因某事向某人道歉.doc

Book One Unit 1 Good Friends
1>Learn to make apologies. make apologies 道歉
因某事向某人道歉 make an apology(or apologies) to sb for sth
apologize vi. 道歉;认错,赔不是(+to/for)
He apologized to her for not going to her party. 他因为没有出席她举行的宴会而向她表示歉意。
2> I don t enjoy singing, nor do I like computers. nor conj. 1. (用在neither之后)也不 2. (用在not, no, never之后)也不 3. (用在句首,句子须倒装)也不
I have never spoken nor written to her.我跟她从来没说过话,也没写过信。
You do not like him, nor do I. 你不喜欢他,我也不喜欢。
3> I hate hiking and I m not into classical music. be into 对...(极)有兴趣,热衷于,入迷
She’ s really into pop music. 她很迷流行音乐。
4> I m fond of singing. be fond of 喜欢...; 爱好... Tom is fond of music. 汤姆喜爱音乐。
5> I surf the Internet all the time. surf the Internet上网(冲浪)上网的其他说法:go on the Internet;
6> Rock music is OK, and so is skiing. so is skiing (so后用倒装结构)也如此,也一样
I was tired, and so were the others. 我累了,其他人也一样。
(so置于句首,后面不倒装)确是如此,正是那样
“She is very good at swimming.” “So she is.”“她很擅长游泳.”“不错, 确实如此.”
7>Imagine you are alone on an island. You have to survive without friends.. alone
a. 单独的,独自的 ad. 单独地 She watches TV when she is alone.独自一人时,她便看电视。
lonely a.1. 孤独的,孤寂的 2. 偏僻的,人迹罕至的
I live alone, but I don’t feel lonely! 我独自住着，但并不感到孤独！
8> Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.
so...that... 如此...以至于...,that在此引导结果状语从句(有时可省略)
1.这里的so后接形容词或副词或形容词加冠词加名词,另有固定搭配so few/many/much/little/等.
2.so加形容词或副词置于句首引起倒装 So carelessly did he drive that he was killed in the accident.
9> Chuck is survive the crash and lands on a deserted island. crash vi.1. (发出猛烈声音地)碰撞,坠落 2. (飞机等)坠毁,撞坏 n.[C] 相撞(事故);(飞机的)坠毁,迫降
The motorcycle crashed into the fence. 摩托车猛地撞在围栏上。
An airliner crashed west of Denver last night. 昨夜一架客机在丹佛西边坠毁。
desert n. 沙漠;荒野 a.1. 沙漠的 2. 荒芜的;无人居住的 vt. 抛弃;遗弃;离弃
All his friends have deserted him! 他所有的朋友都抛弃了他!
Nobody likes to live in that desert region. 没有人喜欢生活在那个沙漠地区。
10> He has to learn to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire.
hunt vt.1. 追猎,猎取 2.搜索;寻找 3. 追捕 vi.1. 打猎 2. 搜寻(+for/after)
November is a good time to hunt deer. 十一月正是猎鹿的好时节。
11> In order to survive ,Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend.
in order to 为了... We started early in order to arrive before dark.
为了在天黑前到达,我们很早就动身了
1.so as to...,和in order to...同义,但前者一般不用于句首
2.否定式在to前加not The girl walked into the room quietly in order not to awake her roommates.
12> Chucks learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and it is important to have someone to care about. share vt.1. 均分;分配(+out/among/between) 2. 分享;分担;共同使用(+with/among/between) vi.分享;分担[(+in)] He shared with his friends in distress. 他和朋友共患难。
We shared in his joy. 我们分享了他的喜悦。
care about 关心;担心;在乎,介意(常用于否定句) care for 喜欢, 照顾, 关心
She cares only for（关心）herself and her family. She doesn't care for skating. 她不喜欢滑冰。
13>I like to have fun. If you’re interested in being friends, drop me a line.
fun n.[U]1. 娱乐,乐趣 2. 玩笑,嬉戏 3. 有趣的人(或事物)
What fun we had! 我们玩得多开心! His uncle is fond of fun. 他的叔父喜欢开玩笑。
drop sb. a line = to write a short letter to sb .给某人写短信
Drop me a line when you get there. (到了给我个信儿啊).
