高考必备经典句型.doc

高考必备经典句型
1．…when…引导并列分句，“当时突然”，强调另一个动作的突然发生。
I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help.
我正沿河边走，突然听到了一个溺水儿童的求救声。
I was about to leave when it began to rain.   
我正准备离开，这时候天开始下雨。
2．while = although “尽管”
While I was angry with her, I didn’t lose my temper.
虽然很生气，但我当时并没有对她发脾气。
3．no sooner…than…=hardly/scarcely/barely…when…一…就…，刚刚…就…
no sooner/hardly + 过去完成时，than/when + 一般过去时
如果no sooner, hardly位于句首，主句要倒装。
He had hardly gone to bed when the door bell rang.
Hardly had we arrived when she started crying to go home.
我们刚一到，她就闹着要回家。
4．as soon as… 一…就…
= directly/immediately/presently/instantly…
= the second/the minute/the moment/the instant…
I shall come as soon as /the moment/immediately I finish my supper. 
 吃过晚饭我就过来。
They informed us the news immediately/directly they got the news. 
 他们一得到消息就通知了我们。
She came to the spot the moment/ the minute she heard of the accident.
一听说有事故，她就到了现场。
5．...until... 直到...时候      not...until... 直到...才...
You are to stay here until/till your mother comes back.
The meeting was put off until ten o’clock.   会议被推迟到10点。
Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.（倒装句）
=The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.
It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed. （强调句）
=He didn’t go to the bed until his mother came back.
6．...before...特殊用法（1）没来得及...就...
He ran off before I could stop him.我还没来得及组织他，她已经跑了。
7．...before...特殊用法（2）
“过了多久才怎么样”或“动作进行到什么程度才怎么样”
He almost knocked me down before he knew it.他几乎快把我撞到了才看见我。
Three years went by before I knew it.不知不觉，三年过去了。
8．It was + 时间段 + before... “过了多久才怎么样...”
It was not long before... 不久，就怎么样...
It will (not) be + 时间段 + before ...要过多久（不久）...才...
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.   
不久他就意识到他处境的危险。
It was three days before he came back.   三天后他才回来。
It will be half a year before you graduate from this school.要过半年你才能毕业。
9. Since... 自从...以来
Since he lived in Nanjing, I have not heard from him.
(= Since he left Nanjing, ...)   自从他离开南京以来，我没有收到过他的信。
10．It is (has been) + 时间段 + since + 过去时    自从...到现在多久了
It is/has been two years since his father died.
11. once “一旦......”表示时间和条件
Once you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.
一旦你理解了这条规律，你就不再感到难了。
12． where... （地点状语）
You should put the book where it was.　把书放回原处。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
13． as (so) ... as... “和...一样”；同级比较
Henry is as good a player as Petre (is).  Henry与Peter一样，都是好运动员。
We’ll give you as much help as we can. 我们将尽可能地帮助你。
My handwriting is not as(so)good as yours(is).
14. the + 比较级，the + 比较级... “越......，越......”
The more you read, the better you understand.
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.票卖的多，钱挣的就越多。
The sooner, the better. 越快，越好。
15. no + 比较级 + than 表示A和B都不......
not + 比较级 + than 　　表示A不如B
This book is no more interesting than that one. 这本书和那本书都没有趣味。
This book is not more interesting than that one. 这本书不如那本书更有趣。
16. more than “不仅仅”
   no more than只不过” “仅仅” =only
   not more than不多于= at most
   There are no more than ten students in the classroom. 教室里仅有10个学生。
   There are not more than ten students in the classroom. 教室里最多有10个学生。
   He is no more than a child, so I don’t take him too seriously.
　他不过是个孩子，所以我根本不把他当回事。
17. more + adj. / n. + than + adj. / n. 与其说...倒不如说...
He is more like his father than his mother. 与其说他像他母亲，倒不如说他更像他父亲。
He is more of a student than of a teacher. 与其说他是个老师，倒不如说他是个学生。
He is more clever than diligent. 与其说他勤奋不如说他聪明。
18. as引导的行为方式状语从句
Please do exactly as your doctor says. 请按医生的吩咐做。
You must do the exercises just as I show you. 按我教给你的去做。
19. as it is = as things are 照现在的情形看
He promised to study hard, but as it is ,he does no better than before.
