资源描述
Unit 3 Happy Halloween
一、学习目标
Topic
Happy Halloween
Functions
Talking about holidays
Grammar
Infinitives（3）
Target language
Miss Wang helped me (to) make a pumpkin lantern.
Miss Wang had me use a sharp knife to carve the shape.
Miss Wang’s words made us understand the way to make a Jack-o’-lantern.
What do you usually do for Thanksgiving?
We usually have dinner at my grandparents’ house.
Vocabulary
lantern, shape, cross, darkness, pumpkin, return, soul, drive, evil, later, celebration, ghost, treat, owner, sticky, sharp, carve, fantastic, excellent
二、部分单词讲解
（1）attend v. 上学，就读；
如：Which school do your children attend? 你的孩子们上哪所学校？
（2）ballet n. 芭蕾舞；
如：Ballet dancers have to be strong and supple.
芭蕾舞演员的身体既要强壮又要柔软。
（3）elegant adj. （外貌或举止）优美的，雅致的；
如：He is an elegant young man with elegant manners and liked by his colleagues.
他是一位举止优雅的男士，同事们都很喜欢他。
（4）performance n. 表演，演出；
如：She gave a wonderful performance in the play. 在这出戏中她表演很出色。
（5）fame n. 名望，名声；
如：She moved to London in search of fame and fortune. 他移居伦敦寻求名誉和财富。
（6）memorize v. 记住，背熟；
如：She has memorized all her friends’ telephone numbers. 她记住了她所有朋友的电话号码。
When I was a primary school student, my teacher asked me to memorize a poem every week.
我上小学时，老师要求我每周背诵一首诗。
（7）shrug v. 耸肩；
如：She shrugged her shoulders as if to say that there was nothing she could do about it. 她耸了耸肩好像在说她对此无能为力。
（8）squeak n. 尖叫声；
如：She let out a squeak when she saw a large spider on the wall. 当看见一只大蜘蛛在墙上时，她发出了尖叫声。
（9）applaud v. 鼓掌；
如：The audience applauded for five minutes after his excellent speech. 他精彩的演讲结束后，观众整整鼓掌5分钟。
（10）spot v. 发现，辨认出；如：If you spot any mistakes in the article, please mark them with a pencil. 如果你在文章中发现什么错误，就用铅笔标出来。
三、课文讲解：
1．英语中的日期的表达法
（1）月份：一月January 二月February 三月March 四月April 五月May 六月June
七月July 八月August 九月September 十月October 十一月November 十二月December
（2）年月日的表达
①月日，年，如：
1999.8.15可以写为August 15th, 1999
2007.10.12可以写为October 12th, 2007.
②日月，年，如：
1989.9.16可写为the sixteenth of September, 1989.
2006.2.20可写为the twentieth of February, 2006.
2．He was neither allowed to enter heaven nor hell.
他既没有进天堂也没有进地狱。
neither…nor…的用法
1）neither...nor是连词词组，作“既不……又不……”解，常用来连接两个并列的句子成分
They are neither workers nor peasants，they're students.
He was ill then, he could neither eat nor drink.
2）当“neither...nor”连接两个主语时，谓语动词应同邻近的那个主语在人称和数上取得一致。
Neither the teacher nor the students are right.
Neither the students nor the teacher is right.
3．Instead, the devil gave him a piece of burning wood to light his way through the darkness.
相反，这个魔鬼给他一个燃烧的木头照亮他通往黑暗的道路。
（1）instead的用法
①instead是副词，instead of是介词短语，表示“代替”的意义时，
If you are busy, you may come another day instead. 如果你很忙，就改日再来吧。
Parents should give their child more advice instead of money. 父母应当给孩子更多的忠告，而不是金钱。
If you have no time, I’ll go instead of you. 如果你没时间，我愿意替你去。
Shall we have fish instead of meat today? 我们今天吃鱼不吃肉，好吗？
Last summer I went to Qingdao. This summer I’m going to Dalian instead. 去年夏天我去了青岛。今年夏天我将去大连。
Instead of going to Qingdao, I’m going to Dalian this year. 今年我将去大连，而不去青岛。
（2）through和across的用法
across为“横穿”，与“道路”交叉形成“十字”。而through为在立体空间中的“穿过”。
如：go through the forest“穿过森林”，go across the street “穿过大街”
through表示“贯通、直穿、透过、穿过”的意思，即是从一头（边）贯穿到另一头（边）。
例The river runs through our city.这条河流经我们市。
He passed through the hall. 他穿过大厅
across表示“横穿、横过、横渡、横跨”
例：I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago.