14>My telephone wasn’t working.
work vi.1. 工作(+at/on) 2. (机器等)运转,活动 3. 起作用;行得通
She works in a restaurant.她在一家饭店工作。 The machine won t work.机器不转了。
Your suggestion works well.你的建议很有效。
15>My bike had a flat tire but I had no time to fix it.
fix vt.1. 使固定;牢记 2. 确定;决定[(+up)][+wh-][+to-v] 3. 修理;整理;
Her image was fixed in his mind.她的形象深深印在他的脑海里。
fix one’s eyes/attention upon(on)...注意力集中在...
16>When I arrived at school, I ran into my friend Jonna. ran into 1. 撞到 2. 偶遇
The bus got out of control and ran into a wall. 公共汽车失去控制,撞上了墙。
17>They told me they were proud of me.
proud a.1. 骄傲的,有自尊心的 2. 傲慢的,自负的 3. 自豪的,得意的(+of)/+to-v/+(that)
He’s too proud to speak to poor people like us. 他太骄傲了,从不与我们这样的穷人说话。
18> Despite the fact that they have never met each other, Michel and Xiao li are best friends.
despite prep.不管,尽管;意同in spite of
He went to work despite his illness.尽管生病,他还是去工作。
Despite advanced years, she is learning to drive. 尽管年事已高,她还在学开车。
that they have never met each other此为同位语从句,表示fact的内容.
Unit 2 English around the world
1>Write a passage comparing American and British English.
compare…with…表示“把……与……相比（同类相比）”，
No one can compare with Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies. 作为悲剧作家，没有人能同莎士比亚相比。 compare…to…表示“把……比做……（异类相比，比喻）”。
Young people are compared to the sun at eight or nine in the morning. 年青人常被比作早晨 八、九点钟的太阳。 compared to/with与……比起来（常用作状语，可位于句首或句末）
Compared to/with many people, she was indeed lucky.
2>What is it that Joe can t find in the bathroom?
本句为特殊疑问词开头的强调句型.强调句型的基本构成如下:
It + is(was) + 被强调部分 + that(who) + 句子剩余部分.
It was in the street that I found the purse. It is I who should be responsible for the incident.
3>Oh, there you are. there you are 行了.好了.这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语.
还可以表示"瞧!""对吧(果然如此)!"等语气.
There you are! Then let s have some coffee. 好了,那我们来点咖啡吧.
There you are! I knew we should find it at last. 对吧!我就知道我们一定能找到的.
4>You must be very tired. 这是一种推测,表示"一准是","一定是"：
①Your brother must be in the library. I saw him just now.
否定式为can’ t be If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.　
如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
5>We flew all the way direct from Seattle to London.
all the way 从远道;一路上 He was so happy that he sang all the way home.
6>You don t need to ask, just make yourself at home.
need n. 需要;要求(+of/for)/+to-v We have no need to be afraid of them. 我们不必怕他们。
The factory is in great need of funds. 那家工厂急需资金。
vt. 需要,有...必要 作为实义动词，need后面需要接带to的动词不定式,表示有义务或责任去做某事。如：What do we need to take for the picnic? 野餐我们需要带些什么？
Will we need to show our passports? 我们需要出示护照吗？
v. aux. (多用于疑问句和否定句)需要,必须
Need I type this letter again? 我需要重新录入将这封信吗？
need doing 与 need to be done ①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；
②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。
The garden needs watering. 花园该浇水了。(说明:该用法相当于need to be done)
7> Make up another dialogue for three students and act it out in class.
make up 1. 补足 2. 编造 3. 组成 The whole story is made up.整个故事完全是虚构出来的。
The medical team was made up of twelve doctors. 医疗队由十二名医生组成。
act ... out 1. 把...表演出来 2. 把...付诸行动We roared when Mary acted out the episode.
当玛丽绘声绘色地描述那件事时,我们哄然大笑起来。
They are determined to act out their ideal. 她们决心把自己的理想变成行动。
8>What do you mean by...?本句意为"你说(做)...什么意思?"这里的介词需要注意.
What do you mean by saying "Judy is leaving the country."?你说茱迪要出国是什么意思？
9> An equal number of people learn English as a second language.
a number of 很多,后接复数名词,谓语动词亦为复数. the number of 后接复数名词,谓语动词为单数
The number of students absent is five. 有五名学生缺席。
10> In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong. except for 1.除了...以外 2. 要不是 由于
The composition is quite good except for the spelling. 这篇文章除了拼写以外,其他都不错。
I would go to the party with you except for my broken leg.