他原答应要更加努力地学习。但照现在的情形看，他和以前没什么两样。
Life is difficult as it is. 生活本来就不容易。
20. though, although, as 引导的让步状语从句
although位于句首；though位于句首或句中；
as 位于句中= though 它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。
Although / though I’m young, I already know what career I want to follow.
→ Young as / though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.
我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。
Although I respect him very much, I can not agree with his idea.
→ Much as / though I respect him, I can not agree with his idea.
Although / though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
→ Child as / though he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
Although he might try, he couldn’t solve the problem.
→ Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem.
Although it is raining, I am going out for a walk.
→Raining as it is, I am going out for a walk.
21. whether ... or “不管...还是”
Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned.
无论天气好坏，他们都要按计划出发。
22. 疑问词+ even
whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 均可引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter 与what, who, which, when, where, how连用
Whatever(=No matter what)may happen, we shall not lose hope.
Whoever / No matter who comes, he will be welcome.
Whenever / No matter when it happened, it was certainly not yesterday.
Wherever / No matter where he went, he made friends with people.
Whichever / No matter which he chooses, he may take it away with him.
 However / No matter how hard I have tried, I can’t find the answer.
23. unless 除非，如果不... （= if ... not）
I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.明天我要出去，除非下雨。
I won’t go unless he comes here to invite me himself.   除非他邀请我，不然我是不会去的。
I won’t attend his birthday party unless invited(=unless I am invited).
 24. as / so long as 只要...
So (As) long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed. 只要你坚持下去，你肯定会成功。
25. supposing, suppose (that) 假定；假如
Suppose / Supposing (that) I don’t have a day off, what shall we do?
假如我没有一天的假，我们该怎么办？
26. providing, provided (that) = on condition that 假如，假设，在......条件下
I’ll lend you the money on condition that you can return it in three months.
只要你三个月能偿还，我就把钱借给你。
I’ll go providing / provided that my expenses are paid. 要是我的费用有人代付我就去。
27. given (that) ... = take ... into consideration鉴于；考虑到
Given the government’s record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor.
鉴于政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳，他们在选举中获胜的机会似乎不大。
28. in case (that)... 万一；以防，作连词或副词用。
in case of + n. 万一
In case (that) John comes / should come, please tell him to wait. 万一他来了，请告诉我。
(in case that 后谓语用一般现在时或should + V原形)
Please take you umbrella in case (that it rains / should rain).请带上雨伞，以防下雨。
In case of fire, what should we do? 万一有火灾，我们该怎么办？
29.祈使句（条件）+ or else / or / otherwise + 主句（表结果）...... 否则 ......，要不然 ......
Please call me up before you come, otherwise / or else / or we might be out.
你来之前请打个电话，否则，我们也许会出去。
30. 祈使句（表条件）+ and + 主句（表结果）
Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。
Work hard and you will make progress every day. 好好学习，天天向上。
One more word, and I will teach you a good lesson. 你要再多说一个字，我就会好好教训你一顿。
31. so + adj. / adv. + that
such (a / an) + adj. + n. + that  “如此......以至于......”，引导结果状语。
His English was so limited that he couldn’t understand what the native speakers said.
他的英语水平太有限，不能理解英语本土人所说的话。
He mastered English so well that he was able to write long letters in English.
他精通英语，可以用英语写长信。
It was such warm weather that we went swimming.
Table tennis is such a popular game that people all over the word play it.
32. 关于so / such ... that ...句型还须注意四点
当名词前有many / much / few / little修饰表数量时，用so + n. + that结构。
即so many / much / few / little + n. + that...
There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters couldn’t get close to the building.
The Westerners eat so much fat and sugar that they put on weight easily.
The country has so little coal that it has to import large quantities of coal.
They are so few fish in the pool that we couldn’t fish them easily.
33.当名词是单数可数名词、名词前又有形容词修饰时，此时这两种结构可以相互转换。
即such + a / an + adj. + n. + that ... = so + adj. + a / an + n. + that .
