形容词及副词专题精讲精练.doc

（一）形容词基本用法
1、 了解形容词
主要用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。
Be careful about what you say. 说话要小心。
The sunset was a beautiful sight. 日落是一种美丽的景象。
I find it easy to get on with him. 我发现和他相处很容易。

2、形容词常用句型（重点）
1. “It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。
注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我，真好。
　It’s very rude of her to say such words. 她说这样的话，真粗鲁。
　It’s foolish of him to go alone. 他单独出去太傻了。

2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。
注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。
It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language. 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。
It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. 对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。
It’s necessary for us to get to school on time. 对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。

3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad(高兴的)，pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。
例如， I’m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。

4.表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。
Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。
He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。

（二）了解定语形容词和表语形容词
一般说来，形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但是，有些形容词只用于名词前作定语，它们被称为定语形容词，而另有一些形容词则只用作表语，它们被称为表语形容词。
1. 常见的定语形容词有elder(年岁较大的), eldest(最年长的), indoor (室内的), outdoor(室外的), daily(每天的), everyday(每天的), weekly(每周的), monthly(每月的), yearly(每年的), last(最后的), wooden(木制的), woolen(毛纺的)等。如：
I like wooden furniture. 我喜欢木制家具。
School is an everyday event for most children. 对大多数孩子来说，上学是每天都要做的事。

2. 常见的表语形容词有afraid(害怕的), alike(相同的), alive(活着的), alone(单独的), ashamed(羞愧的), asleep(睡着的), awake(醒着的), aware(意识到的), ill(有病的), well(身体健康的), glad(高兴的), pleased(高兴的), sorry(难过的), content(满意的), fond(喜欢的)等。如：
Is the baby still asleep? 这个婴儿还在睡觉吗？
My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。
We are not content with the present achievements. 我们不满足于目前的成就。

（四）副词基本用法
1、副词的用法
主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。
He knew London very well. 他对伦敦很熟悉。
You need to form the habit of reading carefully. 你需要养成仔细阅读的习惯。

2、常见副词用法辨析
1.already与yet
　　He had already left when I called.当我给他打电话时，他已经离开了。
　　Have you found your ruler yet？你已经找到你的尺子了吗？
　　I haven’t finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。
　　2 very，much和very much
　　 John is very honest.约翰非常诚实。
　　 This garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。
　　 Thank you very much.非常感谢你
　　 3.so与such
　　My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
　　He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。
　 He is so clever a boy. =He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。
　　It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正) It is so cold weather.(误)
　　They are such good students.他们是那么好的学生。(正) They are so good students. (误)
　　4.also，too，as well与either
　　My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.
　　=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.
　　=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too.我爸爸是一名老师，我妈妈也是。
　　I can’t speak French.. Jenny can’t speak French，either.我不会说法语，詹妮也不会。
　　5.sometime，sometimes，some time与some times
　　sometime：某一时间，某一时刻，可指将来时，也可指过去时
　　sometimes：有时，不时的
　　some time：一段时间
　　some times：几次，几倍
　 We’ll have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间，我们要进行一次测试。
　　Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙，有时不忙。
　　He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。
　　I have been to Beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。
　　6.ago与before
　　I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。
　　He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。
　　7.now，just与just now
　　Where does he live now？他现在住哪里？
　　We have just seen the film.我们刚看过这场电影。
　　He was here just now.他刚才在这里。

（五）形容词与副词的比较级与最高级
n 形容词和副词级的变化：
大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：
原级： …和…一样
比较级： 比较...，更...一些
最高级： 最...
1、一般构成规律：
词的特征
变   化
例   词
原  级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词
直接加-er, -est
strong
high
stronger
higher
strongest
highest
以e结尾的词
加-r, -st
wide
nice
wider
nicer
widest
nicest
以单个辅音字母（非r）结尾的单音节词
双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -est
fat
thin
fatter
thinner
fattest
thinnest
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词
变y为i，再加-er,-est
heavy
happy
heavier
happier
heaviest
happiest
少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词
直接加-er; -est
clever
narrow
cleverer
narrower
cleverest
narrowest
多数双音节词
多音节词和源于分词的形容词
在原级前加more, most
stupid
difficult
tired
more stupid
more difficult
more tired
most stupid
most difficult
most tired

2、常见的不规则变化：
原   级
比较级
最高级
good    well
better
best
bad     badly    ill
worse
worst
many    much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther
further
farthest
furthest
old
older
elder
oldest
eldest

3、常见的比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法：
（1） 原级的用法：
①肯定句型：
as + 形容词（副词）原级 + as …     意思是 “与……一样”
The boy is as clever as his brother.  这个男孩和他的哥哥一样聪明。
Lucy writes as carefully as Lily. 露茜写得和莉莉一样认真。
②否定句型：
not so/as + 形容词（副词）原级 +as…      意思是“不如……“
Monkeys are not as strong as elephants.  猴子不如大象强壮。
He is not so good a man as you.  他没有你好。