要不是因为我腿断了,我想与你一起去参加聚会。
except for 可以放句首，而except不可以, except排除同类事物，常与on, all, none. nothing, everything, anything等表示包含全部的词连用，except for排除不同类事物．Everyone except me got an invitation.
11> With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.With so many people communicating 此为with的复合结构, 是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，形式一 with+宾语+形容词
He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常开着窗睡觉。
形式二 with+宾语+副词 He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头站在老师面前。
形式三 with+宾语+名词He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。
形式四 with+宾语+介词短语She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。
形式五 with+宾语+现在分词(短语) He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。
形式六 with+宾语+过去分词(短语)He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。
形式七 with+宾语+不定式(短语)
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。
12> The young father told his children to stand still.
stand still 站在那儿一动不动,stand意为处于某种状态, 双谓语系动词
 此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义。
She stopped and stood quite still. 她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。
The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆积在地上。
13> Mother told me to not to leave the door open after midnight.
leave...open leave意为听任,使处于某种状态 He left the windows open. 他让窗子开着。
He will never leave a job unfinished. 他干什么事从来没有不干完的.
14>How did the difference come about?
come about 发生 多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句
How did this come about? 这事是怎么发生的?
take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，
The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing.
happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件，例如：
I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home.
15> For a long time the language in America stayed the same.
stay the same stay意为"继续,保持”,连系动词I hope the weather will stay fine.我希望天气能持续放晴。
16> British and American English started borrowing words from other language, ending up with different words. end up with 以...为结局;结果会...
It is not right to laugh at the disabled. Maybe some day you will end up with disabilities.
嘲笑残疾人是不对的.也许有一天你也会成为有残疾的人.
17> Except for these difference in spelling, written English is more or less the same.
more or less 或多或少,有点儿;大约His explanation was more or less helpful.他的解释多少有些帮助。
18> However, most of the time people from the tow countries don t have difficulty in understanding each other. have difficulty in understanding做什么有困难,difficulty可用trouble替代,这里均用作不可数名词
I had no difficulty in getting in touch with him.我和他取得联系没有什么困难。
19> American English has changed over the centuries.
over在...期间 My grandchildren will stay over Christmas.我的孙儿孙女们圣诞节期间将呆在这儿。
20> They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own language.
bring in 产生(利润、进息、收入);进口;引进
In America, pop singers may bring in millions of dollars each year. 在美国,流行歌手每年可以有数百万的收入.
21>Hi, long time no see.好久不见了.口语用法.
It’s been nice talking to you. Bye. = It s nice talking to you = It s nice to talk to you
前者多见于分手时使用.后者见面也可以使用.
22>He has married a Chinese girl. marry vt. 娶;嫁,和...结婚 vi. 结婚
He is going to marry Jane.他将与简结婚。和某人结婚多长时间了,即表示状态要用be married (to)
23>I wish we could see each other more often, but that s too difficult.
用于wish后面的从句用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设；用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的假设；用would + 动词原形表示一种希求。I wish I were as tall as you.　我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨。
24>Not only did Xiaohua learn a lot of English from her Canadian teacher, she also became very interested in Canadian. not only...but also... 不仅……而且,but also有时仅用but或also .连接主语：
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television.
不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。
在连接句子时,not only后面的句子要使用倒装结构.
Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too.对这件事不仅教授们有自己的看法，学生们也有自己的想法。
25>Write a letter in the name of Wang Ning to Mr Smith, who works for the newspaper 21st Century.
in the name of以...的名义 Stop doing that, in the name of God! 看在上帝份上,别干了!
Unit 3 Going Places
1>What do you have to consider before you decide which means of transportation you will use?
means n. 手段,方法;工具(单复数相同) It is all a means to an end. 这只是达到目的的一种手段。
Every possible means has been tried, but none proved successful.
所有可能的方法都已经试过了,没有成功的.
2>Listen to the following boarding calls and write down the correct flight number and destination.
destination 目的地,终点;目标,目的 We reached our destination, tired and hungry.
