形容词及副词专题精讲精练.doc

（一）形容词基本用法1、 了解形容词主要用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。Be careful about what you say. 说话要小心。The sunset was a beautiful sight. 日落是一种美丽的景象。I find it easy to get on with him. 我发现和他相处很容易。2、形容词常用句型（重点）1. “Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。Its very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我，真好。Its very rude of her to say such words. 她说这样的话，真粗鲁。Its foolish of him to go alone. 他单独出去太傻了。2.“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language. 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。Its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. 对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。Its necessary for us to get to school on time. 对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad(高兴的)，pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。例如， Im very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。4.表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。（二）了解定语形容词和表语形容词一般说来，形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但是，有些形容词只用于名词前作定语，它们被称为定语形容词，而另有一些形容词则只用作表语，它们被称为表语形容词。1. 常见的定语形容词有elder(年岁较大的), eldest(最年长的), indoor (室内的), outdoor(室外的), daily(每天的), everyday(每天的), weekly(每周的), monthly(每月的), yearly(每年的), last(最后的), wooden(木制的), woolen(毛纺的)等。如：I like wooden furniture. 我喜欢木制家具。School is an everyday event for most children. 对大多数孩子来说，上学是每天都要做的事。2. 常见的表语形容词有afraid(害怕的), alike(相同的), alive(活着的), alone(单独的), ashamed(羞愧的), asleep(睡着的), awake(醒着的), aware(意识到的), ill(有病的), well(身体健康的), glad(高兴的), pleased(高兴的), sorry(难过的), content(满意的), fond(喜欢的)等。如：Is the baby still asleep? 这个婴儿还在睡觉吗？My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。We are not content with the present achievements. 我们不满足于目前的成就。（四）副词基本用法1、副词的用法主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。He knew London very well. 他对伦敦很熟悉。You need to form the habit of reading carefully. 你需要养成仔细阅读的习惯。2、常见副词用法辨析1.already与yetHe had already left when I called.当我给他打电话时，他已经离开了。Have you found your ruler yet？你已经找到你的尺子了吗？I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。2 very，much和very much John is very honest.约翰非常诚实。 This garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。 Thank you very much.非常感谢你 3.so与suchMy brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。 He is so clever a boy. =He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正) It is so cold weather.(误)They are such good students.他们是那么好的学生。(正) They are so good students. (误)4.also，too，as well与eitherMy father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too.我爸爸是一名老师，我妈妈也是。I cant speak French. Jenny cant speak French，either.我不会说法语，詹妮也不会。5.sometime，sometimes，some time与some timessometime：某一时间，某一时刻，可指将来时，也可指过去时sometimes：有时，不时的some time：一段时间some times：几次，几倍 Well have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间，我们要进行一次测试。Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙，有时不忙。He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。I have been to Beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。6.ago与beforeI saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。7.now，just与just nowWhere does he live now？他现在住哪里？We have just seen the film.我们刚看过这场电影。He was here just now.他刚才在这里。（五）形容词与副词的比较级与最高级n 形容词和副词级的变化：大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级： 原级： 和一样比较级： 比较.，更.一些最高级： 最.1、一般构成规律：词的特征 变 化 例 词 原 级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词 直接加-er, -est stronghigh strongerhigher strongesthighest 以e结尾的词 加-r, -st widenice widernicer widestnicest 以单个辅音字母（非r）结尾的单音节词 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -est fatthin fatterthinner fattestthinnest 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词 变y为i，再加-er,-est heavyhappy heavierhappier heaviesthappiest 少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词 直接加-er; -est clevernarrow cleverernarrower cleverestnarrowest 多数双音节词多音节词和源于分词的形容词 在原级前加more, most stupiddifficulttired more stupidmore difficultmore tired most stupidmost difficultmost tired 2、常见的不规则变化：原 级 比较级最高级 good well betterbest bad badly ill worseworst many much moremost little lessleast far fartherfurtherfarthestfurthest old olderelderoldesteldest 3、常见的比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法：（1） 原级的用法：肯定句型： as + 形容词（副词）原级 + as 意思是 “与一样” The boy is as clever as his brother. 这个男孩和他的哥哥一样聪明。 Lucy writes as carefully as Lily. 露茜写得和莉莉一样认真。