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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2016/10/10,#,英 语 语 法,1,1/48,五种基本句型结构,2/48,主,谓,宾,SVO,I love you.,谓语动词由及物动词负担，必须加宾语。,3/48,主,谓,SV,He slept.,谓语动词由不及物动词负担，通常不需要宾语。,主谓宾与主谓结构之间含糊地带,He/sleeps/on the bed.(,主谓介短作地点状语,),He/look/after me.(,主谓介短作补语,),He/looked after/me.(,主短语动词作谓语宾语,),He/looked forward to/the future.,(,适当内部分析有利于了解,),4/48,主系,(,谓,),表,(,主补,),The man,is the,chairman of the committee,.,主谓宾宾补,(,主动语态,),People elected,the man,chairman of the committee,.,主谓主补（被动语态）,The man,was elected,chairman of the committee,.,主动双宾,5/48,系动词,连系动词（,linking verb,）,不表详细动作，仅连接,主语,和,其它成份,其它成份,主要用于描述,主语特点和性质,，故称,主语补语,，又称为,表语,。,主系,(,谓,),表,(,主补,),6/48,系动词,(,原生系动词,+,半系动词,),原生系动词,be(am/is/are,was/were,has been/have been,had been),半系动词（表感官,+,表状态转变,+,表状态保持）,7/48,表感官（看,/,听,/,闻,/,尝,/,感觉起来,+,似乎,）,Feel/look/sound/taste/smell,看,/,听,/,闻,/,尝,/,感觉起来,通惯用于以下三类结构,(a)She looks happy.,她看上去很高兴,.,(b)The wine tastes,like water,.,这酒味道像水一样,.,(c)The singer sounds,as though/if shes got a sore throat,.,这歌手声音听起来好像她嗓子疼,.,8/48,seem/,appear,Ann didnt seem very sure.,It seems a foolish decision now.,She didnt appear surprised at the news.,He appears a perfectly normal person.,They didnt appear at the party.,(show up),9/48,表状态转变,Become/grow/get/turn/fall/go/come,As time went on he grew more and more impatient.,Helen became famous.,The milk turned sour in the heat.,The handle has come loose.,10/48,表状态转变,fall asleep,The horse fell lame.,He fell silent.,Has she fallen ill again?,She fell prey to his charm.,她一下子被他迷住了,.,11/48,表状态保持,remain/stay/keep,We remained friends.,The boy remained silent.,He stayed single throughout his life.,They stayed friends for years.,Please keep quiet.,12/48,主动双宾,三方,Giver+Something(concrete/abstract)+Receiver,I gave,the book,to her.(concrete),I give you,my word,that this wont happen again.(abstract),Give,my love,to Mary when you see her.(abstract),13/48,通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后,直接宾语是动作直接承受对象,英语遵照句尾重心标准，所以本句型重心在直接宾语上,假如要强调间接宾语，普通可变形为,SVO+P.O.,14/48,注意双宾位置转换时介词改变情况,1.Give the book to me./Give me the book.,2.Buy a gift for his son./Buy his son a gift.,3.Explain(describe)the theory to me./Explain to me the theory.,4.Present her with an award./Present an award to her.,15/48,主谓双宾,和,主谓宾宾补,区分,主谓宾宾补如宾补为形容词,/,介短,/,副词无需区分,He left the door,open,.,The man found the woman,attractive,.,They painted the room,blue,.,They kept us,in the dark,about the plan.,They put,out,the fire.,Dinosaurs died,out,millions of years ago.,The switched,off,the light.,He jumped,off,the cliff.,16/48,主谓宾宾补,如宾补为名词则与双宾形似,17/48,Do you want me to make you a snowman,？,18/48,怎样消歧？,Want me to,build you a snowman,?,19/48,区分简易方法,I made him a pie.,I made him my assistant.,在动词后面两个名词中间插入适当系动词，看句子是否有意义,.,He is a pie.,(Excuse me?Seriously?Are you talking nonsense?Or are you in a wonderland?),He is my assistant.(It makes perfect sense.),20/48,思索：为何能够用这种消歧方法？