机械工程英语part2.unit8.doc

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What Is FMS?
什么是柔性制造系统？
United States Government. A series of automatic machine tools or items of fabrication equipment linked together with an automatic material handling system, a common hierarchical digital preprogrammed computer control, and provision for random fabrication of parts or assemblies that fall within predetermined families.
美国政府，一系列自动机床或自动材料处理系统，一个共同的分层预先设定的数字电脑控制，并随机制造的零件或装配，在预定的家庭内的条文，一并与设备制造项目。
Kearney and Trecker. A FMS is a group of NC machine tools that can randomly process a group of parts, having automated material handling and central computer control to dynamically balance resource utilization so that the system can adapt automatically to changes in parts production, mixes, and levels of output.
Kearney和Trecker。FMS的是一组可以随意处理组一个零件，材料处理，具有自动监测和中央计算机资源利用率，动态的平衡系统，因此系统能自动地适应在零件生成、产品的品种组成和输出方面的变化。
FMS is a randomly loaded automated system based on group technology manufacturing linking integrated computer control and a group of machines to automatically produce and handle (move) parts for continuous serial processing.
FMS是一种可随意地指定任务的自动化系统，基于成组技术的计算机集成制造控制和连接一组机器，生产和自动处理（移动）连续串行处理的部分。
FMS combines microelectronics and mechanical engineering to bring the economics of scale to batch work.
FMS结合微电子技术和机械工程带来的经济规模批量工作。
A central on-line computer controls the machine tools, other workstations, and the transfer of components and tooling.
A厂上线计算机控制机床，其他工作站，零部件和模具的转移。
The computer also provides monitoring and information control.
电脑还提供了监测和信息控制。
This combination of flexibility and overall control makes possible the production of a wide range of products in small numbers.
这种灵活性和控制整体组合使一个小数字产品的广泛生产。
A process under control to produce varieties of components or products within its stated capability and to a predetermined schedule.
一个过程监控下的部件或产品的品种出现在STI表示能力和预定的时间表。
A technology which will help achieve leaner factories with better response times, lower unit costs, and higher quality under an improved level of management and capital control.
一种将帮助精良工厂获得较快的加工时间的技术，并且具有较低的单位成本和更高的质量管理水平的提高和资本控制。
Regardless of how broadly or narrowly FMS is defined, several key items emerge as critical to a general definition of FMS, and repeat themselves through a cross-section of standard definitions.
无论多么狭义，或FMS的定义非常广泛，出现了FMS的一般定义，标准定义截面，重复自己的几个关键项目的关键。
Words like NC machine tools, automatic material handling system, central computer controlled, randomly loaded, linked together and flexible all serve to help define a very general description and definition of FMS.
如数控机床，自动材料处理系统，中央计算机控制随机加载的话，所有的联系在一起灵活和服务，以帮助确定FMS的一个非常普遍的描述和定义。
Flexible manufacturing affords users the opportunity to react quickly to changing product types, mixes, and volumes while providing increased utilization and predictable control over hard assets.
FMS能提供使用者快速改变产品类型，混合料，并提供量增加，而控制利用率和可预见的硬资产，机会作出反应。
Although FMS provides users with many benefits, they are not easy to justify.
虽然与柔性制造系统的用户提供了很多好处，他们是不容易自圆其说。
Limitations and alternatives must be weighed and compared to determine if FMS is the best or event he right approach to productivity and profitability improvements.
限制和替代品，必须权衡和比较，以确定是否FMS是我的权利或生产率和盈利能力的方法改善最好的事件。
Basically, an FMS is make up of hardware and software elements. Hardware elements are visible and tangible such as CNC machine tool, pallet queuing carrousels (part parking lots), material handling equipment (robots or automatic guided vehicles), central chip removal and coolant systems, tooling systems, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), part cleaning stations, and computer hardware equipment.
基本上，FMS是弥补硬件和软件元素。硬件元素是可见的有形和数控机床，托盘排队旋转系列（部分停车场），物料搬运设备（机器人或自动导引车），中央芯片和冷却剂清除系统，工具系统，三坐标测量机（CMM）的一部分，清洗站，计算机硬件设备。
Software elements are invisible and intangible such as NC programs, traffic management software, tooling information, CMM program work order files, and sophisticated FMS software.
软件元素是无形的和无形的，如交通管理软件，数控程序，工装信息，CMM程序的工作秩序文件，和先进的FMS软件。
A typical FMS layout and its major identifiable components can be seen in Fig. 8. 1 .