（2） 比较级的用法：
1、比较级+than
Peter is wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明。
The car is more beautiful than that one. 这来辆车比那一辆漂亮。
2、形容词比较级前可用much, even, still, any, far, four times, a little等修饰。
Peter is much wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明的多。
The room is a little brighter than that one. 这间房子比那间稍微亮一点。
3、比较级+and+比较级    意思是“越来越…...”
 It rains harder and harder.雨下得越来越大。
4、The+比较级，the+比较级   意思是“越…...就越…...”
The harder you study, the faster you make progress.　你学习越努力，进步就越快。
5、比较级+than any other+单数名词.  意思是“比其它的任何一个……都更……”（这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。）
He is more stupid than any other student in his class.　在他班里他比其它任何学生都更愚蠢。
She is taller than any other girl in the team. 　她比队里的其余任何一个女孩都要高。

（3） 最高级的用法：
1、有范围修饰的用最高级，如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的句子中。
This is the most expensive of all the watches.在所有这些表中这块最贵。
2、序数词+最高级+名词  表示“第几个最……的”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二大河流。
The park is the third largest one in Beijing. 这个公园是北京第三大公园。
3、one of the+最高级+复数名词  表示“是最……之一”
America is one of the richest countries in the world.美国是世界上最富有的国家之一。
One of the most beautiful places in Beijing is the Summer Palace.
  北京最美丽的地方之一是颐和园。
4、形容词最高级前一定要用the，而副词最高级前可省略。
The elephant is the heaviest in the zoo.大象是这个动物园里最重的动物。
She came (the) earliest of all the students.所有学生中她来得最早。

n 常用副词在句中的位置：
1、时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般置于句末。
They met in China last year. 他们去年在中国见面了。
It’s raining hard outside. 外面雨下得很大。
The students are reading English loudly. 学生们在大声朗读英语。
2、强调时间时，时间副词可置于句首。
Last year they met in China.
3、时间副词和地点副词前一定不要加介词。
She is on her way home. 她正在回家的路上。
4、频度副词在句中的位置有两种：
（1）实义动词之前：
I usually play football on Friday afternoon.我通常周五下午踢足球。
I seldom watch TV.我很少看电视。
（2）be动词、情态动词和第一助动词之后
Mr. Green is always busy.格林先生一直很忙。
I have never seen him before.以前我从未见过他。
Step 3 课堂巩固
一 选择正确答案：
1 I have _____to do today.
A. anything important　　B. something important
　　C. important nothing　　 D. important something
2 ——— Is chemistry more difficult than physics？
　———No，chemistry isn’t as ____as physics.
　　A. easy　 　B. difficult　　 C. easier　 　D. more difficult
3. Beijing is becoming _________and _______.
　　A. more beautiful，more　　B. beautiful，beautiful
　　C. more，more beautiful　　D. more beautiful，more beautiful
4.______ children there are in a family，_____their life will be.
　　A. The less，the better　　 B. The fewer，the better
　　C. Fewer，richer 　　D. More，poorer
5. The experiment was ________ easier than we had expected.
　　A. more　 　B. much more　　 C. much　　 D. more much
6 Oct 15th was one of ________ days in 2003.The Shenzhou-V was sent up successfully.
　　A. exciting　 　B. more exciting　　C. the most exciting　　D. much exciting
7.It’s seven o’clock in the afternoon，but they are ______ having a meeting.
　　A already　 　B. still　 　C. yet　　 D. ever
8.Remember not to speak _______ when we are in the reading room.
　　A. fast　 　B. slowly　　 C. politely　　 D. loudly
9.“______ has this food store been in business？”
　　 _______“Since 2001.”
　　A. How long　　 B. How often　　 C. How old　 　D. How soon
10.———What was the weather like yesterday？
———It was terrible. It rained so ___ that people could _________ go out.
A. hardly…hard　　B. hardly…hardly　　C. hard…hardly　　D. hard…hard
11. The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill.
A. Others B. Other C. Another D. The other
12. There isn't _____ in today's newspaper.
A. important something B. important anything C. anything important D. nothing important
13.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister's?
-No, Mum. It's not ______. It's ______.
A. hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D. hers, mine
14.The Changjiang River is the third __ river in the world.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
15. An elephant is _____ than a horse.
A. more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong
16. Which do you like _____, tea, orange or water?
A. good B. Well C. Better D. Best