,主谓双宾,三方,(giver+something+receiver),中,something,和,receiver,非共指关系,主谓宾宾补,宾宾补关系类似于主系主补中主语主补之间关系，为共指关系,21/48,基本句型扩大,分句并列与隶属,复合句（,compound sentence,）或并列句，用并列连词连接多个简单句组成句子,复杂句（,complex sentence,）或主从复合句，用代词、副词、连词把一个简单句作为另外一个简单句隶属成份句子,复合句和复杂句还能够融合为复合复杂句，也称为并列复杂句,22/48,复合句,复合句,=,简单句,1+,并列连词,+,简单句,2,并列连词为数不多，即,fanboys+and yet+and so,23/48,for,:Id better take an umbrella,for it is going to rain.,and,:He is handsome and the princess is willing to marry him.,nor,:The city is not beautiful,nor is it clean.,but,:I like action movies but she doesnt like them.,or,:Take the chance,or you will regret.,yet,:She hopes to improve writing,yet she never makes a plan for it.,and,yet,:She hopes to improve writing,and yet she never makes a plan for it.,so,:He was ill,so he didnt attend the class.,and,so,:He was ill,and so he didnt attend the class.,24/48,常见伪连词,therefore/however/moreover/furthermore/nonetheless/nevertheless/notwithstanding/then,错误使用方法,句子,1,however,句子,2.,句子,1,however,句子,2.,25/48,正确使用方法,句子,1;however,句子,2.,I gave her my opinion;however,she didnt care.,句子,1.However,句子,2.,I gave her my opinion.However,she didnt care.,句子,1.,句子,2,第一部分,however,句子,2,剩下部分,.,I gave her my opinion.She,however,didnt care.,句子,1.,句子,2,however.,I gave her my opinion.She didnt care,however.,26/48,并列连词特点,并列连词只能放在两个并列分句中间,Id better take an umbrella,for,it is going to rain.,Id better take an umbrella,because,it is going to rain.,For,it is going to rain,Id better take an umbrella,.,Because,it is going to rain,Id better take an umbrella.,27/48,复杂句,从句分类,名词性从句,(,主语从句,+,宾语从句,+,表语从句,+,同位语从句,),形容词性从句,(,或称定语从句,/,关系从句,),副词性从句,(,或称状语从句,),从句功效,作为主句隶属成份,28/48,复杂句定义,一个,主句,加一个,从句,从句,由,引导词,引导,从句作为主句一个,隶属成份,We headed back home,at five oclock,.(,介短作时间状语,),We headed back home,when we got off the train,.(,从句作时间状语,),When we got off the train,We headed back home.(,状语位置灵活,),29/48,名词性从句,(,主语从句,+,宾语从句,+,表语从句,+,同位语从句,),名词性从句,不一样类型,源于同一个从句在句子所充当,功效不一样,名词性从句引导词（,that+whether/if+,特殊疑问词）,（引导词必须跟后面引导部分一起读 举例）,30/48,分别对应简单句三种变形,that,对应陈说句,whether/if,对应普通疑问句,特殊疑问词 对应特殊疑问句,31/48,that+,完整句子（,that,只有宾语从句中省略，其它类不省）,that he worked out the problem(,他处理了这个问题,),whether/if+,完整句子,(if,只用于宾语从句，其它类不用,),whether/if he worked out the problem(,他是否处理了这个问题,),特殊疑问词陈说语序,how he worked out the problem(,他怎样处理了这个问题,),32/48,宾语从句,I know,(that)he,worked,out,the,problem,.,I dont know,whether,/,if,he,worked,out,the,problem,.,I want to know,how,he,worked,out,the,problem,.,33/48,表语从句,The fact is,that,he,worked,out,the,problem,.,The question is,whether,(,if,),he,worked,out,the,problem,.,The question is,how worked out the problem,.,The question is that how he worked out the problem.,引导词冗余叠用,34/48,主语从句,That he worked out the problem,is true.,It is true,that he worked out the problem,.,Whether,(if),he worked out the problem,is still unknown.,It is still unknown,whether he worked out the problem,.,How he worked out the problem,is still unknown.,It is still unknown,how,he worked out the problem,.,35/48,出现,形式主语在前真实主语在后,时不能误认为是宾语或表语从句,怎样区分？,1.,主语从句形式主语无一例外均为,it,。看主语位置上,it,是否为物主代词，是否有指代，如是，则不是主语从句。,36/48,That(,真实主语,)is very kind of you.,It,(,形式主语,)is very kind,of you to say so,(,不定式短语作真实主语,).,Tom lent me a novel,but,it,is hard to understand.,(,代词，指代,the novel),Tome lent me a novel,but,it,is hard to understand the plot.,(,形式主语，真实主语为,to understand the plot),37/48,假如是宾语从句，从句引导词之前必须为动词。,（有例外，尤其是谓语主动词是不及物动词时或被动语态时）,It,happened,that she was out when we called,.(it,为形式主语,),It,appears,that all the files have been deleted,.(it,为形式主语,),It,is found,that all the files have been deleted,.(it,为形式主语,),It indicates,that all the files have been deleted,.,(it,可能指代前文提及一些,evidence,that,引导宾语从句,),38/48,同位语从句,(,同位语从句必须附于一个抽象概括性强名词后面，不能单独出现,),同位语是什么？