2023年河南高考英语试卷及答案.docx

2023 年河南高考英语试卷及答案

2023 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国乙卷) 英语 考前须知：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答 题卡上。
2. 答复选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上 对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选 涂其他答案标号。答复非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写 在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试完毕后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一局部听力 (共两节，总分值 30 分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容完毕后，你将有 两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共 5 小题;每题 1.5 分，总分值 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、 B、 C 三个选项中选出最正确选项。听完每段对话后，你都 有 10 秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话 仅读一遍。
例： How much is the shirt?

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A. £ 19.15. B. £ 9.18. C. £ 9.15.
答案是 C。
1. What does the man want to do?
A. Have breakfast. B. Take a walk. C. Call his office.
2. What was George doing last night?
A. Having a meeting. B. Flying home. C. Working on a project.
3. Why does the man suggest going to the park?
A. It’s big. B. It’s quiet. C. It’s new.
4. How does the woman sound?
A. Annoyed. B. Pleased. C. Puzzled.
5
Where is the man’s table?
A. Near the door. B. By the window. C. In the corner.
第二节(共 15 小题;每题 1.5 分，总分值 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题， 从题中所给的 A、 B、 C 三个选项中选出最正确选项。听每段对 话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题 5 秒钟;听完

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后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两 遍。
听第 6 段材料，答复第 6、 7 题。
6. What are the speakers going to do tonight?
A. Eat out. B. Go shopping. C. Do sports.
7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Boss and secretary. B. Hostess and guest. C. Husband and wife.
听第 7 段材料，答复第 8、 9 题。
8. Why does the woman think July is the best time to move?
A. Their business is slow. B. The weather is favorable. C. It’s easy to hire people.
9. How will they handle the moving?
A. Finish it all at once. B. Have the sales section go first. C. Do one department at a time.
听第 8 段材料，答复第 10 至 12 题。
10. What did Peter learn from his grandfather?
A. How to appreciate art works. B. How to deal with artists. C. How to run a museum.

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11. What did Peter do in Chicago?
A. He studied at a college. B. He served in the army. C. He worked in a gallery.
12. Whose works did Peter like best?
A. Rembrandt’s. B. Botticelli’s. C. Rubens’ .
听第 9 段材料，答复第 13 至 16 题。
13. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At a library. B. In a law firm. C. On a train.
14. By what time did John plan to finish his term paper?
A. March. B. August. C. October.
15. Why did John quit his part-time job?
A. He had to catch up with his study. B. He was offered a better one. C. He got tired of it.
16. What is Susan’s attitude to John’s problem?
A. Carefree. B. Understanding. C. Forgiving.
听第 10 段材料，答复第 17 至 20 题。
17. What did the speaker do before the year 2023?
A. A fitness coach. B. A chess player. C. A marathon runner.

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18. Why was the 2023 Olympics important for the speaker?
A. He was motivated by Bolt. B. He broke a world record. C. He won fifth place.
19. Which is the hardest for the speaker?
A. Getting over an injury. B. Doing strength training. C. Representing Botswana.
20. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
A. His plan to go for the gold.
B. His experience on the track.
C. His love for his home country.
第二局部 阅读理解(共两节，总分值 40 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每题 2 分，总分值 30 分)
阅读以下短文，从每题所给的 A、 B、 C 和 D 四个选项中， 选出最正确选项。
A
Henry Raeburn (1756- 1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, es to London.

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Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00- 17.45 Sunday 12.00- 17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.
Admission
£ 4. Children under 12 years acpanied by an adult
are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of £ 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.

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A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov.
D. Thurs. 13 Nov.
2. How much would a couple with two children under
12 pay for admission?
A. £ 4. B. £ 8. C. £ 12. D. £ 16.
3. How can full-time students get group discounts?
A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They
should e from art schools.
C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.
【答案】 1. B 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受 欢送的画家亨利 · 雷伯恩爵士进展的展览的相关情况。
【1 题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格右上角 Raeburn’s English Contemporaries 局部“Thursday 30 Oct. (10 月 30 日星期 四)”可知，在 10 月 30 日星期四可以去参加 Raeburn’s English Contemporaries。应选 B 项。
【2 题详解】

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细节理解题。根据 Admission 局部“£ 4. Children under 12 years acpanied by an adult are admitted free. (4 英镑。 12 岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入 场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付 4+4=8 英镑，两个 12 岁以下的儿 童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为 8 英镑。应选 B 项。
【3 题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“A special low entrance charge of £ 2 per person is available to all in full- time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers. (所有 全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位程度的学生，在 有老师的组织团体中，均可享受每人 2 英镑的特别低入场 费。)”可知，全日制学生在有老师的组织团体中，可以获得 折扣，即他们必须由老师带着。应选 C 项。
B
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in

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the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would
arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping
from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud
over ice.
4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky
Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American
history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
5. What can we learn about the girls from
paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room
with a bathtub.
C.They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered
severe hardships.
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living
conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The
natural beauty of the West.
7. What is the text?

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A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
【答案】 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【4 题详解】
【5 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. (他们和一个当地 家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私， 很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. (在春 天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非 常艰辛，她们饱受磨难。应选 D 项。
【6 题详解】
【7 题详解】
C
Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros

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each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(根底设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high- tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on

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the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
10. What function is expected of the rail drones?
ATo provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.

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C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways 【答案】 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的 技术，无人机能在保证铁路平安可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营 商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【8 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. (无人机已经被用于检查高压 电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁道路路和铁路根底 设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可

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知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁道路路成为可 能。应选 A。
【9 题详解】
【10 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously(工程师们如今 正在研究一个新概念:将来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方 的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行)”可知铁路无人机有望 让火车自动运行。应选 B。
【11 题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(根底设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis. (一小群无人机能否在保证铁路平安可靠的同

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时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今 天的“空中之眼”技术的将来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路 轨道和根底设施全天候平安运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了 使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁道路路成为可能 ; 第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护本钱和更好地保护铁路 人员平安;第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以 开场为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如 何改变铁路的将来，所以 D 项“无人机将如何改变铁路的将 来。”符合文章中心思想，合适作为本文的最正确标题。应选 D。
D
The Gover____ent's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small panies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.

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Today's figures, according to one gover____ent official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施)and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
12. Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
13. How did some drinks panies respond to the sugar tax?
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised
the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
14. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?

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A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【答案】 12. C 13. D 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对 软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的安康问题，同时该 收入用于学校体育。
【12 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First announced in April, 2023, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity . (该税于 2023 年 4 月首次宣布，适用于每 100 毫升含糖超过 5g 的软饮 料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮 助儿童减少肥胖。应选 C 项。

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【13 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It es after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax. (此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的 软饮料的含糖量，以防止纳税。)”可知，一些饮料公司通过 降低了产品的含糖量来避税。应选 D 项。
【14 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like