直接引语间接引语.doc

引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。直接引语1和间接引语之间可以互相转换。
引语四点变化
时态变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句的时态如下表：
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时（不变）
过去进行时
过去进行时（不变）
can
could
may
might
must
must/ had to
祈使句
不定式
如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to，must, need)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。
2时间状语，地点状语，指示代词、动词
直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和动词也要作相应的变动。

直接引语
间接引语
时间状语
now 现在
then 那时；当时
时间状语
today 今天
that day 那天
时间状语
tonight 今晚
that night 那天晚上
时间状语
this week 本周
that week 上周
时间状语
yesterday 昨天
the day before前一天
时间状语
the day before yesterday 前天
two days before 前两天
时间状语
three days ago三天以前
three days before 前三天
时间状语
last week 上周
the last week 前一周
时间状语
tomorrow 明天
the next day /the following day第二天
时间状语
next week 下周
the next week 第二个星期
时间状语
next month下个月
the following month第二个月
时间状语
this morning这个早晨
that morning那个早晨
时间状语
ago/last以前/最后
before之前
指示代词
this 这
that 那
指示代词
these 这些
those 那些
地点状语
here 这里
there 那里
动词
come 来
go 去
动词
bring带来
take带去
注：直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化应视实际情况而定。假如就在当天转述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等就不需改变；如果在当地转述，here也不必改为there，come也不必改为go。另外，直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
如何变句型
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：
She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.
如：
He said, "Can you swim, John?"
→He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈
述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell (ask) sb (not) to do sth."句型。
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如：
He said, "Let’s go to the film."
→He suggested going to the film.
或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
⑥直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。
She said, "What a lovely day it is !"
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
⑦如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
人称变化
遵从一主二宾三不变
一主： 从句的第一人称随主句的主语变化。
eg： “I have bought an expensive car , ” said the boss.→The boss said he had bought an expensive car.
二宾： 从句的第二人称随主句的宾语变化。
eg: I often tell him , "You are luckiest boy I have ever seen . " → I often tell him he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen . “
三不变：从句的第三人称不需要变化。
注意
在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
②直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
③当直接引语表示为名人名言或谚语时,时态不变.
④若直接引语为客观真理，时态不变，常考的有：
Light travels faster than sound.光速比声速快
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转
The moon goes around the earth.月球绕着地球转