初三英语寒假专题（四）沈阳牛津版.doc

初三英语寒假专题（四）沈阳牛津版

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
寒假专题（四）

［学习过程］
中考英语单词拼写答题技巧
1. 通读全句，确定意思
通读全句，根据前后内容判断该词意思，确保所填单词在逻辑意义上与整个句子一致。例如：
1) Germany and France are E______ countries.
分析：德国和法国都是欧洲国家，所缺单词修饰名词countries，故填European。
2) A good _______ makes a good ending.
分析：根据对应关系，应该是好的开始创造好的结局。故填 beginning。
2. 根据成分或结构，判断词性
根据所拼单词在句中作的成分判断其词性。例如：
1) He is a writer of rich ______(想象).
分析：由句子结构可知，所缺单词被rich修饰，作介词of的宾语，应为名词，再结合词义，故填imagination。
2) Darwin based his ideas on _______(科学) experiment.
分析：“科学”放在名词experiment之前，修饰名词，应用形容词形式 scientific。
3) Our teacher has _______ (组织) a class trip to the Great Wall.
分析：根据“组织”在句子结构中的功能，可知应用动词的过去分词形式organized。
3. 上下兼顾，判断单复数
通读全句，根据上下意思判断名词的单复数。例如：
1) The earth is one of the p______.
分析：前面有one of 结构，因此后面必须用复数形式 planets。
2) ________(电脑) can do all kinds of things now.
分析：因名词前无冠词，而且该名词是可数名词，故用复数形式Computers。
4. 全面考虑，不忘大小写
1) _________(秋天) comes after summer.
分析：句首的单词首写字母必须大写，又根据常识可知填Autumn。
2) Some American children posted some ______ (圣诞) cards to us.
分析：“圣诞”为专有名词，首字母必须大写，故填Christmas。

中考英语单词拼写命题类型
1. 推理型
If you want to read quickly, you must use your eyes and b______ not your mouth.
分析：根据句意“如果你想阅读得快，必须同时用眼和用脑，而不是用嘴”，由此确定横线处填 brain。
2. 释义型
A s______ is a person who is employed to work in another person’s house.
分析：受人雇佣，在别人家干活的人自然是“佣人”，所以填servant。
3. 对比型
It’s easier to spend money than e_____ money.
分析：由从句中的spend money可联想出“花钱比挣钱容易”，对比的应该是earn money， 故填 earn。
4. 搭配型
Water can turn __________ steam when it is heated.
分析：水在被加热时，会变成水蒸气。由固定搭配turn into (变成) 可知填into。
5. 常识型
The Children’s Day is on J__________ 1st.
分析：儿童节是六月一日，故填June。
6. 关联型
He went into the b_____ and took a bath.
分析：根据后一句“他去洗澡了”，再从首字母可确定填 bathroom(浴室)。

中考英语单词拼写常考题型
1. 根据首字母及句意完成单词。如：
(1) These scientists have made great c________ to sending up the satellites into outer space.
(2) A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d__________ countries.
(3) That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u_________.
(4) I phoned her s_________ times, but I couldn’t reach her.
【命题特点】句子中被考查的单词空出，划有横线，横线前标有该单词的首写字母。根据句意和首写字母的提示，写出该单词的正确形式。这类题目难度较大，考查学生记忆单词的准确度以及对单词用法的掌握情况。
【解题技巧】解答这类题目时，首先要熟记单词，掌握其正确的拼写形式。更重要的是根据句意判断出此处该填什么意义的单词,然后再根据首字母提示和上下文句意，确定选用哪个单词，并且要注意词形变化。题干中的一些词，如短语或固定搭配，往往是确定空缺词的重要信息。
【参考答案】(1) contributions (2) developed (3) usual (4) several
2. 根据句意和所给中文写出单词。如：
(1) After three________(月) study, the scientists worked out the physics problem.
(2) Many_________(千) of trees are planted to protect the environment each year.
(3) A hard-working student__________(理应) to succeed.
(4) I have worked out six math problems, but there are two_________(更多的) left.
【命题特点】这类题所考查的词一般都比较长，大多数是四个词，有时有词形变化，主要考查学生对单词的识记能力和拼写能力。
【解题技巧】由于所缺单词已给出词义，在一定程度上降低了难度。在解答这类题目时，前提是不仅要熟记单词，注意拼读规则，还要注意所缺的单词在句中的句法功能，即要注意写出该词的适当词形，如所缺单词修饰形容词，就要写出其副词形式；而当其修饰名词时，就要写出其形容词形式。
【参考答案】 (1) months’ (2) thousands (3) ought (4) more
3. 根据句意，在每一空格内填写适当的英语单词。如：
(1) She_________ singing to dancing. What about you?
(2) He keeps doing sports very often, so he is much________ than before.
(3) You may borrow my computer, but you mustn’t_________ it to others.　　
【命题特点】这类题目难度较大，考生既要能正确确定所缺单词的词义，还要写出单词的正确形式。这种题型主要考查学生在具体语境中的综合理解能力。
【解题技巧】解这类题目，先要仔细读题，概括理解句子的意思，注意捕捉时间、地点、人物、动作等主要信息，并且要特别注意一些词的固定搭配。
【参考答案】 (1) prefers (2)thinner (3) lend