到达目的地时,我们又累又饿。
3>People travel to meet friends, to experience life or simply to get away from cold weather.
experience n.1. 经验,体验[U] 2. 经历,阅历[C] She had no experience of life at all.
她毫无生活经验。get away from 侥幸逃脱;逃离
Do you think you can get away with it?你认为你能逃避责罚吗?
4>Instead of spending your vacation on a bus or in a hotel, you may try hiking.
instead ad.1. 作为替代 2. 反而,却 He is too busy, let me go instead.
他太忙了,让我去吧。 try hiking 尝试,试行[+v-ing]
Let s try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲后边的门试试。
5>You will get close to nature and take exercise at the same time.
close a.1. 近的,接近的(+to) 2. (关系)密切的,亲密的 ad.1. 接近,靠近地(+to) 2. 紧密地,紧紧地
His house is close to the factory. 他家靠近该厂。She is a close friend of theirs. 她是他们的挚友。
6>The basic equipment for hiking is simple.
equipment n.[U]1. 配备,装备 2. 设备;器械;用具
The complete equipment of the new hospital will take a year.把这个新医院的设备配齐要化一年时间。
The store sells tents and other camping equipment.这家商店出售帐篷和其他野营用具。
7> As with hiking,you should always think about your safety.
as with 正如...一样
As with running, learning English needs will.正如跑步一样，学习英语需要意志。
8>Normal travel is often bad for the environment. Eco-travel, on the other hand, is a way to travel responsibly. be bad for 对...有害 Reading in a dim light is bad for the eyes.
在暗淡的光线下看书有损视力。
responsibly ad. 负责地;有责任感地 responsible a.1. 负责任的,承担责任的(+for/to) 2. 认真负责的;可信赖的 Politicians are responsible to the voters. 政治家应对选民负责。
9>By staying at hotels, tourists can help the villagers make money.
by doing 通过做什么 He used to make a living by selling newspapers.
他以前靠卖报纸为生.
10>Try to get the other student to agree with you. get.to do
让...做,四个"使"动词中唯一用to do做补语的,很值得关注. I got him to stay for the night.
我说服他留下过夜。the other student the other+单数名词,表示两个当中的另外一个
the other students 所有其余的同学; another student 另一个同学(总数在三个以上);
agree with 1. 同意某人(观点,说的话等) 2. 适合;相宜 3. 和...一致(相符)
agree to 同意计划,建议等; agree on(about) 在...问题上意见一致
I don t agree with Phil on many things. 我和菲尔在许多事情上意见不一致。
11> I want to get up early, but my alarm clock didn’t go off.
go off 1. 响起 2. 变质 3. 入睡 4. 进行
The alarm went off. 警铃骤然响起。
12>Swimming with dolphins changed the way I think about myself.
I think about myself 此为定语从句.当way为先行词并在从句中做状语时,关系词可以用in which或that或省略 I did not like the way he talked to me.我不喜欢他跟我讲话的方式。
13>Pay attention to how dolphins use body language to communicate.
pay attention to 关心;注意 You should pay attention to your spelling. 你要注意拼写。
Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。
14>Add any other ideas that you may come up with.
come up with 1. 赶上 2. (针对问题等)想出;提供
We came up with a group of tourists.我们赶上了一群旅游者。
15>Present your ideas to the class.
present vt.1. 赠送,呈献(+to/with) 2. 引起(问题),造成(困难)(+to/with) 3. 提出,提交,呈递(+to)
They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花。
All this presented new safety problems. 所有这些都造成了新的安全问题。
Unit 4 Unforgettable Experiences
1>Describe people, things, events and people’s feelings.
event n.1. 事件,大事[C] 2. (比赛)项目[C]
Winning the scholarship was a great event in the boy s life.
赢得这项奖学金是这个男孩一生中的一件大事。
Which events have you entered for?你参加了哪些比赛项目?
2> A strong earthquake took place. Hank was caught in the earthquake.
be caught in 被困住;被卡住;遭遇, 淋雨 be caught in the rain
3> Jeff pulled her up. He was standing, holding onto a tree.
pull up 1. 向上拉;拔 2. (使)停下来Don’t try to pull up the plant! 别拔那棵植物!
The driver pulled up at the gate. 司机在大门前停下车子。
4> Jeff and Flora looked into each other s face with a look of fright.
look into 朝...里面看; 在...里查资料;调查