形容词及副词比较级及最高级.docx

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

大多数形容词和副词都有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级，比较级，最高级。比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1. 规则变化：
① 一般词尾加er，est
tall-taller-tallest long-longer-longest
② 以不发音的e结尾的词加r，st:
nice-nicer-nicest large-larger-largest able-abler-ablest
③ 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加er, est
easy-easier-easiest early-earlier-earliest
busy-busier-busiest happy-happier-happiest
④ 以一个辅音字母结尾闭音节词，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加er, est
big-bigger-biggest
hot-hotter-hottest
thin-thinner-thinnest

⑤ 多音节和部分双音节的词需要在adj.原级前+more构成比较级，+the most构成最高级
beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautiful
delicious-more delicious-the most delicious
interesting-more interesting-the most interesting
careful-more careful-the most careful
useful-more useful-the most useful
pleased-more pleased-the most pleased
tired-more tired-the most tired
2. 不规则变化
good/well-better-best bad-worse-worst
many/much-more-most little-less-least

far-farther-farthest（距离远）远的
far-further-furthest （程度深）进一步
e.g.: I have nothing further to say.

old-older-oldest （年龄，岁数）老的
old-elder-eldest （长幼）年长的
e.g.: My elder brother is an engineer.
Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.
3. 几个常用的句型：
as+adj./adv.原级+as
adj./adv.比较级+than
the+最高级+比较范围
(1)as + adj./adv.原级+as
①在否定句或疑问句中可用so…as
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
②当as…as中间有名词时采用以下格式：as+adj.+a/an+n.或as+many/much+n.
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can.
③ 用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
④ 倍数+as+adj.+as=倍数+the+n.+of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
=This bridge is three times the length of that one.

Your room is twice as large as mine.
=Your room is twice the size of mine.

(2)adj./adv.比较级+than
You are taller than I.
The lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.
注意：
要避免重复使用比较级
(错)He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对)He is more clever than his brother.
(对)He is cleverer than his brother.
要避免将主语含在比较对象中
(错)China is larger than any country in Asia.
(对)China is larger than any other country in Asia.
要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才能有冠词
比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia.
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two girl.
可修饰比较级的词
① bit, a little, rather, much, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
② 用表示倍数的词或度量名词来作饰语，twice, double等
注：以上词(by far除外)，必须置于比较级或副词的前面
(3)the+最高级+比较范围
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
形容词最高级前面通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用
形容词most前没有the,不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较级范围内
(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brother.
(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
可修饰最高级的词：
by far, far, much, nearly, mostly, almost
This hat is the nearly/almost the biggest.
very可修饰最高级, 但位置与much不同
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
序数词通常只修饰最高级
Africa is the second largest continent.
(4)句型转换
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
“否定词+比较级”与“否定词+so…as”表示最高级含义
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
和比较级（more等有关的词组）
① the+比较级…, the+比较级… 越…就越…
The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make.
② more B than A 与其说A不如说B=(less A than B)
He is more lazy than slow at his work
He is less slow than lazy at his work.
与其说他做事慢，不如说他懒。
③ no more than… 与…一样， 不比…多
mo less…than…与…一样
The officials could see no more than the Emperor.
The officials could see as little as the Emperor.
官员们所见并不比皇帝多。（指都少）
He is no less diligent than you.
He is as diligent as you.
他和你一样勤奋。
④ more than不只是，非常
She is more than kind to us all.

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