资源描述
8下3单元
一、词组：
1. get out of 走出… 2. go into 走进 3. walk down 沿着…走 4. take off 起飞 5. be surprised 惊讶6. the Museum of Flight 航空博物馆 7. take turns 轮流 8. tell stories 讲故事 9. jump down (from) （从）跳下来 10. take photos 照相 11. run away 跑开 12. think about 考虑
13. next to 紧挨着14. in history 在历史上 15. shout to/at 对…喊叫 16. hear about 听到 17. at that time 在那时 18. have fun玩的开心 19. in science 静静地 20. take place 发生 21. the World Trade Center 世界贸易中心 22. around the earth 全球 23. all over the world 全世界
24. come out of 从…中来25. divide into 把…分成
二、句型：
1. The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
当飞碟降落时，那个男孩正在沿着街走。
2. While the boy was walking down the street , the UFO landed.
当那个男孩正沿着街走时，飞碟降落了。
3. Our teacher asked us to stop what we were doing and listen.
我们的老师让我们停止我们所做的事情听讲。
4. Not all events in history are as terrible as this.并不是历史上所有的事件都像这件事那样糟糕。
5. People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.
当人们听见历史上的重要事件的消息时，他们经常能记住他们当时所做的事。
6. An alien got out of the UFO.一个外星人走出了飞碟。
7. While the girl was shopping , the alien got out.当那个女孩在购物时，外星人走出来了。
8. The girl was shopping when the alien got out. 当外星人走出来时，那个女孩正在购物。
9. When he returned , he became a national hero in China, and became famous all over the world.
当他回来时，他成了中国的民族英雄，变得全世界闻名。
10.I had a very unusual experience on Sunday.在周日，我有了个非比寻常的经历。
11.At around ten o’clock in the morning, I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me.
在早晨大约十点钟时，我正在沿着街走，突然一架飞碟正好落在我前面。
12.When Linda finally saw Davy, he was jumping and running with another dog.
当琳达最后看见戴夫时，他正撵着另一条狗又跑又跳。
13.Although some people may not remember who murdered him, they remember what they were doing when they heard about the event.
尽管一些人不能记住谁谋杀了他，但是他们却能记住当他们听见这个消息时他们正在做什么。
14.Even the most everyday activities can seem important.甚至最日常的活动也能看上去很重要。
15.They walked home together in silence.他们一起默默地走回家。
8下3单元词法
1.I was standing in front of the library. 我正站在图书馆的前面.
[解析] in the front of 与in front of . in the front of 指在~~~的前部,强调在~~整体的前部;in front of在~~的前面,相当于before.
2What was the girl doing when the UFO took off? 当飞碟起飞的时侯,这女孩在干什麽?
[解析] take off 脱下;飞机起飞.take off做脱下讲时,其反义词是put on.
3.I had a very unusually experience on Sunday. 在星期天我有一次非同寻常的经历.
[解析] ①.usual 是形容词,意为通常的，普通的，而unusual则是usual的反义词，它是由usual加上前缀un构成。意为异常的，不常发生的，这也是英语中的构词法。
②experience 在这里用做可数名词，意为经历。Experience还可做不可数名词，意为经验。
4.talk on the phone 通过电话谈话 注意：这里要用介词on ,eg. watch … on TV ,on the Internet
5. get out of the shower 洗完澡出来 get out of the UFO 从UFO中出来get out 出来
6. I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me .
当一个UFO恰好落在我面前的时候，我正在街上走。
right在这里是副词，“恰好”“正好”的意思，表示强调。
例如right now（现在） right here（就在这儿） right in front of me 恰好在我前面
【注】副词just也常用于加强语气。如：
It’s just around the comer .就在拐角处。 Just wait a moment , please .请稍候。
7. be surprised （某人）很吃惊
eg. He was surprised when I saw him .我看见他的时候，他很吃惊。
另外，surprise sb. 指“让某人吃惊” eg. I don’t want to surprise you . 我不想让你吃惊。
①amazed 惊奇的.. surprised 惊喜的 (形容人的心情)
amazing 令人惊奇的.. surprising 令人惊喜的...（形容物，令人…）
eg. He was surprised when I saw him . (我见到他的时候，他感到很吃惊。)
be surprised to do 做…..令人吃惊 吃惊地去做……. eg, I am surprised to see you here.
be surprised at sth. 对……感到吃惊 eg, I was surprised at his words.
surprising 令人吃惊的, 常用来修饰物或主语是物. eg, It is surprising news for me.
to one’s surprise 令人惊讶地是…….. To my surprise, he passed the exam easily.
②Isn’t that amazing? “那难道不令人惊奇吗?” 这是一个否定句,表达肯定的意思. 否定句的回答要注意, 肯定时要用yes+肯定结构,否定时要用 no + 否定结构,这和汉语表达有很大不同.
eg. Won’t you go? (你真不去?)Yes, I will.(不, 我要去.) No, I won’t.(是的,我不去.)
