1、中中脑脑周周围围非非动动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血 (Perimesencephalic Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage)浙医二院神浙医二院神经经内科内科 楼楼 敏敏1.Concept定定义义:A.出血的中心位于出血的中心位于脑脑干前干前缘缘(主要在脚(主要在脚间间池),池),伴或不伴伴或不伴扩扩展。展。B.动动脉造影未脉造影未见动见动脉瘤或其他脉瘤或其他动动脉异常脉异常van Gijn,et al.,In 1985 首先提出首先提出 2.Incidence动脉造影阴性的SAH中,21-68%诊断为PNSH在非动脉瘤和动静脉畸形的自发性
2、SAH中,占8-11%动脉造影阴性的SAH(15-20%):未被发现的脑动脉瘤 非脑动脉瘤性,如:静脉血栓形成、血液病、感染、肿瘤3.Location出血中心位于脑干前缘:位于脚间池(96%)外侧裂外侧部视交叉池(46%)外侧裂基底部(37%)环池(88%)四叠体池(19%)可以扩展:但不扩展:大脑纵裂前部可以有脑室内积血,但是血液沉降作用所致(侧脑室枕脚)4.5.EtiologyThe cause has not been established.1.静脉出血:发现了更多的静脉结构的异常假设2.脑干的小穿通动脉闭塞后的继发渗血肯定的是:高血压、吸烟是其可控制的危险因素6.Clinical c
3、ourseSymptom:1.头痛进展较慢 2.极少伴意识障碍 3.临床症状较轻(Hunt Hess分级)Complication:1.几乎不会再次出血 2.较少血管痉挛(1-5%)3.脑积水发生率约20%,但很少需做分流 7.CT scanningThe criteria(within 3 days of the onset):(1)center of bleeding located immediately anterior to the midbrain;(2)possible extension of blood to the posterior part of the anterio
4、r interhemispheric fissure,but not complete filling of the anterior interhemispheric fissure;(3)extension of blood to the basal part of the sylvian fissure is permitted,but not extension to the lateral sylvian fissure;(4)sedimentation of small amounts of intraventricular blood is allowed,but not fra
5、nk intraventricular hemorrhage;(5)absence of intracerebral hematoma8.Angiography阴性DSA:金标准,排除动脉瘤MRA:敏感性不如 CTACTA:诊断后颅窝动脉瘤的特异性和敏 感性均为100%9.10.11.Diagnosis Clinical course of SAH(出血时无昏迷,Hunt Hess分级)CT scanning:perimesencephalic pattern of hemorrhage within 3 days of the onset of the SAH Angiography:normalDifferentiate diagnosis12.13.14.Importance of differentiation Prognosis:the final outcome was typically excellentPNSH may have a major psychological impact(非典型性头痛、抑郁、遗忘、疲倦等)However15.