英语语法 如何把直接引语转换为间接引语.doc

如何把直接引语转换为间接引语
引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
　　1. 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导，很多时候可省略that。例如：
She said, "I am very happy to help you."
àShe said she was very happy to help me.
She said, “I will go to Guangzhou tomorrow.”
àShe said that she would go to Guangzhou the next day/the following day.
She said, “I have lived in Foshan for several years.”
àShe said that she had lived in Foshan for several years.
She said, “ I am reading a book now.”
àShe said that she was reading a book at that time/moment.
John said, “I am leaving for Paris on Wednesday”
àJohn said that he was leaving for Paris on Wednesday.
2. 直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if（是否） 引导。先把直接引语变为陈述句语序，再放在whether或if后面。例如：
He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"
à
àHe asked me whether/if I liked playing football.
He asked Mary, “Will you come to my birthday party?”
àYou will come to my birthday party.
àHe asked Mary whether/if she would come to his birthday party.
　　注意：大多数情况下，if和whether 可以互换，但后有or not,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：
　　She asked me whether he could do it or not.
　　He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
　　3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导，先把直接引语（去掉特殊疑问词后）变为陈述句语序，再放回特殊疑问词后进行相应的变化。例如：
My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?”
àYou like the film
àMy sister asked me how I liked the film.
John asked Mary, “Where shall we go?”
àJohn asked Mary where they should go.
John asked Mary, “When shall we leave for Paris?”
àJohn asked Mary when they should leave for Paris.
1. Franco asked me, “Is the food ready?”
àFranco asked me whether/if the food was ready.
2. Phillip asked Lily, “Are the young couple drinking red or white wine?”
àthe young couple are drinking red or white wine.
àPhillip asked Lily whether/if the young couple were drinking red or white wine.
3. He asked, “Who is working in the restaurant?”
àHe asked who was working in the restaurant.
4. Linda asked, “When will the restaurant be ready?”
The restaurant will be ready.
Linda asked when the restaurant would be ready.
5. She asked me, “Will you do me a favor?”
You will do me a favor.
She asked me whether/if I would do her a favor.
6. John said, “I think I will have to take his advice.”
John said that he thought he would have to take his advice.
7. She asked Jack, “What problems have you had this evening?”
àyou have had problems this evening.
She asked Jack what problems he had had that evening.
8. Susan asked, “Can I talk to the guests?”
I can talk to the guests.
Susan asked whether/if she could talk to the guests.
4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如：
A. ask/tell sb to do sth.
B. ask/tell sb not to do sth.
The captain ordered, "Be quiet."
àThe captain ordered us/them/the soldiers to be quiet.
He said to Sue, “Marry me.”
àHe asked Sue to marry him.
Peter told John, “Get out!”
àPeter told John to get out.
　　注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。
My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh.”
àMy teacher asked me not to laugh.
He said to her, “Don’t dance in the toilet bowl.”
àHe asked her not to dance in the toilet bowl.
　　5. 一些注意事项
　　(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：
They told their son, "The earth goes round the sun."
àThey told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
我爷爷告诉我，共产党(Communist Party)的宗旨(gist)是为人民服务。
My grandfather told me that the gist of the Communist Party is to serve the people.
(2)直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：this/theseà that/those, nowàthen, todayàthat day, yesterdayàthe day before, last yearàthe year before, agoàbefore, hereàthere等。例如：
My wife said to me, “I will bring my new lover home this evening.”
àMy wife said to me that she would bring her new lover home that evening.
He said, "I haven't seen her today."
àHe said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
He shouted to me, “Fuck/Piss off!”
àHe asked me loudly/angrily to fuck/piss off.
He said to Ivy, “Please don’t leave me.”
He asked/told Ivy not to leave him.
He begged Ivy not to leave him.
Linda asked Kathy, “Will you be there tomorrow?”
àYou will be there tomorrow.
àLinda asked Kathy whether/if she would be there the next/following day.
Kevin asked Cecilia, “Do you know how much I miss you?”
àyou know how much I miss you.
àKevin asked Cecilia whether/if she knew how much he missed her.
Kevin asked Cecilia, “When will I see you again?”
àI will see you again.
àKevin asked Cecilia when he would see her again.
　　注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。
　　(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：
He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"
à
Tom asked, "What do you want, Ann?"
à

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