8. Before the police arrived , the alien left the shop . 在警方到达之前，外星人离开了商店。
before“在……之前”引导时间状语从句
9. be scared （某人）给吓坏了，害怕了
eg. He was scared when he heard the strange voice .当他听到了那个奇怪的声音，他害怕了。
10. run away 逃跑
11. walk around the station 在车站走来走去
12. She didn’t think about looking outside the station .她没想到过要往车站外面看一看。
think about 考虑
looking outside the station 是动名词短语，做think about的宾语。
look outside 往外看
13. at the doctor’s 在诊所（医院） at the barber’s 在理发店
语法知识
一、 过去进行时：①表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。
构成：was / were + 现在分词（其中was是am、is的过去式，were是are的过去式）
eg. 1) I was doing my homework then 那时，我正在做作业。
2) He was cooking in the kitchen at 12 o’clock yesterday .昨天12点，他正在厨房烧饭。
用法：过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句，如：
What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday?昨天晚上七点你在干什么？
I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。
I was cooking when she knocked at the door.她敲门时我正在做饭。
① when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：
When the car exploded I was walking past it.= While I was walking past the car it exploded.
②when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：
I was walking in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
③ when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：
I was taking a walk when I met him.我正在散步，突然遇见了他。
We were playing outside when it began to rain.我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。
现在分词的构成
1）一般动词在词尾加-ing，读[iη]，如go - going。
2）以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。
come - coming make - making write - writing
3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾以一个辅音字母结尾，应先双写这个字母，再加ing，x和w结尾的除外。如get - getting swim - swimming show - showing
4）以字母y结尾的单词，直接加ing。如carrying、playing、studying。
5）以字母ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing。die→dying lie→lying
6）以元音字母加e结尾，或以e结尾，且e发音的动词，直接加- ing 。see - seeing be - being
★ 使用进行时态的注意事项
1）一些动词，如see、hear、love、like、know、remember；understand、have等表示感情、知觉和状态的词，一般不用于进行时态。
2）在there和here引起的句子中，常用一般现在时代替现在进行时。
eg. Here comes the bus . There goes the bell .
★ 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
1）过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完整的动作。如：
They were writing letters to their friends last night .
昨晚他们在写信给他们的朋友。（没有说明信是否写完）
They wrote letters to their friends last night .
他们昨晚写了信给他们的朋友。（表达了他们已写好的意思，整个写的过程已完成。）
2）当动作延续较长时间时或表示厌烦、赞美等感情色彩时，常用过去进行时表示。如：
He was thinking more of others than of himself .
他考虑别人的比考虑自己的多。（表示说话者赞扬的口气）
The boy was always making trouble then .
那时，他总是惹麻烦。（表示说话者厌烦的口气）
二、 以when和while引导的时间状语从句
1）延续性动词和非延续性动词
延续性动词指动作可以延续一段时间，而不是瞬间结束。如：work、study、drink、eat等。
非延续性动词指动作极为短暂，瞬间结束。如：start、begin、hit、jump、knock等。
2）在本单元中，出现了以when和while引导的时间状语从句。
<1> when表示“当……的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用非延续性动词，这些动词既可以表示动作，又可表示状态。从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生，又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。如：
Mary was having dinner when I saw her .(当我看到玛丽的时候,她正在吃饭.)
主句 从句(see是非延续性动词)
The boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning .
<2> while表示“在……的时候”、“在……期间”。它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。while从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词。如：
The weather was fine while we were in Beijing .(当我们在北京的时候天气很好.)
主句 从句(表示状态)
She called while I was out .(当我不在时,她打过电话.)
While we were swimming someone stole our clothes .(当我们正在游泳的时候,有人偷了我们的衣服)
从句( swim延续性动词)
★★★注意：
①.We’re going away for a while. ②.Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.
① 的while是名词“一会儿”的意思。
②的while 为转折连词，“然而”的意思，表对比。而but表转折。
如果主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生，从句常用进行时。如。
While we were swimming someone stole our clothes .
Don’t talk so loud while others are working .
★★ 总结：
1. when可指时间点，又可指时间段，从句中可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词。
2. while总是指一个时间段，从句中必须用延续性动词。
★练习：用when while 完成下列句子:
1 What were you doing ___when____ Yang Liwei went into space?
2 _____While______ I was walking to the mall yesterday I met George.
3 _____When____ you called, I was taking a shower.
4 Tim was riding his bicycle ____when____he saw the alien.
5 We arrived in Beijing _____while_____ it was snowing.
6 Where were you going ____when____ you had the accident?
三、被动语态：
被动语态是表示被动.主语是动作的承受者.它的结构是 主语+助动词be+ 过去分词
例如: English is widely used in the world. 英语在全世界被广泛使用.
The mountain is covered with snow all the year around. 山上终年被雪覆盖.
Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的.
Rice is grown in South China. 华南种植水稻.