图8可以看出，在一个典型的柔性制造系统布局，其主要识别组件。
Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems
自动存储和检索系统
In the 1950s, a revolutionary concept in material handling was pioneered in the United States called automated storage and retrieval.
在20世纪50年代，在物料搬运革命的概念是在美国首创的自动存储和检索调用。
At the time, this concept of high-rise, high-density storage and retrieval was considered a radical change in inventory management and control, rather than a revolutionary breakthrough.
当时，这种高层，高密度存储和检索的概念被认为是彻底改变了库存管理和控制，而不是一个革命性的突破。
Automated storage and retrieval systems, commonly referred to as ASRSs, are automated inventory-handling systems designed to replace manual and remote-control systems.
自动存储和检索系统，通常被称为为ASRSs，自动化的库存处理系统设计，以取代手动和远程控制系统。
Typically, they contain tall, vertical storage racks, narrow aisles, and stacker cranes and are coupled with some type of computer control.
通常情况下，它们含有高大，垂直存储机架，狭窄的过道，堆垛起重机，加上一些类型的计算机控制。
For the most part, ASRSs are strictly warehouse tools that track incoming material and components, store parts, tools, and fixtures, and retrieve them when necessary.
在大多数情况下，ASRSs仓库工具是严格跟踪传入的材料和部件，存储部件，工具和夹具，检索他们necesario。
The goal of an automated storage and retrieval system is to deliver the right material to the right place at the right time.
自动存储和检索系统的目标是在正确的时间正确的地点提供合适的材料。
Material is held in storage and then issued to the point of use as close to the time of use as possible.
材料是在存储，然后举行分至使用点尽可能接近使用时间。
Automated storage and retrieval systems store standard-sized pallets of material, and they have aisles that divide the storage racks.
自动存储和检索系统存储材料标准尺寸的托盘，和他们有过道划分存储机架。
In each aisle is an arm or crane, sometimes known as a stacker crane. The crane picks up a load from an input station, stores it in a computer-assigned location, and delivers it to an output station, as seen in Fig. 8.2.
在每个过道是一只手臂或起重机，有时作为堆垛机。起重机拿起从输入站的负荷，它存储在一台电脑指定的位置，并将它传递到输出站，在图8.2中看到。
Stacker cranes are rated in terms of vertical and horizontal movement in feet per second. Cranes are capable of simultaneous vertical and horizontal movement.
堆垛起重机的额定英尺每秒的纵向和横向运动。起重机能够同时进行垂直和水平运动。
Loads must be presented for crane movement within size, weight, and stability limits. Even if a load is within size and weight limits, an off-center load, for example, can still jam the crane.
必须出示起重机在大小，重量和稳定极限的运动负荷。即使负载的大小和重量的限制，偏离中心的负载，例如，仍然可以堵塞起重机内。
The principal benefits of automated storage and retrieval systems are:
自动存储和检索系统的主要优点是：
Improved inventory management and control
提高库存管理和控制
Reliable and immediate delivery
可靠和立即交货
Space efficiency
空间效率
Simplified and faster inventory response
简化和更快的库存的反应
Ability to operate in adverse environments
在不利环境的操作能力
Closed storage area to reduce pilferage
关闭存储区来减少偷盗
Reduced lost or misplaced parts,tools,and fixtures
降低丢失或错零件、工具和设备
Design flexibility to accommodate a wide range of loads降低丢失或容纳一个广泛的负载
FIve CNC machining centers,90 tools each.
五CNC加工中心每90名工具。
Fivetool interchange stations,one per machine,accepting tool delivery via cart.
五个工具交流站,每个机器,工具通过接受交付推车。
Three computer-controlled cars,with wire-guided path.
三个电脑控制的汽车的车射飞弹路径。
Cart maintenance ststion.
车维修车站。
Two automatic work changes,10pallets each,with dual load/unload positions with 90 tilt, 360 rotation.
两个自动工作也随之发生变化,10托盘每个位置的双重加载/卸载时调用90倾斜,360的旋转。
two material review stands, for on-demand part inspection.
对于需求的一部分检查，代表着两个材料进行审查，
inspection module,with horizontal arm coordinate measuring machine.
模块化检测，横臂坐标测量机。
Automatic part washing station.
自动零件清洗站。
Tool chain load/unload tool gage,and calibration gage stands.
