73/108,8）跟动词不定式,arrange,attempt,fail,endeavor,promise,refuse,manage,pretend,volunteer,take pains to do,make up ones mind to do,take the trouble to do,74/108,记忆单词要注意三个问题,第一贵在坚持,第二经过词组、句子学习单词,第三必须做到口、耳、眼、手、脑并用。就是说要听、说、读、写记单词。,75/108,词汇记忆方法,-,词根词缀法,这个方法基于英语单词构词法，靠分解单词来记忆。每个英语单词都能够分解成一个关键词根，和前缀或后缀。,在,view(,看法、景色,),这个单词基础上，加上表示“再一次”前缀,re,，就是“复习”意思；加上表示“人物”后缀,er,，就有“观众、探视器”等意思。这是一个比较高效率记忆方法，认识一个词缀就会帮助你认识很多单词，做到举一反三。但前提是，你必须先学习和掌握一定词根、词缀意义。,76/108,词根,是单词根本部分，表示单词基本意义，是同根词共有能够识别出来部分。,E.g.,structure,（结构、结构）、,construct,（构筑、建造）、,reconstruct,（重建）、,superstructure,（上层建筑）,等单词中，词根“,struct,”表示“建造”,77/108,Phone,（声音）,Telephone,Headphone,（戴在头上耳机）,Earphone,Microphone,Phonetic,Phonology,Cacophony,（不友好音、杂音）,78/108,Dict,（说）,Dictate,（口授）,Dictation,（听写）,Verdict,（判决）,Contradict,（反对，提出不一样意见）,Diction,（措词）,Dictionary,（）,79/108,Port,（搬运）,Porter,Transport,Portable(,手提式,),Deport,（驱逐）,Export,（出口）,import,80/108,prefix,加在词根或单词前面成份，改变词义但不变词类。英语中惯用造词能力较强前缀有,15,个。据统计，在两万个惯用词中，约有,1/4,是重复使用这些前缀，所以要熟记这些前缀。依据意义能够分为九类：,81/108,1.,表示否定意义,dis-,in-(il-,ir-,im),non-,un-,Disloyal,disobey;injustice,illegal,irresistible,immature;non-smoker,non-classical;unfair,unwilling,，,82/108,2.,表示逆向意义,De-,dis-,un-,Decentralize,（分散，下放权力）,decompose,（分解）,;disunite,（分离，分裂）,disallow,（不接收，不准，驳回）,;unhorse,（跌下马来）,unwrap,（打开）,83/108,3.,表示贬义,Mal-,mis,pseudo-,Maltreat,（虐待）,malpractice,（玩忽职守）,;misconduct,（行为不正）,mistrust,（不信任，怀疑）,;pseudo-friend,（假朋友）,pseudo-science,（伪科学）,84/108,4.,表示程度、大小,Arch-,extra-,hyper-,macro-,micro-,mini-,out-,over-,sub-,super-,sur-,ultra-,under-,Archbishop;extrastrong;hyperactive;macrocosmos(universe);microcomputer;mini-skirt,85/108,5.,表示倾向和态度,Anti-,contra-,counter-,pro-,Anti-nuclear,anti-government;contra-flow,（一条车辆对开路）,;pro-student,（站在学生一边）,pro-democracy,（支持民主）,86/108,6.,表示方位,Extra-,fore-,inter-,tele-,trans-,Extraordinary,extramarital,（婚姻外）,;forehead,forearm,（前臂）,;inter-city,（城市之间）,inter-personal,（人际）,interparty,（党内）,;telecommunication,（电讯）,;trans-world,（全世界）,transcontinental,（跨州）,87/108,7.,表示时间和次序,Ex-,fore-,post-,pre-,re-,Ex-professor,ex-student,（历届生）,;foretell,（预告）,foreknowledge,（先知）,;postelection,（选举后）,;pre-prepared,（预先准备）,;reconsider,88/108,8.,表示数字,Bi-,multi-(poly-),semi-(hemi-),tri-,uni-(mono-),Bicycle,bilingual,multi-purpose,polysyllable,semi-naked,（半裸体）,hemisphere,tricycle,uni