He is such an honest person that you can depend on him when you’re in trouble.
=He is so honest a person that you can depend on him when you’re in trouble.
由so...that 和such... that 引导的结果状语从句的倒装结构：
当so和其中的形容词或副词,such 连同后面的名词放在句首时，主句使用部分倒装结构。（相当于把主句变成一般疑问句）。
So hard did it rain that we couldn’t continue the farm work.
Such great progress has he made in his studies that we all admire him.
34. such ... that 句型的特殊性
such 后可以不出现adj.和n.，也可以倒装。
His behavior was such that all his friends deserted him.
→ Such was his behavior that all his friends deserted him.
他的行为举止如此让人讨厌，结果他的朋友都离开了他。
The force of the explosion was such that all the windows were broken.
→ Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.
爆炸的威力如此巨大以致于所有的窗户都被震碎了。
35. in order that和so that“为了......”，引导目的状语从句
He got up early in order that / so that he could catch the first bus.
He closed all the windows while driving so that he shouldn’t catch cold.
开车时他关上所有的窗户以免感冒。(so that否定句要用 shouldn’t)
36. so that引导结果状语
对比：1. He set off early, so that he caught the first bus.他很早出发，结果赶上了头班车。
2.He set off early so that he could catch the first bus. 为了赶上头班车，他很早就出发了。37. so as to / in order to / to “为了”，目的状语
He went home to see his mother.
He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
John hurried so as not to be late for the party.
注意：to do / in order to可以放在句首，so as to不可以放在句首。
38. only to do 表示未曾料到的愉快或不愉快的结果：
She woke early only to find it was raining 她早早起来结果发现下雨了。
He got to the station only to find the train had gone.
“Lifting a rock only to drop it on one’s feet”is a Chinese folk saying.
“搬起石头轧自己的脚”是一句中国民间谚语。
She hurried back only to find her old friend George waiting for him.
她匆忙回来意外地发现她的老朋友乔治在等她。
39. so+adj / adv+as to…“如此…以致于…”；作结果状语：
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?
He was so foolish as to believe such a man.他如此愚蠢以致于相信这样一个人。
40. such…as to “如此…以致于…’’ 作结果状语:
His illness is not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病使他忧心忡忡。
He is such a fool as to think that he is somebody and can influence others.
他愚蠢地认为他是个了不起的大人物，可以影响其他人。
41．enough…to…作结果状语，“足够…可以…”
He is old enough to go to school.他不小了，可以上学了。
42. too…to… 作结果状语，“太…而不能…”
He is too young to go to school.
We are never too old to learn.活到老学到老
The box is much too heavy for you to lift.
We are never too young to make great achievement.年轻人也可能大作为。
He is too clever not to read our tricks.他非常聪明完全可以识破我们的诡计。
43. can’t/can never和too, too much, enough, over搭配，表示“无论怎样......都不过分”
 While you are doing your homework, you can’t be careful enough.你做作业的时候，越小心越好。
 He is such a great man that we can't praise him too much.
他如此伟大，我们无论怎样赞扬他都不过分。
The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English, so we can’t overemphasize the importance of learning English.
社会的发展使我们有必要精通英语，因此学习英语的重要性无论怎么强调都不过分。
Since it’s a good thing, we can’t do it too soon.既然是好事，越早开始做越好。
44. 不定式作主语，it作形式主语
It+系动词（be,seem...）+adj./n.+(for sb.)+to do sth.
It’s important for us to have a good knowledge of English.　精通英语很重要。
It’s our duty to help others. 帮助别人是我们的义务。
It’s normal in the countryside for the professional workers these days to prefer to live in the countryside.
注意：要表示不定式动作的执行者，必须用for sb.。
45. 不定式作主语，it作形式主语（2）
It+系动词（be,seem...）+adj.+(of sb.)+to do sth.（adj.表示了人物的品质特征）
It’s foolish of him to believe such a man.
How rude of him to treat a child like that!=It’s rude of him to treat a child like that.
It’s cruel of him to kill the cat.