工具链加载/卸载工具计，校准表座。
Elevated computer room, with DEC VAX 8200 central computer.
提升机房，带有DEC VAX 8200中央计算机系统。
Centralized chip/coolant collection/recovery system, with dual flume.
集中芯片/冷却液收集/恢复系统，双水槽。
Reduced labor costs.
降低劳动成本。
Accurate inventory and load loaction.
精确的库存和负载位置。
Inventory reductions (as a result of improved accuracy).
库存减少（由于改善精度）。
Increased utilization potential.
增加利用潜力。
Reduced scrap and rework (resulting from manual part movement damage).
减少废料和返工（手册造成运动伤害）。
Over the past several years, many companies have focused their attention on automated storage and retrieval systems as a means to solve existing warehouse problems.
在过去几年中，许多公司都集中在自动存储和检索系统作为一种手段来解决问题，现有仓库，他们的注意力。
In many cases, implementing an ASRS and other material movement systems has successfully reduced operating costs and gained control over the storage and retrieval process.
ASRS的和其他的材料，运动系统实现一个在许多情况下，已成功经营降低成本，并获得了存储和检索过程的控制。
However, business conditions and objectives determine the need for an ASRS, and a fully automated warehouse may be inappropriate for some businesses.
然而，企业经营状况和目标确定为ASRS的需要，和一个完全自动化的仓库，可能不适合一些企业。
Overall work flow and manufacturing processes must be clearly understood and known in order to determine part, tool, and fixture movement frequency, as well as maximum and minimum load sizes.
整体工作流程和制造工艺必须清楚地理解和已知的，以确定零件，工具，夹具的运动频率，以及最大和最小负载大小。
Flow to and from the areas that the ASRS is to serve should be kept clean and free of obstructions and waiting to be moved components.
到达或来自ASRS区域的物流应畅通无阻，没有等待被运物件的现象。
Automated Guided Vehicle(AGV)
自动搬运车(AGV)
An AGV is a computer-controlled, driverless vehicle used for transporting materials from point to point in a manufacturing setting.
一个小车是一个由电脑控制，无人驾驶车辆，用于运送材料在制造设定点从点到。
They represent a major category of automated materials handling devices.
它们代表了自动化材料处理设备的主要类别。
An AGV can be used for any all materials handling tasks from bringing in raw materials to moving finished products to the shipping dock.
AGV可用于任何所有材料处理任务，实现从原材料到移动成品装运底座的功能。
In any discussion of AGVs, three key terms are heard frequently:
在任何AGVS的讨论中，经常听到的三个关键术语：
1 guide path
1.引路
2 routing
2.路由
3 traffic management
3.交通管理
The term guide path refers to the actual path the AGV follows in making its rounds through a manufacturing plant.
长期引路指AVG通过一个制造工厂，及其轮的实际路径。
The guide path can be one of two types.
这份指南的路径可以是以下两种类型之一。
The first and oldest type is the embedded wire-guided path.
第一和最古老的类型是嵌入式的线导路径。
With this type, which has been in existence for over 20 years, the AGV follows a path dictated by a wire that is contained within a path that runs under the shop floor.
与此类型，它已存在了20多年的AGV如下口授了一个包含路径下运行的车间内的电线路径。
This is why the earliest AGVs were sometimes referred to as wire-guided vehicles.
这就是为什么有时被称为最早的年龄为线导车辆。
The more modern AGVs are guided by optical devices.
更现代的AGVS指导光学设备。
The term routing is also used frequently in association with AGVs.
长期路径也经常使用AGV的关联。
Routing has to do with the AGV’s ability to make decisions that allow it to select the appropriate route as it moves across the shop floor.
路由做AGV的能力作出决定，允许它选择合适的路线，因为它整个车间移动。
The final tem, traffic management devices such as stop signs, yield signs, caution lights, and stop lights are used to control traffic in such a way as to prevent collisions and to optimize traffic flow and traffic patterns.
最终温度，流量管理设备，如停止的迹象，产量标志，警示灯，停车灯，以这样的方式来控制流量，以防止碰撞和优化交通流量和交通模式。
This is also what traffic management means when used in the context of AGVs.
这也意味着用于AGVS范围内时的交通管理。
Rationale for Using AGVs
使用AGV的理由
Some manufacturing plants still use traditional materials to handle systems.
一些制造工厂仍使用传统材料处理系统。
Some use automated storage and retrieval systems, others use AGVs, and many use all of these together.