二 用所给单词的正确形式填空：
1 When I looked out of the window, it was snowing ________(heavy).
2 The computer can ________(easily) work out the problem in no time.
3 The eruption was ________ (disaster) and deadly and the city of Pompeii was buried.
4 I got up late yesterday, but ________(lucky), I managed to go to school in time.
5 Paper catches fire ________(easy).
6 After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed ________(safe) at last.
7 The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hongkong so ________(easy).
8 Watch ________(care), and you will find the difference between the two pictures.
9 Grandpa is sitting ________(comfortable) in the sofa, enjoying the view through the big window of our new flat.
10 The new carpet is ________(spot) clean. Shall we take off our shoes before entering the room?
11 China is becoming more and more ________(powerful).
12 The children were ________(real) excited when they saw the two pandas, Twantwan and Yuanyuan.
13 He goes to hospital __________(often) than before.
14 Bad luck, we got there only ten minutes________(late).
15 Mr. Smith looked ________(care) at the notice.
16 I am ________(true) sorry for what I have said.
17 The man was ________(serious) ill so we took him to hospital at once.
18 He was ________(great) surprised when he heard the news.
19 They went on strike because they were ________(bad) paid.
20 The young mother is singing ________(soft) to her baby son now.
21 Quite a few ________(wood)houses have been built for the tourists around the lake.
22 The fishermen are told to be more careful on ________(wind) days.
23 ________(freeze) food is convenient to cook so it’s a craze in supermarket.
24 To lovely Shanghainese, we should be helpful and ________(friend) to others.
25 When the firemen arrived at the house, it was ________(full) with smoke.
26 The situation in that country is ________(danger). You’d better not go there.
27 It is ________(fool) of Peter to pay so much money for clothes.
28 I am ________(please) to meet you here.
29 The song My Heart Will Go On in the film Titanic sounds ________(wonder).
30 We were ________(surprise) to learn that he was French.
31 Do you think they will be ________(luck) enough to get the first prize.
32 It weighs two hundred pounds. It’s 50 inches high and 25 inches wide. How ________(length) is it?
33 It was a very ________(enjoy) game.
34 The boy has a ________(quickly) mind.
35 The small river becomes even ________(dirty).
36 During the ________(rush) hours, the buses are terribly ________(crowd).
37 Do you call this a ________(physics) change?
38 John is the ________(tall) one of the two.
39 She looked ________(excite) at the news.
40 The wounded soldier is getting even ________(ill).

三 句型转换：
1 Something is wrong with my computer.（保持愿意）
There is __________ __________ with my computer.
2 They spent two hours digging a hole that was five feet deep. （保持愿意）
They spent several hours digging a _______________hole. （保持愿意）
3 Most of us don’t think math is as difficult as English. （保持愿意）
Most of us think math is ________ _______English.
4 The boy looks tall and thin.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ the boy look like?
5 Comrade Wu is so careless that he can’t do the job well.
　Comrade Wu isn’t ______ ______ ______ do the job well.
6 No fish can live long on land. （保持愿意）
No fish can live long _________ ________water.
7 None of them put up their hands except tom（保持愿意）
________ Tom ________ his hand.
8 Will you stay a few days longer? （保持愿意）
Will you stay a few ________days？
9 Li Lei gets up the earliest of the three boys. （保持愿意）
Li Lei gets up ________ ________ ________ _________ _________ boys.
10 Nobody else in his class can speak English as fluently as he. （保持愿意）
He ________ English ________ fluent in his class.

Step 4 课后任务：
一 用所给单词的正确形式填空：
1 Mary prefers ________ (China) food to Japanese food.
2 Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck are ________(love).
3 Robots can do a lot of things. They are ________(help).
4 The question is ________(easily) to answer.
5 English is ________(use), isn’t it?
6 It’s ________(possible) for men to live on the moon because there is no air or water there.
7 You look ________(health) than before.
8 The dictionary is cheap and ________(help) as well.
9 Mary is very ________(care). She never makes mistakes of this kind.
10 It is _______(safely) to swim in a swimming pool than in a river.
11 The sick man is getting ________ (ill).
12 The ________(finally) exams usually take place at the end of June.
13 The girl was so ________(frighten) that she hid herself behind the door.
14 On a ________ (clearly) night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky.
15 Lucy looks ________(fun) in Mum’s shoes.
16 In ________(freeze) weather, the old had better stay at home.
17 Such cold weather is quite ______(usually) in June and people have to wear warm clothes again.
18 That girl is the most ________(act) member in the school singing group.
19 Many people caught cold last month because of the ________(change) weather.
20 Anyone who finds ________(home) animals, please send them to the SPCA kennels.

二 按要求改写句子：
1 He was so weak that he couldn’t walk that far. （保持愿意）
He was ________ ________ ________ walk that far.
He wasn’t ________ ________ ________ walk that far.
2 It’s silly of you to learn English without speaking.（改为感叹句）
________ _________ ________ ________ ________ to learn English without speaking!
3 Yao Ming is an excellent Chinese basketball player. （改为感叹句）
________ ________ excellent Chinese basketball player Yao Ming is!
4 The bread on the table is very delicious．（改为感叹句）
                     the bread on the table          ！
5 He wasn’t old enough to join the army. （保持愿意）
　He was ______ ______ ______ join the army.
6 His computer