CultureShock(Key).doc

Unit 6 Culture Shock (Key)
I. Words and Expressions
1. transplant:
(1) vt. to move from one place and settle elsewhere
*We start the flowers indoors and then transplant them to the garden.
*His kidney was transplanted in his daughter.
(2) n. the operation of transplanting an organ, piece of skin etc
*Kelly's only hope of survival was a heart and lung transplant.
Collocations:
heart transplant surgery 心脏移植手术
a bone marrow transplant 骨髓移植

2. ailment: n. an illness that is not very serious
*The medicine was supposed to cure all kinds of ailments, ranging from colds to back pains.
CF: ailment, illness, disease & complaint 这些名词均有“疾病”之意。
ailment指身体或精神不适，尤其指小毛病。例如：
*His ailment was only a slight headache. 他身体不舒服，有点轻微的头痛。
illness 泛指一切疾病，强调生病的时间或状态。例如：
*Her mother was just recovering from an illness. 他妈妈生了一场病，刚刚恢复。
disease指具体的疾病，且通常较严重，发病时间也较长。例如：
*She suffers from a rare disease of the brain. 她得了罕见的脑病。
complaint指具体部位的疾病，尤其指不是很严重的那种。例如：
*He is having treatment for a chest complaint. 他正在接受胸部疾病的治疗。

3. cure:
(1) n. treatment or substance that cures; remedy
*There is still no cure for AIDS.
Trans：预防比任何一种治疗都要好得多。(=Prevention is far better than any cure.)
(2) vt. to make an illness or medical condition go away
*Many types of cancer can now be cured.
Pattern: cure sb. of sth. 把某人的病治愈
*She had some acupuncture treatment which seems to have cured her.
针灸几次后她的病似乎痊愈了。

4. precipitate:
(1) vt. to make (an unwanted event) happen sooner
*An attack on the country could precipitate a world war.
Trans：1929年股票市场的倒闭加速了美国银行业系统的崩溃。
(=The 1929 stock market crash precipitated the collapse of the American banking system.)
(2) adj. happening or done too quickly, and not thought about carefully
*A precipitate decision leads to his failure.
A cool breeze caused a precipitate drop in the temperature.一阵冷风造成气温急剧下降。
NB : 该词作动词用时，近义词为hasten；作形容词用时，近义词为hasty。

5. orient: v. to arrange or direct with a particular purpose
Collocation: orient oneself to sth. 使自己熟悉某事
*Trans：新同学要花一定的时间来熟悉校园生活。
（=It takes new students a while to orientate themselves to college life.）
be oriented to/towards/around sth/sb 迎合某人的需要, 围绕某事
*The course is oriented towards the needs of businessmen. 这一课程是为迎合商人的需要而设立的。
*A lot of the training is orientated around communications skills. 很多培训都是围绕交际技能展开的。
NB: 该词还可以用作名词，意为“东方”，但通常以the Orient的形式出现。例如：The traveler made a fame for himself by a book about the Orient. 这个旅行家凭了一本描写东方的书一举成名。

6. purchase:
(1) n. sth. you buy, or the act of buying it
*Other customers arrived, made their purchases and left.
Trans：那顶帽子买得不错。(=That hat was a good purchase.)
Collocations: date of purchase 购买日期；proof of purchase 购买凭证；
hire purchase 分期付款；make purchases 购物
(2) vt. to buy sth.
*You can purchase insurance online.
Trans：外国投资者未允许购买土地。
(=Foreign investors are not permitted to purchase land.)

7. tremendous: adj. very great in size, amount, or degree
*She was making a tremendous effort to appear calm.
*This plan could save us a tremendous amount of money. 这个计划能省我们一大笔钱。
CF: tremendous, huge, vast & giant 这些形容词均有“巨大的，庞大的”之意。
tremendous指某物非常大，大得惊人。强调尺寸大小、数量以及程度方面的大。
huge含义广，强调体积或容积的庞大。也可用于引申意义。
vast多指空间、面积、范围的巨大，不涉及重量。
giant非常大，强调比同类中的其他事物大得多。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
(1) Be careful. The forest is full of ________snakes and spiders. （= giant）
(2) King's new novel will undoubtedly be a ________ success. （= huge）
(3) She praised her husband for the ________support he had given her. (=tremendous)
(4) ________ areas of the Amazon rainforest have been destroyed. (=Vast)

8. get over:
(1) to find a way to deal with
*Once we've got over the first few months, we should be making a reasonable profit.
Trans：我不知道我们应该怎样解决这个问题。
(=I don't know how we're going to get over this problem.)
(2) to become well again after an illness or a very upsetting experience
It's taken me ages to get over the flu.
Trans：她从没有从儿子去世的悲伤中恢复过来。
(=She never got over the death of her son.)