20年前我横渡了长江。
Look left and right before you go across the street.
过马路时要左右看。
4．Every year we cook dinner with some of my parents’ friends.
每年我们和父母的朋友一起做饭。
（1）with的用法
①with表拥有某物
I often dream of a big house with a nice garden.
我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。
②with表用某种工具或手段
I cut the apple with a knife.
我用一把刀削平果。
③with表人与人之间的协同关系
talk with sb
play with sb
work with sb
④with 表“带来”，或“带有,具有”，在…身上，在…身边之意。
The girl with golden hair looks beautiful. 那个金头发的女孩看起来漂亮。
Do you have money with you？ 身上带着钱吗？
（2）my parents’ friends
名词所有格
1）有生命的名词所有格形式
①单数名词所有格在词尾直接加“’s”。
如：Kate’s mother
②复数名词的所有格只在词尾加“’”。
如：the twins’ desks
③不规则名词复数的所有格在词尾加“’s”。
Children’s Day
④表示两个或几个人共同所有的名词所有格在最后一个名词词尾加“’s”。
如：Jim and Kate’s father.
⑤表示两个或几个人各自所有的名词所有格在每个名词后面分别都加“’s”。
如：Miss Gao’s and Miss White’s students.
2）动物和无生命事物的所有格用介词 “of”表示。
如：a map of China, the name of the bird.
5．We were all very interested in it.
我们都对他很感兴趣。
be interested in的用法
1）I am interested in playing basketball.
2）This is an interesting book. We are all interested in it.
6．It’s said that the dead will return to their homes on that day.
据说在那天故去的人们将回到他们家中。
（1）It’s said…据说……，据认为……
①It’s said that we won’t go to school tomorrow. 据说我们明天不要上学了。
②It’s said that the weather will be fine tomorrow. 据说明天天气将会变化。
（2）return返回，归还
①When you returned home, Don’t forget to bring some books for me.
当你回家时，别忘了给我带些书来。
②After saying these words, all the students returned to school.
说完了这些话以后，所有的同学都回到了学校。
7．When I returned home, I looked at my excellent work and felt proud of myself. 回到家，看着自己的杰作，我感到非常自豪。
feel proud of sth./ sb. 指“为某事/某人感到自豪”。例如：
His parents felt proud of his success. 他的父母为他的成功感到自豪。
He felt proud of his new car. 他为自己的新车颇感得意。
8．Each pumpkin had a different face. 每个南瓜灯都有一张与众不同的脸。
each与every的用法
every和each同属中位限定词，都可与单数名词连用，且意义相近，表示‘每个’，然而every和each并不完全一样，every强调整体概括，each则表示个别概念。例如：
Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。
Every player was in good form. 每个运动员都处于最佳状态。
如果不特别强调某一意义时，every和each可以互换。 例如：
We want every child to succeed. 我们希望每个孩子都成功。
Each child will find his own personal road to success. 每个孩子将会找到他个人的成功之路。
each可以指两个或两个以上的人或东西，every却不能指两个，只能指三个以上的数量。例如：
Each sex has its own physical and psychological characteristics.
男女各有其身体上和心理上的特点。（不能说every sex...）
另外，如有其他限定词同时修饰中心词，each可作代词取each of的形式，而every则只能作限定词。例如：
Each of my parents gave me presents for Christmas. 过圣诞节时我父母每人都给我送了礼物。
9．Everyone said that my work was lovely.
每人都说我的工作成果（南瓜灯）很可爱。
lovely是形容词，可爱的。类似的词还有：friendly友好的。
The baby is very lovely.
People in Beijing are very friendly to us.
10．What a fantastic face I made! 我做了一个多棒的鬼脸儿啊！
感叹句的用法.
感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导，“what”和“how”与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。
（1）由“what”引导的感叹句：“what”意为“多么”用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：
what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).
如：
①What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！
②What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！
③What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！
④What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！
⑤What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！
⑥What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！
（2）由“how”引导的感叹句：“how”意为“多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：
How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语+(it is).
如：
①How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！
②How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀！
③How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！
④How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！
⑤How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀！
（3）在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用“what”引导，也可用“how”引导。如：
①What a hot day it is!
How hot the day is! 多么热的天气呀！
②What tall buildings they are!