否定句型：not so/as + 形容词（副词）原级 +as 意思是“不如“Monkeys are not as strong as elephants. 猴子不如大象强壮。He is not so good a man as you. 他没有你好。（2） 比较级的用法：1、比较级+than Peter is wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明。The car is more beautiful than that one. 这来辆车比那一辆漂亮。2、形容词比较级前可用much, even, still, any, far, four times, a little等修饰。Peter is much wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明的多。 The room is a little brighter than that one. 这间房子比那间稍微亮一点。3、比较级+and+比较级 意思是“越来越.”It rains harder and harder.雨下得越来越大。4、The+比较级，the+比较级 意思是“越.就越.”The harder you study, the faster you make progress.你学习越努力，进步就越快。5、比较级+than any other+单数名词. 意思是“比其它的任何一个都更”（这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。）He is more stupid than any other student in his class.在他班里他比其它任何学生都更愚蠢。She is taller than any other girl in the team. 她比队里的其余任何一个女孩都要高。（3） 最高级的用法：1、有范围修饰的用最高级，如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的句子中。 This is the most expensive of all the watches.在所有这些表中这块最贵。2、序数词+最高级+名词 表示“第几个最的”The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二大河流。The park is the third largest one in Beijing. 这个公园是北京第三大公园。3、one of the+最高级+复数名词 表示“是最之一”America is one of the richest countries in the world.美国是世界上最富有的国家之一。One of the most beautiful places in Beijing is the Summer Palace. 北京最美丽的地方之一是颐和园。4、形容词最高级前一定要用the，而副词最高级前可省略。 The elephant is the heaviest in the zoo.大象是这个动物园里最重的动物。She came (the) earliest of all the students.所有学生中她来得最早。n 常用副词在句中的位置：1、时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般置于句末。They met in China last year. 他们去年在中国见面了。Its raining hard outside. 外面雨下得很大。The students are reading English loudly. 学生们在大声朗读英语。2、强调时间时，时间副词可置于句首。Last year they met in China.3、时间副词和地点副词前一定不要加介词。She is on her way home. 她正在回家的路上。4、频度副词在句中的位置有两种：（1）实义动词之前：I usually play football on Friday afternoon.我通常周五下午踢足球。I seldom watch TV.我很少看电视。（2）be动词、情态动词和第一助动词之后Mr. Green is always busy.格林先生一直很忙。I have never seen him before.以前我从未见过他。Step 3 课堂巩固一 选择正确答案：1 I have _to do today.A. anything importantB. something importantC. important nothing D. important something2 Is chemistry more difficult than physics？No，chemistry isnt as _as physics.A. easyB. difficultC. easierD. more difficult3. Beijing is becoming _and _.A. more beautiful，moreB. beautiful，beautifulC. more，more beautifulD. more beautiful，more beautiful4._ children there are in a family，_their life will be.A. The less，the betterB. The fewer，the betterC. Fewer，richerD. More，poorer5. The experiment was _ easier than we had expected.A. moreB. much moreC. muchD. more much6 Oct 15th was one of _ days in 2003.The Shenzhou-V was sent up successfully.A. excitingB. more excitingC. the most excitingD. much exciting7.Its seven oclock in the afternoon，but they are _ having a meeting.A alreadyB. stillC. yetD. ever8.Remember not to speak _ when we are in the reading room.A. fastB. slowlyC. politelyD. loudly9.“_ has this food store been in business？” _“Since 2001.”A. How long B. How often C. How old D. How soon10.What was the weather like yesterday？It was terrible. It rained so _ that people could _ go out.A. hardlyhardB. hardlyhardlyC. hardhardlyD. hardhard 11. The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill. A. Others B. Other C. Another D. The other 12. There isnt _ in todays newspaper. A. important something B. important anything C. anything important D. nothing important 13.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sisters? -No, Mum. Its not _. Its _. A. hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D. hers, mine 14.The Changjiang River is the third _ river in the world. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 15. An elephant is _ than a horse. A. more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong 16. Which do you like _, tea, orange or water? A. good B. Well C. Better D. Best 二 用所给单词的正确形式填空：1 When I looked out of the window, it was snowing _(heavy).2 The computer can _(easily) work out the problem in no time.3 The eruption was _ (disaster) and deadly and the city of Pompeii was buried.4 I got up late yesterday, but _(lucky), I managed to go to school in time.5 Paper catches fire _(easy).6 After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _(safe) at last.7 The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hongkong so _(easy).8 Watch _(care), and you will find the difference between the two pictures.9 Grandpa is sitting _(comfortable) in