9. dictate: v.
Patterns: dictate that… ， dictate to ， dictate who/what/how etc
(1) to tell someone exactly what they must do or how they must behave
*Islamic custom dictates that women should be fully covered.
Trans: 媒体不许对政府指手画脚。
(=The media cannot be allowed to dictate to the government.)
*Can they dictate how the money will be spent?
(2) to say words for someone else to write down
*He's dictating a letter to his secretary right now.

10. associate with sb.: to spend time with sb.
*I don't like those people you're associating with.
Trans：约翰好像一直和犯罪分子混在一起。
(=John may have been associating with the criminals.)

11. identify oneself/sb. with sb./sth.: to support or feel closely connected with sb./sth.
*She has always been identified with the radical left.
Trans：我拒绝与那个新组织有关联。
(=I refused to identify myself with the new organization.)
CF: identify, recognize & make out 这些动词均含“认出，识别”之意。
identify指辨别、确定人的身份或物品的归属等。
recognize 所辨认的人或物多是以前所熟悉的。
make out通常指通过人的感觉器官来辨别事物。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
(1) I didn't ________ you in your uniform. （= recognize）
(2) His accent ________ him as a Frenchman. （= identified）
(3) He could just ________a dark shape moving towards him. (=make out)
(4) Scientists have ________ the gene that causes abnormal growth. (=identified)

12. to the extent that: so much that
NB: 英语中还有一个词组与该词组意思相同：to such an extent that，意为“到这样的程度以致”。常用的关于extent的词组还有：to a certain extent 在一定程度上；to some extent 在某种程度上；to a great/large extent 在很大程度上

13. tendency: n. a characteristic likelihood of doing sth.
*There is an increasing tendency for women to have children later in life.
Trans: 男孩的好斗倾向比女孩强。(＝Boys have a stronger tendency to fight than girls.)
Collocations:
aggressive tendency 进攻倾向; suicidal tendency 自杀倾向;
criminal tendency 犯罪倾向; artistic tendency 艺术倾向;
have a tendency to/towards sth. 有做某事的倾向

14. attribute:
(1) vt. to regard sth. as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb./sth.
*We attribute courage to the lion and cunning to the fox.
Trans: 艾丽思的成功归功于她的聪明和勤奋。
(=Alice's success should be attributed to her intelligence and hard work.)
(2) n. a quality considered as belonging to a person or thing; characteristic.
*Patience is an attribute of a good teacher.
Trans: 一名好经理应该具备何种素质？
(=What attributes should a good manager possess?)

15. hostility: n. unfriendliness; opposition.
*The guard dog showed signs of hostility toward the newcomers.
Collocations:
open hostility 公开的敌意
*They eyed each other with open hostility. 他们带着明显的敌意注视对方。
popular hostility 公众的敌意
*Pictures of refugees aroused popular hostility towards the war. 难民照片引起了公众对于战争的愤怒。
hostility to/towards sb./sth. 对某人或某事的敌意
*There was fierce hostility to the new policy. 新政引起了强烈的敌意。

16. allocate: vt. to divide and give as a share
*You should allocate the same amount of time to each question.
*One million dollars was allocated for disaster relief.
CF: assign, distribute, divide & allocate 这些动词均含“分配”、“分发”之意。
assign指分配某项任务给某人或让某人负责某事；也可指为某事指定时间、地点。
distribute通常指将整体或定量分为若干份来分配。
divide普通用词，强调将某物分成若干份分配给他人，当某物一分为二时，含平均分配之意。
allocate将某物划归特殊用途使用或将某物划拨给特定的人。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
(1) The Wall used to ________ East and West Berlin. （= divide）
(2) The Ford Foundation ________ millions of dollars for cancer research. (=allocated）
(3) Clothes and blankets have been ________ among the refugees. (=distributed)
(4) I've been ________ the task of looking after the new students. (=assigned)

17. as such: properly so named; in the exact meaning of the stated thing
*Birth is a natural process and should be treated as such.
分娩是一个自然过程，也应该这样被对待。
Trans: 如果格林先生选择像小孩一样行事，他也许就得这样被对待。
（=If Mr. Green chooses to act like a child, he may have to be treated as such.）
Collocation: be treated as such 被这样对待；be recognized as such 被这样认可；
be accepted as such 被这样接受

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