How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀！
③What bad weather it is!
How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀！
④What bright sunshine it is!
How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀！
（4）感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。
如：
①What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！
②What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！
③What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！
④How cool! 好凉快呀！
⑤How wonderful! 精彩极了！
11．Miss Wang helped me (to) make a pumpkin catern. 王老师帮着我制作南瓜灯。
help在此省略了to的动词不定式，类似的词还有许多。
I want to make my room clean now.
He help the poor get a lot of money.
Let Jim do this job, he can do it easily.
12．On the morning of the New Year’s Day. 在新年的早上。
表示时间的in, on和at的用法
（1）at
①用于表示在时间的某一点或某一时刻
at this time yesterday 昨天的这个时候。
at eight o’clock in the morning. 在上午八点钟。
②用于表示在三餐或中午、晚上。
What did your mother say at breakfast / lunch / supper time?
早/午/晚饭时你妈妈说什么了？
We heard a girl singing in the next room at noon / night.
中午/夜里我们听到一个女孩唱歌。
③用于表示节气、年龄
Children often receive presents at Spring Festival.
Jim began to play the piano at the age of seven.
（2）in
①用于表示在一段时间内，此时in用于将来时，意为“…之后”。
Mother will be back in a few days.
妈妈几天后回来。
②用于表示在非特指的早晨，上/下午，夜晚。
in the morning; in the evening.
③用于表示月份，季节，年，世纪等。
I was born in May, 1982.
我1982年5月出生。
The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008.
奥运会于2008年在北京举行。
（3）on
①用于表示在具体某一天或某一特定日子的上午，下午或晚上。
On January 18, 1956, On Saturday afternoon.
②用于表示节日
On Christmas Day. On Children’s Day.
13．Although some families prefer to decorate their houses with a New Year’s pine, the general attitude is not to decorate anything special. 有的家庭还会用“新年树”来做点缀，但总的说来，人们对装饰没有特别的要求。
（1）prefer的用法
①后接不定式时与rather than 或instead of连用，如：He prefered to die rather than (to) steal. / He perfered to die instead of stealing. 他宁死也不去偷窃。
②注意介词搭配
如：I prefer swimming to skating. (I like swimming better than skating.)我喜欢游泳胜过滑冰。
prefer 因其本身含有比较之意，而不可再与more 或most连用。
③prefer＋名词或动名词“宁愿”，“更喜欢”。
He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice. 他是上海人，因此更喜欢吃米饭。
I prefer going by bike. 我宁愿骑单车去。
I prefer the white one. 我喜欢那个白的。
④prefer to do “愿意做”。I prefer to go at once. 我愿意马上就走。
⑤prefer sb. to do “愿意某人做” I prefer you to go at once. 我倒希望你马上就走。
⑥prefer to sth.“宁愿做...而不做...”. I prefer tea to milk. 我宁愿喝茶也不喝牛奶。
I prefer watching TV to going out. 我宁愿看电视也不出去。
⑦prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做……而不做……”
I prefer to watch TV rather than go out. 我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。
（2）decorate装扮，装饰
Let’s decorate the house with some flowers. 让我们用花来装饰这个房间。
四、翻译
主课文译文：
万圣节快乐
日期：10月31日
天气：晴
今天下午，下课后我们来到一个大教室，看到教室的桌子上摆了很多南瓜。王老师要教我们制作万圣节的南瓜灯，我们对此都非常感兴趣。
制作南瓜灯之前，王老师给我们讲了与万圣节有关的趣事。她说，万圣节在西方国家是为逝去的人们而过的节日。据说，故去的人们将会在万圣节那天回家。为了迎接好的鬼魂，并驱走那些邪恶的鬼魂，很多人都把南瓜灯挂在家门外。后来万圣节演变成了孩子们的节日。由孩子们装扮成的“鬼魂”挨家挨户地去敲门要求得到“款待”。如果邻居们没有给他们糖果，孩子们就会捉弄房子的主人。
趣事讲完之后我们就开始制作南瓜灯。我得到王老师的帮助。首先她让我用刀切开一个南瓜并将内瓤清理干净。南瓜真硬，里边的瓤粘糊糊的，清理完一个南瓜，我的手都感觉累了。之后王老师让我用铅笔在南瓜上画个鬼脸，再用刀把鬼脸的形状刻出来。这项工作也不容易，因此我刻地又慢又仔细。我用了几乎近1个小时才做完可爱的鬼脸南瓜灯。
不久，同学们也都纷纷完成了自己的作品。每个南瓜灯都有一张与众不同的脸，有漂亮的，有可爱的，有巨棒的。每个人都说我的南瓜灯很可爱，像一张婴儿脸。回到家以后，看着自己的杰作，我为自己感到骄傲。我做了一个多棒的鬼脸儿啊！
副课文译文：
形式多样的新年庆祝活动
在土耳其，人们在12月31日这天与家人好友聚在一起，吃一顿特殊的大餐来庆祝新年的到来。主要的传统食物是火鸡，有的家庭不会用“新年树”来做点缀，但总的来说，人们对装饰没有特别的要求。
越南的新年是在二月。新年有10天的庆祝活动。在这些天里，离家在外的人一定要回到家乡。新年之前的一个月，人们就开始打扫、粉刷房子。人们还买来鲜花和桃花摆放在家里。特殊的新年食品有糕点和西瓜。