中考英语词语题所涉及的主要语法点
与词形变化相关的语法基础知识有：
(1) 名词单复数的相互转化，人称代词单复数的转化。
(2) 名词变为所有格形式。
(3) 人称代词主格与宾格之间的相互转化；物主代词的形容词性与名词性的相互转化；人称代词、物主代词与反身代词三者之间的相互转化。
(4) 基数词与序数词的相互转化。
(5) 形容词和副词的原级、比较级、最高级三级之间的转化。
(6) 谓语动词的不同时态与语态的不同形式，如一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es。
(7) 非谓语动词的不同形式。如在enjoy, finish及介词后要用动词的ing形式作宾语；在decide, want, would like等后要用to do作宾语；在句型ask / tell / would like / want sb to do sth中所用的是to do sth作宾补；而在句型let / make / have sb do sth中却用的是do sth 作宾补，等等。

用构词法知识解中考英语词语题
了解一些构词法知识不仅有利于做好词类转化这类试题，对于我们扩大词汇量，扫清阅读障碍也大有裨益。我们这里要讲的构词法是指在某些词前面或后面加上前缀或后缀以改变其词性或词义的方法。如：表示否定或相反词义的前缀有un-, dis-, im-等，如unhappy(不高兴的), unfair(不公平的), uninteresting(没趣味的); dislike(不喜欢), dishonest(不诚实的), disagree　(不同意); impossible(不可能的) 等等。常见的后缀有：
(1) 某些名词+y / ful / ous(的) / less(没有，无)→形容词。如healthy, cloudy, sandy, noisy(去掉了末尾的e再加y), sunny(双写了n再加y)；careful, useful, successful, colourful; dangerous; homeless(无家可归的), hopeless (绝望的), endless(无休止的), spotless(洁白的)等。
(2) 某些形容词+ly→副词。如：carefully, safely(直接加ly); angrily, heavily, healthily(变y为i，再加ly), comfortably, terribly(把末尾的ble改为bly), truly(此词特殊，去e加ly)。
(3) 某些形容词+ness→名词。如：sadness, kindness, illness, sickness, happiness(变y为i，再加ness)等。
(4) 某些动词+er或or(……的人) / ation / ment→名词。如：listener, reader, player, writer, driver(结尾有e，只加r); visitor, actor, inventor; operate→operation, examine→examination; development, payment等。
(5) 某些动词+ing(令人……的) / ed(感到……的) / able(具有……的) →形容词。如：interesting(令人感到有趣的), interested(感到有趣的), exciting(令人兴奋的), excited(感到兴奋的), worried(感到担心的), changeable(变化的), comfortable(舒适的) 等。
其他一些变化的学过的单词有different(形容词)—difference(名词), confident(形容词)—confidence(名词), difficult(形容词)—difficulty(名词), friend(名词)—friendly(形容词), dead(形容词)—die(动词)—death(名词), sleep(动词，名词)—asleep(形容词) 等。
在做词形转化一类试题时，还需懂得不同词性(类) 在句中的作用，如作主语或宾语一般用名词或代词，作定语或表语用形容词，修饰动词用状语用副词等等。ww

中考英语词语释义题练习
找出与句中划线部分意思相同或相近的解释：
1. I couldn’t fall asleep last night because I was excited.
A. speak B. get to sleep C. go to bed D. fall down
2. There are lots of interesting books in our school library.
A. a few B. some C. many D. much
3. Can you look after my baby when I’m away?
A. look at B. look for C. take care of D. feed
4. I found it very hard to finish the work in such a short time.
A. difficult B. different C. bad D. easy
5. We will enjoy ourselves during the three-week holiday.
A. have a good time B. have a rest
C. look after ourselves D. help ourselves
6. Miss Li has taught in this school for over twenty years.
A. nearly B. more than C. about D. less than
7. Mike goes to school on foot every day.
A. rides to school B. walks to school
C. has a walk after school D. gets to school by bike
8. I visited my uncle in my hometown last Sunday.
A. found B. helped C. went to see D. met
9. Mr Wang asked me to clean the blackboard at once.
A. only once B. at last C. right away D. just now
10. We should help our mother do some washing.
A. clean the room B. do some cleaning
C. wash clothes D. wash some vegetables

【答案与解析】
1. B fall asleep。意为“入睡””，与 get to sleep 同义。
2. C lots of。意为“许多”，与 many 同义，也可说成 a lot of。
3. C look after。意为“照顾”，与此 take care of 同义。
4. A hard。意为“困难的”，与 difficult 同义。
5. A enjoy oneself。意为“玩得高兴”、“过得愉快”，与 have a good time 同义。
6. B over。意为“多于”，与 more than 同义。
7. B go to school on foot。意为“步行去上学”，与walk to school 同义。
8. C visit。意为“看望”，在此与 go to see 同义。
9. C at once。意为“马上”，在此与 right away 同义。
10. C do some washing。意为“洗衣服”，与 wash clothes 同义。