注意：本学期是初步接触，将于九年级正式学习，它有各种时态。
四、情态动词：
★情态动词表示“应该”、“必须”（shall, should, may, might, must, ought to）
（1）shall 和 should 用于表示“必须”：
①. Each member shall wear a name card. (表示规定)每一个会员必须配带名卡。
②. I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示应该)我应该尽快给他回信。
③. You shouldn't judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldn't “不应该”含有劝告的意思)
你不应该总是以貌取人。
④. The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. (shall 用于规章等，表示义务和规定)
新规则于一月一日起生效。
（2）may 和 might 用于表示“应该"(多用于法律等条文，一般上多用 shall):
①. Payment may be paid by check.(表示规定)应以支票付款。
②. You might ask before you use my computer. (might表示应该)
你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。
（3）must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”：
①. You must keep the place clean. (务必)你务必保持地方干净。
②. We must obey orders. (表示有义务)我们必须服从命令。
③. Must I pay now ? (用于疑问句) (如回答不必时，需用 needn't 或 don't have to)
我现在就得付款吗？
★情态动词表示“意图”、“打算” (will, would, shall, should)
（1）will 和 would 用于表示某种意图：
①. I'll will call you as soon as possible. (will 主要用于第一人称)我会尽快打电话给你。
②. Will you accept this invitation ? (用would 则表示更客气)你愿意接受这邀请吗？
③. Who will do the job ? (用于条件句，可用于各种人称)谁愿意做这事？
④. We won't (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿)我们不愿呆在这里太久。
（2）shall 和 should 用于表示说话人的意图：
①. We shan't (shall not) to if it rains. (shall not 也可用 will not)
如果下雨，我们就不打算走了。
②. I shan't go with you. (shall 只用在第一人称)我不打算和你一同走。
★情态动词表示“意愿”（will, would, shall, should）
（1）will 和 would ：
①. She will do it if you ask her.(表示主语的意愿)如果你问她，她会做的。
②. Would you have another cup of tea ? (用 would 比 will 客气)你想再来一杯茶吗？
③. Will you have some cookies ? (will 用于疑问句，表示问人是否愿意)你想吃些烤饼吗？
④. If he will he can do it. (will 用于条件句，用于第二、三人称)如果他愿意，他会做的。
⑤. Would you excuse me ? (would 表示婉转语气)你能原谅我吗？
（2）shall 和 should ：
①. He shall get his allowance. (注意是he shall, 表示说话人的意愿)他会拿到他的津贴的。
②. You should sit here as long as you like.只要你乐意，坐多久能行。
③. Shall you go to school with me ? (疑问句中，表示问对方的意愿)
你愿意和我一起到学校去吗？
★★★练习：单项选择
1.While Ann ______a bike, she met Lucy. A riding B. is riding C. rode D. was riding
2. Daniel came to Beijing last year and he _______.
A. takes photos B. took lots of photos C. took lots of photos D. was taking photos
3. He went to bed too late last night, so he ___up early this morning.
A. could get B. cannot get C. couldn’t get D. got
4. I looked for my pen here and there, but I didn’t find it ________
A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere
5. Linda didn’t think about ______ her dog outside the station.
A. looking for B. finding C. finding out D. looking over
6. The shirt is too small. Could you please show me _____ one?
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
7. Jim was badly ill, so he was ______.
A. at hospital B. at a hospital C. in hospital D. in the hospital
8. What _____while Linda was on her way to New York?
A. happened B. did happen C. was happen D. happens
9. Betty saw a cat _____the tree on her way to school. A. in B. on C. over D. above
10. There are lots of _____ on the desk; you can have a look.
A. newspaper B. news C. newspapers D. paper
11 Look at this photo. Can you ________ her name?
A think over B think of C think D think about
12 _________ happened when I was on vacation? A What B Who C When D Which
语法专项练习:
用所给词的正确形式填空.
1 Mary _____________(make) a cake when she cut her finger.
2 While she _______________(watch) TV, Granny ____________(fall) asleep this morning.
3 When his mother got home, Jack ________________(watch) TV in the sitting room.
4 I _______________(watch) TV at that time.
5 He ______________(happen) to be there last night when the house was on fire.
6 When he arrived home, he saw a thief (小偷)_________________( steal偷).
7 When the boy ________(get up) in the morning, his mother ____________(make)the breakfast.
Conversation 1
A What were you ___________(do) when I __________( see) you on the bus yesterday?
B I ___________________( go ) to work.
A Oh, really? You said you ___________(ride) your bicycle to work.
B That’s right. But it _____________( be) too cold yesterday.
Conversation 2
A Where _________(be) you when the UFO _______________(arrive) yesterday.
B I _______________( walk) to the post office.
A What did you ____________(see)?
B Well, the UFO ______________(land) in the middle of the street.
A What _______________(happen) next?
B An alien ________________( get ) out of the UFO and ________(go) into the post office.
A Then what did you _________________( do)?
B While the alien _____________( buy) stamps, I _______________(call) the TV news.
KEYS:
单项选择：DCCBA BCAAC BA
给词填空：was making , was watching , fell , was watching , was watching , happened
Stealing , got up , was making
Conversation 1 : doing , saw , was going , were riding , was
Conversation 2 : were , arrived , was walking , see , landed , happened , got , went , do ,
was buying , called
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