一些使用自动存储和检索系统，其他人使用AGV的，和许多使用所有这些在一起。
Manufacturing technology students should understand why manufacturing firm use AGVs.
制造技术的学生应该明白为什么制造公司使用AGV。
Five of the most frequently stated reasons are as follows:
五个最经常提到的原因如下：
Because they can be computer controlled, AGVs represent a flexible approach to materials handling.
(1) 因为他们可以是电脑控制，AGVS代表材料灵活的方式处理
AGVs decrease labor costs by decreasing the amount of human involvement in materials handling.
(2) AGV的降低劳动力成本，减少人力参与处理材料的数量
AGVs are compatible with production and storage equipment.
(3) AGV的是与生产和存储设备兼容
AGVs can operate in hazardous environments.
(4) AGVS可以在危险的环境中运作
AGVs can handle and transport hazardous materials safely.
(5) AGVS可以处理和运输危险材料的安全
Of the various reasons frequently given for using AGVs, perhaps the two that are the most important to the future of manufacturing are flexibility and compatibility.
经常使用AGV的各种原因，也许是两个制造业的未来是最重要的是灵活性和兼容性
Because they are so versatile, they can be adapted to be compatible with most production and storage equipment that might exist in a typical manufacturing setting.
因为它们是如此多才多艺，它们可以适应大部分的生产和存储设备中可能存在一个典型的制造业设置兼容
Their flexibility and compatibility allow AGVs to fit in with trends in the world of manufacturing, including automation and integration of manufacturing processes.
它们的灵活性和兼容性，允许AGVS，以适应世界制造业的发展趋势，包括制造过程的自动化和集成
Types of AGVs
AGV的类型
Automated guided vehicles are called on for use in a variety of different manufacturing settings.
无人搬运车被称为使用在各种不同的生产设置
Consequently, there is not one type that will meet the needs of every setting.
因此，没有一种类型，这将满足每个设置的需求
Fig.8.3 and 8.4 show typical AGVs.
fig.8.3和8.4显示典型的AGV
In the current state of development, there are six different types of AGVs :1) towing vehicles; 2) unit load vehicles; 3) pallet trucks;4)fork trucks 5) light load vehicles; 6) assembly line vehicles.
在目前的发展状况，有六种不同的类型的AGVS：1）牵引车辆;2）机组负荷的车辆;3）托盘车;4)叉车；5）轻载车辆;6）装配生产线的车辆

Towing Vehicles.
牵引车辆。
These AGVs are the work horses.
这些的AGVS是工作马匹。
Towing vehicles are the most widely used type of AGVs.
牵引车的AGV的使用最广泛的类型。
Their most common use is in transporting large amounts of bulky and heavy materials from the warehouse to various locations in the manufacturing plant.
其最常见的用途是从仓库运送大量的笨重和重的材料，在不同地点的生产工厂。
A popular approach is to arrange a series of vehicles into a train configuration. In such a configuration, each vehical can be loaded with material for a specified location and the train can be programmed to move throughout the manufacturing facility, stopping at each location.
一种流行的做法是安排到一列火车配置了一系列的车辆。在这种配置中，每个车辆可以加载指定的位置与材料和火车可以被编程到整个生产设施，在每个位置停止移动。
Unit Load Vehicles.
机组负荷的车辆。
Unit load vehicles represent the opposite extreme from towing vehicles.
机组负荷车辆牵引车相反的极端。
Whereas towing vehicles are used in settings requiring the movement of large amounts of material to a variety of different locations, unit load vehicles are used in setting with short guide paths, high volume, and a need for independent movement and versatility.
而需要大量的物质的运动，以各种不同的地点设置使用的牵引车辆，机组负荷车辆的设置短引路，高容量，需要一个独立的运动性和多功能性。
Warehouses and distribution centers are the most likely settings for unit load vehicles.
仓库和配送中心是最有可能的机组负荷车辆设置。
An advantage of unit load vehicles is that they can operate in an environment where there is not much room and movement restricted.
机组负荷车辆的一个优点是它们可以操作的环境中，那里没有很大的空间和运动的限制。
Pallet Trucks.
托盘车。
The pallet truck is different from other AGVs in that it can be operated manually.
搬运车不同的是，它可以手动操作的其他AGVS。
Pallet trucks are used most frequently for materials handling and distribution systems.
托盘车使用最频繁的材