高中英语英语时态.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语的时态,一、一般现在时,一般现在时,一直以来的习惯动作；目前状态；规律,动词第三人称单数的变化规则,1,、直接在动词后,+s,like-likes,play-plays,2,、以,s,x,sh,ch,接尾的动词：,+es,wash-washes,3,、以辅音,+o,接尾的动词：,+es,go-goes,4,、以辅音,+y,接尾的动词：变,y,为,i+es,fly-flies,一、一般现在时的用法,1),经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语everyday,often,always,once a week,seldom,usually等连用。,I leave home for school at 7 every morning.,He,cycles,to work every day.,2),客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。,The earth moves around the sun.,Shanghai lies in the east of China.,Water,boils,at 100 centigrade degrees.,3),表示格言或警句中。,Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。,4),现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。,I dont want so much.,Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.,写出下列动词在句中的适当形式：,1,）,We _(love)sports.,2,）,She _(sing)well.,3,）,Tom and John _(watch)TV,every evening.,4,）,My son _(go)to school by bike.,5,）,Their teacher usually _(walk)to,school.,6,）,Five plus two _(make)seven.,7,）,They all _(like)him.,8,）,The sun _(fall)in the west.,Practice,love,sings,watch,goes,walks,makes,like,falls,二、一般过去时,一般过去时,过去动作、过去习惯、过去状态,动词过去式的变化（规则动词）,一般在词尾加,ed,ask asked;help helped,e.g.They,asked,me the time just now.,以,e,结尾直接加,d,arrive arrived,e.g.I,arrived,late this morning.,动词过去式的变化（规则动词）,以重读闭音节结尾的，则双写,plan planned,e.g.We,planned,to go to the party.,以辅音字母,y,结尾，去,y,变,i,加,ed,。,如,try tried;study studied,e.g.He,tried,to climb the tree,but he could not.,动词过去式的变化（不规则动词）,例：,go went,drink drank,eat ate,see saw,不规则动词表,go,am/is,are,begin,meet,write,build,buy,can,have/has,take,catch,come,do,swim,drink,drive,eat,get,see,was,were,began,met,wrote,built,bought,could,caught,came,did,swam,drank,drove,ate,got,went,had,took,spend,spent,leave,left,saw,二、一般过去时的用法,1,）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。,时间状语有：,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,等。,I saw Tom in the street yesterday.,I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.,2,）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。,When I was a child,I often played football in the street.,He always went to work by bus.,一、单项选择：,()1,My father_ill,(,生病的,)yesterday,A,isnt B,arent C,wasnt D,werent()2,_your parents at home last week,A,Is B,Was C,Are D,Were()3.Thetwins(,双胞胎,)_in Dalianlast year.,They_here,now,A,are;were B,were;are C,was;are D,were;was,C,D,B,()4._your father at work the day_yesterday,A,Was;before B,Is;before C,Was;after D,Is;after()5,Who was,on duty(,值日,),last Friday,_,A,I am B,I was,C,Yes,I was D,No,I wasnt,A,B,三、一般将来时,一般将来时,will do,将要发生、意志决心、临时,决定、总是发生,am/is/are going to do,事前做出的安排或打算；迹象表明要发生,三、一般将来时,1)shall,用于第一人称，常被,will,所代替。,will,在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。,Which paragraph shall I read first,？,Will you be at home at seven this evening?,2)be going to+,不定式，表示将来。,a.,主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。,What are you going to do tomorrow?,b.,计划，安排要发生的事。,The play is going to be produced next month.,c.,有迹象要发生的事,Look at the dark clouds;there is going to be a storm.,3)be+,不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。,We are to discuss the report next Saturday.,4)be about to+,不定式，意为马上做某事。,He is about to leave for Beijing.,注意：,be about to,不能与,tomorrow,next week,等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。,be going to/will,的用法之比较：,用于条件句时，,be going to,表将来，,will,表意愿。例如：,If you are going to make a journey,youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.,Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.,be to,和,be going to,的用法之比较：,be to,表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而,be going to,则表示主观的打算或计划。例如：,I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(,客观安排,),Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.(,主观安排,),练一练：,A,、根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。,1,）我打算明天和我的朋友去旅行。,I,go on a trip with my friends tomorrow.,或者：,I,go on a trip with my friends tomorrow.,2,）下个星期一你打算去干嘛,?,我想去打篮球。,-What,next Monday?,-I,play basketball.,或者：,-What,you do next Monday?-I,play basketball.,3,）你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。,-,your mother,go shopping this,?,-Yes,she,.She,buy some fruit.,Practice,am going to,will,are you going to do,am going to,will,will,Is,going to,weekend,Is,is going to,时间,现在,过去,那时所预见的情况,四、一般过去将来时,一、基本概念：,过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态，即立足于过去某时，从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。,1)He said his mother would buy a bike for him,2)My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more.,3)Would it be all right if he knew his illness?,二、基本形式：,would,should,动词原形,（其中,would,用于各种人称，,should,常用于第一人称）。,例如：,They were sure they would win the final victory,他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。,He didnt expect that we should,（,would,）,all be there,他没想到我们都在那里。,上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语,would win,和,should,（,would,）,be,分别与其主句谓语,were sure,和,didnt expect,相对应。,三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式：,1,was,were,going to,动词原形,He said he was going to try,他说他准备试试。,2,was,were,to,动词原形,They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day,他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。,3,was,were about,动词原形,We were about to go out when it began to rain,我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。,4,过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如,go,，,come,，,leave,，,start,，,open,，,begin,等）也可用于表示将来。,I didnt know when they were coming again,我不知道他们什么时候再来。