表示人物的品质特征的词：foolish/stupid/silly（愚蠢的）；clever/bright/wise（聪明的）；kind/nice/good（善良的）；cruel（残忍的）；selfish（自私的）；greedy（贪婪的）；thoughtful（考虑周全的）；considerate（体谅人的）；inconsiderate（不体谅人的）；rude（粗鲁的）；brave（勇敢的）。
46. 不定式作宾语，it作形式宾语
主语+think/believe/feel/make+it+adj./n.+of/for sb.+to do...
  I think it important for us to study English.
  I feel it foolish of him to believe such a man.
  The development of science has made it necessary for us to study computer.
The timely rain has made it possible for the crops to grow well.
The good atmosphere of study has made it possible for us to study well.
良好的学习氛围使我们能够很好的学习。
47. have+n.+do 让某人去干......（某次行为）
have+n.+doing 让......持续/（反复进行）
have+n.+done 请人干....../使遭受到....../使某事完成
He had his students translating sentences all the time in class.
You had better turn off the computer. You have had it working for nearly eight hours.
I’ll have the test paper typed.
Yesterday on the bus he had his money stolen.
Don’t be worried, I’ll see to (负责)the matter and have everything prepared well in advance.
不必担心，我负责提前作好一切准备。
48. won’t/can’t have+n.+doing/done 不能容忍某行为发生
It’s rude of you to speak to Mother like that and I won’t have you doing that in future.
你太粗鲁了，对母亲那样说话。今后我决不允许你这样对母亲讲话。
I can’t have you smoking here.　我决不允许你在这儿抽烟。
 We can’t have anything done against the school rules. 我们决不允许违反学校规定的事情发生。
49. get+n.+to do 让某人去干......（一次行为）
get+n.+doing 使......开始......，使......动起来
get+n.+done 请人干......，使某事完成
  The teacher got the student to read the news to his classmates.
  The boy is always keeping silent. Can you get him talking?
这个孩子总是保持沉默，你能让他开口说话吗？
The workers are on strike(在罢工).Can you get them woking?
工人们在罢工，你能让他们开始工作吗？
  If you are busy, you can get your article typed by others.
50. catch sb. doing 撞见......正在干......
  The girl caught stealing was sent to the police station.
  Tom was caught cheating in the exam and was told off（责备）by the teacher.
Tom在考试中作弊被当场抓住，受到了老师的批评。
51. 独立成分：无论是不定式、现在分词、 过去分词作状语，一般情况下要求前后逻辑主语的一致性。但有些结构表明说话人的态度、判断或一般看法，不要求逻辑主语的一致性，使一个独立的插入成分。
不定式：
to be frank; to be honest; to tell the truth; to be safe（为安全起见）；to be short（简短地说）
  To be frank, he is not fit for the job.坦率地讲，他不适合这份工作。
  To be short, you have studied hard and made much greater progress this term.
简言之，本学期你学习很努力，并取得了比较大的进步。
52. 现在分词：
（1）comparatively/frankly/exactly/generally/honestly/properly/roughly speaking
（2）speaking of/talking of谈到/说到......
（3）judging from 从......来判断
（4）considering考虑到......；鉴于；就......而论
（5）granting 假定；姑且认为
   Considering her age, she is very active.
   Talking of looking for job, what kind of job would you like to do in the future?
   Judging from his accent, he is from America.
Granting this to be true / that this is true, what conclusion(结论)can be drawn from it?
53．it形式主语
it+系动词(be，seem)+no good／no use／useless+doing sth…
It's no good reading without full understanding．读书而不充分理解是没有益处的。
He is too stubborn and it’s no use arguing with him．他非常固执，你和他吵也没有用。
As a student，it's no good staying up too late．作为学生，熬夜是没有好处的。
54．There+系动词(be，seem)+no doing sth=It is not impossible to do… “做…是不可能的”
There is no finishing the work in such a short time．
=It’s impossible to finish the work in such a short time．
在这么短的时间内完成工作是不可能的。
There is little time left，so there is no arriving there on time．
没时间了，我们不可能按时到达了。
There’s no saying what he’ll be doing next．
说不清楚他下一步会干什么。
55．with独立主格结构(作定语或状语)
①with+n+n(with可以省略)
The workforce is made up of 400 workers，(with)most of them women．
=The workforce is made up of 400 workers，a