【英语】2019年北京市中考真题（解析版）.docx

【英语】 2019 年北京市中考真题(解析版)

2019年北京市⾼级中等学校招⽣考试
英语试卷
知识运⽤(共14分)
⼀、单项填空(共6分，每⼩题0.5分)
从下⾯各题所给的A、 B、 C、 D四个选项中，选择可以填⼊空⽩处的最佳选项。
1. Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can’t wait to see .

A. her

B. him

C. it

D. them
【解析】 Mr. Wang表⽰“王先⽣”，指男性，故⽤him。
【答案】 B
2. We planted some flowers the garden yesterday.

A. on

B. to

C. in

D. of
【解析】指在花园⾥，介词⽤in。
【答案】 C
3. — Excuse me, is this T-shirt?
— It’s 88 yuan.

A. how much

B. how many

C. how long

D. how old
【解析】：由答句可知，问句问的是价钱，故⽤how much。 how many询问数量，修饰可数名词复数； how long询问长度； how old询问年龄。
【答案】 A
4. — Lily, _____ you finish the letter in ten minutes?
— Yes, I can.

A. must

B. should

C. need

D. can

【解析】由答句中的“I can”可知，此处是问你能在10分钟之内完成这封信吗，故⽤can。【答案】 D 5. This cap is nice, it doesn’t look good on me.
A. for

B. so

C. but

D. or
【解析】句意：这个帽⼦很漂亮，但我戴着它不好看。空格前后内容之间存在转折关系，故⽤but。 【答案】 C
6. Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is than her brother.

A. patient

B. more patient

C. most patient
D. the most patient 【解析】由句⼦中的“than her brother”可推知，此处要⽤patient⽐较级。
【答案】 B
7. Sam with his friends every weekend.

A. skates

B. is skating

C. has skated
D. was skating 【解析】由时间状语“every weekend”可推知，句⼦要⽤⼀般现在时。
【答案】 A
8. — Tom, what’s your dad doing?
— He my bike.

A. repairs

B. will repair

C. has repaired
D. is repairing 【解析】问句句意：汤姆，你爸爸正在做什么？由问句可知，答句要⽤现在进⾏时。【答案】 D
9. Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.

A. changes

B. changed

C. will change
D. has changed 【解析】由句⼦中的时间状语“since 2017”可推知，句⼦要⽤现在完成时。
【答案】 D
10. If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow.

A. will book

B. booked
C. have booked
D. was booking 【解析】在if引导的条件句中，从句⽤⼀般现在时，主句⽤⼀般将来时。
【答案】 A
11. My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday.

A. accepts

B. accepted

C. was accepted
D. is accepted 【解析】由句⼦中的时间状语“last Monday”可推知，句⼦要⽤⼀般过去时。
【答案】 C
12. — Did you notice in her office?

— Yes. She was going over our writing.

A. what was Miss Lin doing

B. what Miss Lin was doing

C. what does Miss Lin do

D. what Miss Lin does
【解析】由答句可推知，问句要⽤过去进⾏时；⼜由空格处的内容在句⼦中作notice的宾语，如果宾语时句⼦，则要⽤陈序语 序，故选B。
【答案】 B
⼆、完形填空(共8分，每⼩题1分)
阅读下⾯的短⽂，掌握其⼤意，然后从短⽂后各题所给的A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
Run for Class President

Two months ago, when our class election(选举) started, I decided to run for class president. I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people, so I felt it easy to win. But I was 13 that people would feel bad for me if I lost.
I was busy preparing in the following week. My plan wasn’t to make promises to do things I couldn’t 14 but to show my class why I wanted to be president. I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom. I also spent three hours writing my speech, saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they had a problem. Since I was 15 prepared, I felt that my chances of winning were strong.
However, when I gave my speech on Election Day, the response(反应) wasn’t what I had __16 . Few people actually listened. When it was my opponent’s(对⼿的) turn, everyone was screaming his name. His speech was short, but all to the point. By then, I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer.
It was obvious who would 17 . For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over. I wanted to just go home and cry, but I made it through.
My 18 was right: I didn’t win.
The next day, people were still talking about the election. I just pretended(假装) not to hear. But later, things got better. People 19 about the election and talked to me just as they did before.

I don’t regret putting time and energy into the election because I’ve learned that things aren’t

always going the way I expect. And moments of failure like this build 20 —since then I’ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.
13. A. bored B. afraid C. excited D. hopeful

【解析】结合语境及短⽂倒数第⼆段可推知，此处指“我”害怕选举失败后，⼈们对我的感觉会不好。
【答案】 B
14. A. compare B. remember C. manage D. repeat

【解析】结合空格前后的内容可推知，此处指“我”不会去承诺我不能完成的事。 compare意为“⽐较”， remember意为“记 住”， manage意为“完成(困难的事)；勉⼒完成”， repeat意为“重复”。
【答案】 C
15. A. fully B. quickly C. freshly D. physically

【解析】结合上⽂内容可推知， “我”为这次选举做了充分的准备。 fully意为“充分地”， quickly 意为“讯速地”， freshly意为“刚刚； 新近”， physically 意为“⾝体上”。
【答案】 A
16. A. feared B. faced C. mentioned D. pictured

【解析】结合第⼆段“我”的准备以及下⽂⼈们对“我”和“我”的对⼿演讲的不同表现可推知，(⼈们)的反应并不是我曾经想象的 那样。 fear意为“害怕”， face意为“⾯对”， mention意为“提到”， picture意为“想象；设想”。
【答案】 D
17. A. insist B. return C. wait D. win
【解析】结合第三段⼈们对“我”和“我”的对⼿演讲的不同表现以及下⽂中的“I wanted to just go home and cry, but I made it through. ”可推知，此处指谁将会赢(得选举)是很明显的。【答案】 D
18. A. suggestion B. prediction C. direction D. introduction 【解析】结合第四段内容以及下⽂“I didn’t win”可推知，此处 指“我”的预测是正确的，我没有赢。 suggestion意为“建议”， prediction意为“预测”， direction意为“⽅向”， introduction意为“介 绍”。
【答案】 B
19. A. forgot B. wrote C. cared D. discussed