,I.,选择填空,1.Jenny said she _her holiday in China.,A.spent B.would spent,C.was going to spent D.would spend,2.What did your son say in the letter?,He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.,A.will visit B.has visited,C.is going to visit D.would visit,3.Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year.,A.took B.would take,C.takes D.will take,4.We were not sure whether they _ more vegetables.,A.are going to grow B.were going to grow,C.will grow D.have grown,D,D,B,B,5.She _ to work when the telephone rang.,A.is going B.will go,C.was about to go D.is to go,II.用所给动词的适当形式填空,1.Miss Zhang said she,_ _,(visit)the Great Wall next summer.,2.She told him that she,_ _ _,(not stay)here for long.,3.I wasnt sure whether Lucy,_,(come)the next year.,4.She said the bus,_,(leave)at five the next morning.,5.He was fifty-six.In two years he,_ _,(be)fifty-eight.,would visited,would not stayed,would come,would left,would be,C,五、现在进行时,现在进行时,am/is/are doing,（,V-ing,现在分词,),目前或现阶段正在发生、一直或断续发生、将要发生,25,现在分词的变化规律,read,listen,drink,have,make,write,swim,run,reading,listening,drinking,having,making,writing,swimming,running,直接,+,ing,以不发音,e,结尾的动词，去,e+ing,：,以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母,+ing,：,现在分词的变化规律,27,直接,+ing,：,reading listening cleaning drinking,write-writing make-making give-giving,havehaving come-coming,以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母,+ing,：,getting letting running,putting swimming,以不发音,e,结尾的动词，去,e+ing,：,现在分词的变化规律,即学即练,do_ watch_,clean _ read_,eat_ play_,hav,_ writ_,run _ swim_,ing,ing,ing,ing,ing,ing,ning,ming,ing,e,e,ing,五、现在进行时,1.,表示现在,(,指说话人说话时,),正在发生的事情。例如：,We are waiting for you.,2.,习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：,Mr.Green is writing another novel.,(,说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。,),She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.,3.,表示渐变的动词有：,get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin,等。,The leaves are turning red.,Its getting warmer and warmer.,4.,与,always,constantly,forever,等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。,You are always changing your mind.,知识扩展：不用进行时的动词,1),事实状态的动词。,如：,have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue,I have two brothers.,This house belongs to my sister.,2),心理状态的动词。,如：,know,realize,think see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate,I need your help.,He loves her very much.,3),瞬间动词。,如：,accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.,I accept your advice.,4),系动词。,如：,seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn,You seem a little tired.,六、过去进行时,过去进行时,was/were doing,过去时刻或阶段正在发生、一直或断续发生、将要发生,六、过去进行时,1,）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。,2,）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。,3),常用的时间状语有：,this morning,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while,例句：,My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.,It was raining when they left the station.,When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.,典型例题,1)Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.,A.made,B.is making,C.was making,D.makes,答案,C.,割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，,when,表时间的同时性，,玛丽在做衣服时,提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。,2)As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.,A.read;was falling,B.was reading;fell,C.was reading;was falling,D.read;fell,答案,B.,句中的,as=when,while,，意为,当,之时,。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为,在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。,句中的,fell(fall,的过去时,),，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：,fall sick,。,1.Look!How wonderful my car is!Oh,Jack.What are you thinking about?Dont you like it?,Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time.I certainly think its smart.,A.wasnt making B.dont make,C.wont makeD.didnt make,2.To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.,A.is changingB.has changed,C.will have changedD.will change,3.He _ quite well,but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.,A.will swim B.have swumC.swam D.swims,4.Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up,but he _by now.,A.hasnt turned up B.doesnt turn up,C.wont turn up D.hadnt turned up,5.Im terribly sorry for being late,but I _ the wrong bus.,A.catch B.had caughtC.caughtD.catching,7.The truth,sir,is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.,A.was to walk B.had been walking,C.walked D.was walking,8.I really dont think Rose will be upset,but I will go and see her in case she _.,A.is B.does C.will beD.has been,9.The computers made by our company sell best,but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.,A.were playingB.were to play,C.had played D.played,10.Kate is in hospital.,Oh,really?I _._ visit her.,A.didnt know;Ill go andB.dont know;Ill go and,C.dont know;Im going toD.didnt know;Im going to,11.Where _ the guidebook?I cant see it anywhere.,I _ it right here,but now its gone.,A.did you put;have putB.had you put;have put,C.have you put;putD.were you putting;put,14.Do you live in this city?,No,we _ it for holidays.,A.just visit B.just visited C.are just visiting D.have visited,15.How is the old man now?,Sorry,he _ though they did all they could to save him.,A.was deadB.had died C.has been dead D.died,16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.,A.will be taken B.are takenC.were taken D.had been taken,17.Im afraid it will be two months _.,A.when I come back B.when Ill come back,C.before I come backD.before Ill come back,18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office.,A.had worked,had left B.were working;had left,C.working;had leftD.had worked;left,21.The notice _“No smoking”.,A.is told B.readsC.tells D.is read,七、现在完成时,现在完成时：,have/has done,（过去分词）,关注,“,过去事件,”,对现在的影响或结果；对经历经验的总结,七、现在完成时,1,现在完成时的构成：,助动词,have(has)+,动词的过去分词,注：,has,用于第三人称单数，,have,用于其他所有人称。