,Mr.Hu,a professor of history at Princeton University,is giving a lecture next month.,a professor of history at Princeton University,名词短语作,Mr.Hu,同位语，深入明确,Mr.Hu,身份信息,没有,Mr.Hu,同位语就不能称为同位语,39/48,名词短语与同位语之间关系类似于主系表结构中主语表语之间关系,Mr.Hu,a professor of history at Princeton University,is giving a lecture next month.,Mr.Hu,is,a professor of history at Princeton University,.,40/48,同位语从句与其它类名词性从句区分,同位语从句包含其引导词去掉时，原句语法依然完整，意义通顺。,主语、宾语、表语从句不能去掉，不然原句语法不完整。,The question,why he was absent,is still unanswered.,Why he was absent,is still unanswered.,I dont know,why he was absent,.,The question is,why he was absent,.,41/48,同位语从句依附于名词短语，这个名词短语能够做主句主语、宾语、表语。,而主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句只是依附于引导词，并独立作主语宾语或表语。,The question why he was absent,is still unanswered.(why,引导同位语从句,),Why he was absent,is still unanswered.(why,引导主语从句,),We still have no answer to,the question why he was absent,.(why,引导同位语从句,),We still have no answer to,why he was absent,.(why,引导介词,to,宾语从句,),42/48,常见后面加同位语从句名词,news,，,idea,，,fact,，,promise,，,question,，,doubt,，,thought,，,hope,，,message,，,suggestion,，,words,（消息），,possibility,I have come from Mr.Wang with a message,that he won,t be able to see you this afternoon,.,We cant rule out the possibility,that the details of the plan have already leaked out,.,43/48,同位语从句位置,通常紧跟在名词短语之后,有时被别词隔开，主要为了防止头重脚轻，这么句子特点是主句谓语部分较短,The news,that her husband had died in the war,came.,The news came,that her husband had died in the war,.,His theory,that all animals on land evolved from certain prehistoric creatures in the sea,is not supported.,His theory is not supported,that all animals on land evolved from certain prehistoric creatures in the sea,.,44/48,形容词性从句,(,定语从句,),英语中定语,定语是依附于名词，不单独使用，与名词共同组成名词词组,45/48,名词词组限定词,+,前置定语,+,名词中心词,+,后置定语,限定词冠词,/,物主代词,(hisits)/,指示代词,(thisthose)/,不定代词,(someany),等,前置定语,(,较短、通常为单词,),形容词,/,形容词词组,/,复合形容词,/,名词,/,名词词组,/-ing,分词,/-ed,分词,Some,very intelligent,medical college,students,a,three-year-old,student,astonishing,facts,excited,tears,后置定语,(,较长、通常为短语或句子,)=,介词词组,/,不定式短语,/-ing,分词短语,/-ed,分词短语,/,定语从句,46/48,定语从句中引导词又常称为关系词，分两类：,关系代词,that/which/who/whom/whose+,不完整句子,Its the only one that Ive left.,He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.,Is he the man who/that wants to see you?,They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.,关系副词,when/where/why+,完整句子,There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.,Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.,Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?,47/48,副词性从句,即状语从句，状语从句引导词只有副词和连词，所以只能引导完整句子，普通按意义分为,9,类：,时间：,When the dry desert ends,the green grass grows.,地点：,Where there is a will,there is a way.,原因：,Collecting provides relaxation for leisure hours,as just looking at ones treasures is always a joy.,目标：,Such a plan should be carried out so that the goal of education could be better met.,（注意这里,that,是连词）,结果：,Youth is so wonderful that it is a crime to waste it.,（注意这里,that,是连词）,条件,：,If the economy still develops at present way,the environment will be getting worse and worse.,让步：,Although advertisements are never without disadvantages,their advantages carry more weight.,比较：,The more we study,the better we understand life.(The+,比较级,the+,比较级,),方式：,If we cannot do as we would,we must do as we can.,48/48,
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