the sofa, enjoying the view through the big window of our new flat.10 The new carpet is _(spot) clean. Shall we take off our shoes before entering the room?11 China is becoming more and more _(powerful).12 The children were _(real) excited when they saw the two pandas, Twantwan and Yuanyuan.13 He goes to hospital _(often) than before.14 Bad luck, we got there only ten minutes_(late).15 Mr. Smith looked _(care) at the notice.16 I am _(true) sorry for what I have said.17 The man was _(serious) ill so we took him to hospital at once.18 He was _(great) surprised when he heard the news.19 They went on strike because they were _(bad) paid.20 The young mother is singing _(soft) to her baby son now.21 Quite a few _(wood)houses have been built for the tourists around the lake.22 The fishermen are told to be more careful on _(wind) days.23 _(freeze) food is convenient to cook so its a craze in supermarket.24 To lovely Shanghainese, we should be helpful and _(friend) to others.25 When the firemen arrived at the house, it was _(full) with smoke.26 The situation in that country is _(danger). Youd better not go there.27 It is _(fool) of Peter to pay so much money for clothes.28 I am _(please) to meet you here.29 The song My Heart Will Go On in the film Titanic sounds _(wonder).30 We were _(surprise) to learn that he was French.31 Do you think they will be _(luck) enough to get the first prize.32 It weighs two hundred pounds. Its 50 inches high and 25 inches wide. How _(length) is it?33 It was a very _(enjoy) game.34 The boy has a _(quickly) mind.35 The small river becomes even _(dirty).36 During the _(rush) hours, the buses are terribly _(crowd).37 Do you call this a _(physics) change?38 John is the _(tall) one of the two.39 She looked _(excite) at the news.40 The wounded soldier is getting even _(ill).三 句型转换：1 Something is wrong with my computer.（保持愿意）There is _ _ with my computer.2 They spent two hours digging a hole that was five feet deep. （保持愿意）They spent several hours digging a _hole. （保持愿意）3 Most of us dont think math is as difficult as English. （保持愿意）Most of us think math is _ _English.4 The boy looks tall and thin.（对划线部分提问）_ _ the boy look like?5 Comrade Wu is so careless that he cant do the job well.Comrade Wu isnt _ _ _ do the job well.6 No fish can live long on land. （保持愿意）No fish can live long _ _water.7 None of them put up their hands except tom（保持愿意）_ Tom _ his hand.8 Will you stay a few days longer? （保持愿意）Will you stay a few _days？9 Li Lei gets up the earliest of the three boys. （保持愿意）Li Lei gets up _ _ _ _ _ boys.10 Nobody else in his class can speak English as fluently as he. （保持愿意）He _ English _ fluent in his class.Step 4 课后任务：一 用所给单词的正确形式填空：1 Mary prefers _ (China) food to Japanese food.2 Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck are _(love).3 Robots can do a lot of things. They are _(help).4 The question is _(easily) to answer.5 English is _(use), isnt it?6 Its _(possible) for men to live on the moon because there is no air or water there.7 You look _(health) than before.8 The dictionary is cheap and _(help) as well.9 Mary is very _(care). She never makes mistakes of this kind.10 It is _(safely) to swim in a swimming pool than in a river.11 The sick man is getting _ (ill).12 The _(finally) exams usually take place at the end of June.13 The girl was so _(frighten) that she hid herself behind the door.14 On a _ (clearly) night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky.15 Lucy looks _(fun) in Mums shoes.16 In _(freeze) weather, the old had better stay at home.17 Such cold weather is quite _(usually) in June and people have to wear warm clothes again.18 That girl is the most _(act) member in the school singing group.19 Many people caught cold last month because of the _(change) weather.20 Anyone who finds _(home) animals, please send them to the SPCA kennels.二 按要求改写句子：1 He was so weak that he couldnt walk that far. （保持愿意）He was _ _ _ walk that far.He wasnt _ _ _ walk that far.2 Its silly of you to learn English without speaking.（改为感叹句）_ _ _ _ _ to learn English without speaking!3 Yao Ming is an excellent Chinese basketball player. （改为感叹句）_ _ excellent Chinese basketball player Yao Ming is!4 The bread on the table is very delicious（改为感叹句） the bread on the table！ 5 He wasnt old enough to join the army. （保持愿意）He was _ _ _ join the army.6 His computer