【模拟试题】
一、根据句意和所给首字母补全句中的单词
1. Shall we meet at the e______ of the cinema at 8?
2. After a careful d______ they decided to put off the meeting.
3. The old man is s______ ill.
4. The more careful you are, the f______ mistakes you’ll make.
5. A______ comes after summer. It’s a harvest season.
6. Sorry, I didn’t hear you c______. Please say it again.
7. China has the l______ population in the world.
8. Chinese families get t______ and celebrate the bright round moon.
9. Hurry up, or you’ll be l______ for the meeting.
10. W______ is between Tuesday and Thursday.
11. ——How many seasons are there in most parts of China?
  ——Four. S______ summer, autumn and winter.
12. ——When is Father’s Day? ——It’s on the t______ Sunday in June.
13. ——Have you ever heard of Yao Ming?
  ——I’m his fan! I’m p______ of him.
14. ——How did your p______ like the film last night?
  ——My mother thought it was terrible, but my father liked it very much.
15. ——Do you keep a d______?
  ——Yes. I started to write many years ago.
16. The house is too dear. I can’t ______ it. (be able to meet the cost of)
17. I have taken many wonderful pictures with the digital c______ (a kind of thing for taking photos).
18. It’s not only a chance but also a challenge for China to ______ (become a member of) the WTO.
19. We should r______ (give or pay something back; come or go back) the books to the library in time.
20. Don’t jump the q______ (a line of people waiting for something) when you wait for a bus.

二、根据句意和括号中的汉语提示，在每一横线上填上一个恰当的英语单词
1. His favorite subject is art, but ______(我的) is music.
2. I found a good job in a big company after I ______(毕业) from university.
3. My little sister’s hobby is collecting ______. (邮票)
4. ______(安全) is the most important while we are traveling.
5. Look! Tina is dancing ______(在……当中) those children over there.
6. This year Olympics are ______(特殊) because the games are coming back to the country where they started.
7. Mother often______(鼓励) me to solve problem by myself.
8. Her father has just had his ______(四十) birthday.
9.1 haven’t heard from him since last ______. (一月)
10. He felt so ______ (饥饿) that he ate three bowls of noodles.
11. What’s the ______ (温度) today?
12. His uncle can speak several ______ (语言).
13. Could you tell me how to ______ (发音) this word?
14. The exam paper is very easy. You can do it well all by ______ (你们).
15.1 think the tenth exercise is as interesting as the ______ (九).
16. The museum is about twenty ______ (分钟) walk from here.
17. His mother is busy ______ (浇水) the flowers in the garden.
18. I will remember my first English teacher f ______(永远).
19. The engineer finished r ______ (修理) the tractor very soon.
20. N ______ (天然的) food is good for our health.

三、根据句子的意思，用适当的词填空
1. The population of China is _________ than that of the USA.
2. My little sister is old ________to go to school.
3. _______ are used for cutting things.
4. Of all the ________, I like maths best.
5. My mother bought a new bike as my __________.
6. I haven’t ________ from Jim for a long time.
7. John got up too late to have breakfast, so he felt _________ at school yesterday.
8. Let’s learn from each other and make progress __________.
9. Is your friend _________ or old?
10. If you _______ the library book, you must pay for it.
11. This pen is only 2 yuan. It’s very _________.
12. There will be a football _________ on TV this Sunday afternoon.
13. Doing eye ___________ is good for your health.
14. Would you like a _______ of tea, please?
15. Don’t ______ in bed, it’s bad for your eyes.
16. You can ________ the book from the library, but you must return it on time.
17. What ________ is your sweater? Is it blue?
18. I’m free every day ________ Sunday.
19. Mrs. Green is learning Chinese as her second ________.
20. Sam ___________ playing football to watching TV.

试题答案
一、根据句意和所给首字母补全句中的单词
1.entrance 2. discussion 3. seriously
4. fewer 5. Autumn 6. clearly
7. largest 8. together 9. late
10. Wednesday 11. Spring 12. third
13. proud 14. parents 15. diary
16. afford 17. camera 18. join
19. return 20. queue

二、根据句意和括号中的汉语提示，在每一横线上填上一个恰当的英语单词
1. mine 2. graduated 3. stamps
4. Safety 5. among 6. special / unusual
7. encourages 8. fortieth 9. January
10. hungry 11. temperature 12. languages
13. pronounce 14. yourselves 15. ninth
16. minutes’ 17. watering 18. forever
19. repairing 20. Natural

三、根据句子的意思，用适当的词填空
1. larger 2. enough 3. Knives
4. subjects 5. present 6. heard
7. hungry 8.together 9.young
10.lost 11.cheap 12.match
13. exercises 14.cup 15.read
16. borrow 17. colour 18. except
19. language 20. prefers