【解析】结合下⽂“talked to me just as they did before”可推知，此处指⼈们似乎已经忘记了选举的事⼉了。 【答案】 A
20. A. trust B. pride C. character D. support

【解析】结合下⽂“since then I’ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger”可推知，此处指像这样的失败时刻培养 了我的性格。 trust意为“信任”， pride意为“骄傲”， character意为“性格”， support意为“⽀持”。
【答案】 C
阅读理解(共36分)
三、阅读下列短⽂，根据短⽂内容，从短⽂后各题所给的A、 B、 C、 D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 (共26分，每⼩题2分) A

Experiencing China

21. Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital?

A. Mike.

B. Joanna.

C. Bill.

D. Cindy.

【解析】由“Mike, Canada”部分的第四句可知答案。
【答案】 A
22. How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China?

A. Three months.

B. Four months.

C. Five months.

D. Six months.
【解析】由“Joanna, Australia”部分的第⼀句可知答案。
【答案】 C
23. Cindy thinks her host sisters .

A. a wonderful cook

B. a responsible doctor
C. a warm-hearted teacher

D. a hardworking student

【解析】由“Cindy, Germany”部分的第三句可知答案。
【答案】 D
B

Blue Lightning

Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.
“Well,” he said. “How about this: you do some research first and then come back to me with a design. ”

A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart “Blue Lightning” . Dad looked over her
work, thinking. “Well, that’s interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just
build Blue Lightning as you’ve designed. ”

Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.
After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. “Well,” she said. “Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive. ” “Oh, do you?” he said. “Please share. ”
“When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,” she said. “I think it’s because of the lightning bolt闪( 电) shape. ” “Very good!” Dad said.
“So, why didn’t you tell me about that problem in the first place?” Sally asked.

Dad laughed. “Where’s the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, he’ll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, he’ll eat for a lifetime. ”
Sally said, “I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun !”

Dad smiled. “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way. ”
That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.

Finally came the race. Sally wasn’t worried about whether she would win— in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.
24. Sally thought of building a go-kart to .

A. practice driving

B. enter for a race

C. play with friends

D. do some research
【解析】由第⼀段第⼆句可知答案。
【答案】 B

25. What did Sally’s dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart?

A. To have a test drive.

B. To take a good rest.

C. To give it a cool name.

D. To paint it light blue.

【解析】由第四段的第⼀、⼆句可知答案。
【答案】 A
26. Sally’s story mainly tells us that .

A. winning a race is important

B. fishing brings us a lot of fun

C. driving experience is necessary

D. learning happens during the process

【解析】通读全⽂可推知， Sally在制作go-kart的过程中学到了很多东西，故选D。
【答案】 D
C

Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn’t need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological(⼼理学的) processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little.
One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.
It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar(熟悉的). We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.
How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.

Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand(增加) our experience of time.
Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings
you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time- expanding effect.
To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It’s possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time.
27. According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by .

A. going to bed on time

B. traveling to new places

C. having dinner as usual

D. printing the same materials

【解析】由第三段后以及由第五段尤其是其的第⼀句可推知，我们可以通过去新的地⽅旅⾏来增加我们对时间的体验。 【答案】 B
28. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.

B. Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.

C. We can take in more information by living through our senses.

D. We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.

【解析】由第三段的后两句和第⼀段最后⼀句可推知， A、 B这两个选项与⽂意不符。通读全⽂可推知， D项⽂中并未提及。由 倒数第⼆段尤其是其最后⼀句可推知C项正确。
【答案】 C
29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Slow Down Time

B. Only Time Will Tell

C. Race Against Time

D. Time Will Not Come Twice

【解析】通读全⽂可推知，⽂章主要是关于“让时间变慢”的。
【答案】 A
D

How Much Can We Afford to Forget?

In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access(获得) knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads?
Civilizations( ⽂明) develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural(农业的) Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter?
Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases(偏见), and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.
Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being(健康) depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.

We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they’re not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.
30. Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases?

A. Because they go off course in testing and scoring.

B. Because we control the training process on them.

C. Because we offer them too much information.

D. Because they overuse the provided answers.

【解析】由第⼆段后两句可推知，通过重复的测试和挑选过程，智能机器被训练，⽽在这个过程当中，⼈类依然决定着什么会 是正确答案，因此，当我们通过智能机器获取知识时，机受这些“由⼈类决定的正确答案”的影响，偏见就有可能会增多。
【答案】 B
31. The ease of accessing information from the Internet .

A. frees us from making efforts to learn new skills

B. prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed

C. misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge

D. separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines

【解析】由第四段后两句可推知，通过互联⽹知晓信息的便利会误导我们认为我们找到的信息就是我们⼀直以来都知道的信息 的⼀部分。
【答案】 C
32. The word “collapse” in Paragraph 5 probably means “ ”.

A. a sudden failure

B. the basic rule

C. a disappointing start

D. the gradual development

【解析】结合画线词所在句以及其上⼀句可推知，此处指我们健康所依靠的⽹络中的任何⼀个突然崩溃或垮掉了，都会产⽣很 糟糕的后果。 collapse意为“崩溃；垮掉”。
【答案】 A
33. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?

A. To question about the standards of information storage.

B. To discuss our problems of communication with machines.

C. To stress the importance of improving ou