在阿根廷，人们与家人一起团聚，吃一顿晚餐（大约在晚上11点）来迎候新年的到来，午夜时分，人们要燃放烟花爆竹以示庆祝。然后，年轻人纷纷前往舞厅参加新年聚会，一直玩到第二天早晨。第二天（也就是新年的第一天），很多人会去河流、湖泊或游泳池中游泳。
泰国的新年庆祝是在4月13日。在这一天，泰国人会嬉水，相互泼水。很多人都会回到故乡看望长辈并祈求祝福。
五、练习
Ⅰ、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Thank you for ______（help）me carry the basket.
2．Look! One of them ______（swim）in the lake.
3．______（watch）TV too much is bad for your health.
4．______（close）your eyes and listen to me.
5．Mother told her little son ______（not go）out the next day, because it would be windy.
6．Don’t sleep very late, you will be as ______（health）as I.
7．“Why are you late today? ”my father said ______（angry）.
8．The room is ______（noise）. I can’t hear anything.
9．As soon as I lay down, I fell ______（sleep）last night.
10．They come from Canada. They are ______（Canada）.
参考答案：
1．helping 2．is swimming 3．Watching 4．Close 5．not to go
6．healthy 7．angrily 8．noisy 9．asleep 10．Canadian
Ⅱ、完形填空
It was five in the afternoon. A bus 1 a small town. Mrs Morison got off and went in a restaurant by the road, with a small beautiful dog, she was travelling in 2 , she looked for her dog at noon and missed her lunch. So she was 3 now and wanted to have something there.
The waiter received the visitor 4 . But he knew little English and the woman couldn’t speak French. They talked for a while 5 couldn’t understand each other. She had to point to her 6 and then slapped （拍）the dog’s belly （肚子）. The waiter seemed to know 7 she wanted and carried the dog into the kitchen.
About half an hour some dishes were brought to the woman. They were all 8 and she was pleased with them. After she paid for her bill. She didn’t leave she waited for a while and said 9 to the waiter and they began to quarrel （争吵）. Just at that moment the manager came back. He talked with the woman and then with the waiter. At last he understood. The English woman told the waiter to 10 her dog, but he thought she told him to cook it for her!
1．A. left B. stopped in C. went out of D. went through
2．A. England B. America C. Germany D. France
3．A. asleep B. awake C. hungry D. thirsty
4．A. warmly B. coldly C. angrily D. quietly
5．A. and B. yet C. but D. for
6．A. mouth B. nose C. face D. head
7．A. how B. when C. where D. what
8．A. terrible B. delicious C. bad D. poor
9．A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything
10．A. kill B. feed C. hurt D. keep
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．B
Ⅲ、阅读理解
（A）
Jack is a famous writer now. But he said he was not a good student when he was young. He was often late for class and didn’t like doing his homework. Sometimes he slept in class while the teacher was teaching. He didn’t understand much, but he always thought he understood everything.
One day the teacher asked the students a question, “When John was ten years old, his brother was twenty. John is fifteen now and how old is his brother? ”Jack answered, “That’s easy. His brother is twice as old as John, so he is now thirty. ”
Another time, the teacher in a science class asked, “When it thunders （打雷）, why do we always see the light before we hear the sound? ”“But, Miss White, ”said Jack quickly, “can’t you see our eyes are in front of our ears? ”
The third time, the teacher in a biology class asked, “Why can fish swim in the water? ”“But, Miss White, ”said Jack quickly. “don’
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