,2,现在完成时的用法：,（,1,）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词,just,，,already,before,yet,never,ever,等状语连用。例如：,I have,never,heard of that,before,.,Have you,ever,ridden a horse?,She has,already,finished the work.,Have you milked the cow,yet,?Yes,I have done that,already,.,Ive,just,lost my science book.,有时没有时间状语；多是一般疑问句。,（,2,）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如：,for,和,since,，以及,so far,now,today,this week(month,year),等。,I havent seen her,these days,.,She has learnt English,for 3 years,.,They have lived here,since 1990,.,What has happened to the USA,in the last 350 years,?,注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如,come,go,die,marry,buy,等的完成时不能与,for,since,等表示一段时间的短语连用。,（,3,）现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作，例如：,Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.,If it has stopped snowing in the morning,well go to the park.,（,4,）,have been(to),和,have gone(to),的区别：,have/has been(to),表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。,have/has gone(to),表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。,试比较：,He has been to Beijing.,他曾去过北京。,（人已回来，可能在这儿）,He has gone to Beijing.,他已经去了北京。,（人已走，不在这儿）。,一般过去时与现在完成时之比较,1,）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。,2,）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语有：,yesterday,last week,，,ago,in1980,in October,just now,具体的时间状语。,共同的时间状语有：,this morning,tonight,this April,now,once,，,before,already,recently,，,lately,等。,现在完成时的时间状语有：,for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always,等不确定的时间状语。,请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：,I saw this film yesterday.,（强调看的动作发生过了。）,I have seen this film.,（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,She has returned from Paris.,（她已从巴黎回来了。）,She returned yesterday.,（她是昨天回来了。）,He has been in the League for three years.,(,在团内的状态可延续,),He joined the League three years ago.,(,三年前入团，,joined,为短暂行为。,),注意：句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如,yesterday,last week,in 1960,）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：,（错）,Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.,（对）,Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,延续动词与瞬间动词,1),用于完成时的区别：,延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。,He has completed the work.,他已完成了那项工作。,(,表结果,),Ive known him since then.,我从那时起就认识他了。,(,表经历,),2),用于,till/until,从句的差异：,延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做,直到,”,；瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到,，才,”,。,He didnt come back until ten oclock.,他到,10,点才回来。,He slept until ten oclock.,他一直睡到,10,点。,(一)当句中有never,ever,just,already,yet,before等时，常用现在完成时。,1.-Mum,may I go out and play basketball?-_you_ your homework yet?,A.Do;finish B.Are;finishing C.Did;finish D.Have;finished,2.-_ you _anywhere before?-Yes,but I cant remember where I_,A.Did;surf;surfed B.Have;surfed;surfed,C.Did;surf;have surfed D.Have;surfed;have surfed,当句中有for+段时间或since+点时间等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词,1.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan.,A.after B.before C.since D.for,2.Tom_the CD player for two weeks.,A.has lent B.has borrowed C.has bought D.has had,3.I_a letter from him since he left.,A.didnt receive B.havent got C.didnt have D.havent heard,典型例题：,1.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.,A.had met,B.have met,C.met,D.meet,答案,B,；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，,several times,告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。,2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.,-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.,A.have been,B.had been,C.was,D.will be,答案,A,；等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。,八、过去完成时,过去完成时：,had done,过去的时间或事件之前所发生的事情，即,“,过去的过去,”,七、过去完成时的用法,1,、概念：表示过去的过去。,-|-|-|-,那时以前 那时 现在,其结构是：,had+,过去分词,2,、过去完成时的用法：,（,1,）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用,by,before,until,when,等词引导的时间状语。,By the end of last year we had built five new houses.,I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.,（,2,）过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。,Before he slept,he had worked for 12 hours.,（,3,）在,told,said,knew,heard,thought,等动词后的宾语从句。,She said(that)she had never been to Paris.,（,4,）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。,When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.,（,5,）表示意向的动词，如,hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose,等，用过去完成时表示,原本,，未能,We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.,（,6,）过去完成时的时间状语,before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as,。,He said that he had learned some English before.,By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself.,Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.,九、现在完成进行时,主语,+have,（,has,）,been+,动词,-ing,（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去,The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.,中国有,2000,年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）,I have been learning English since three years ago.,自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。,（动作还将继续下去）,I study for Engilsh since 10 years ago.,（二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。,We have been waiting for you for half an hour.,我们已经等你半个钟头了,(,人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等,),（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于,现在完成时,的句子。,They have been