形容词及副词用法.doc

形容词和副词的用法
一、形容词
　　用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。
　　形容词的作用，见下表：
作 用
例 句
定 语
You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.
表 语
Your coat is too small.
宾语补足语
The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.
　　形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：
　　You'd better tell us something interesting.
　　The police found nothing strange in the room.
　　形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor;
　　good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如：
　　The young should take good care of the old.
　　年轻人应该好好照顾老人。
　　The rich never help the poor in this country.
　　在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。
　　表示数量的词组。如：
　　One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor.
　　有一天，一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。
　　I live in a building about fifty meters high.
　　我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。
　　else要放在疑问代词之后。如：
　　Did you see anybody else?
　　你看到别的人了吗？
　　二、副词
　　英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：
　　多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：
　　We are living happily.
　　我们幸福的生活着。
　　He runs slowly.
　　他跑的很慢。
　　时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：
　　They went to the park yesterday morning.　　昨天上午他们去公园了。
　　I heard him sing English songs over there.　　我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。
　　He drove the jeep carefully.　　 他小心地开着吉普。
　　注意：有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：
Yesterday I got up late.　昨天我起床很晚。
频度副词usually, sometimes, always, often等词，一般放在be动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前
　　如：He is seldom ill.
　　    他很少生病。
　　   You must always remember this.
　　   你一定要记住这一点。
　　   I often write to my parents.
　　   我经常写信给父母。
　　 注意： 有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：
　　Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.
　　有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。
　　程度副词修饰动词，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：
　　That's quite early.
　　那很早。
　　I nearly missed the bus.
　　我几乎错过了公交车。
　　She did rather badly.
　　她干得相当糟。
　　否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：
　　She seldom goes out at night.
　　她晚上很少出门。
　　I am never late for school.
　　我上学从不迟到。
　　We had hardly got to the station when the train left.
　　火车离开时，我们差不多/几乎到了车站。
　　疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：
　　When can you come?
　　你什么时候来？
　　What are you going to do when you grow up?
　　张大以后，你打算干什么？
　　同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：
　　The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.
　　明天会议将在教室里举行。
　　He watched TV in his room last night.
　　他作晚在房间里看电视。
　　They arrived in Beijing at 8 o'clock last evening.
他们昨天晚上8:00到达北京。
注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如：
　　late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等

三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
　1.规则变化
　单音节词和部分双音节词
　（1）一般在词尾加er,est. hard---harder---hardest  great---greater---greatest
　(2)以字母e结尾的加r,st. nice---nicer----nicest    able---abler----ablest
　　(3)重读闭音节中末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加er,est.
　　big---bigger---biggest   fat---fatter---fatter   red---redder---reddest
　　thin---thinner---thinnest   hot---hotter---hottest   wet---wetter---wettest
多音节词和部分双音节词,在其前加more,most.
polite---more polite---most polite    exciting---more exciting---most exciting
interesting-more interesting-most imnteresting  carefully--more carefully--most carefullyquickly--more quickly--most quickly     happily--more happily--most happily
级别
比较程度
表达方式和意义
例 句
备 注
原

级
同
等
程
度
肯
定
形
式
As+原级+as
(像……一样)
Art is as interesting as music.
Play as well as you can.

否
定
形
式
not + so (as) +原级+as
(不如……那样)
English is not so difficult as science.
She does not study so well as I do.

比较级
不同程度
（用于两者比较）
比较级+than
(比……)
Jim is older than Luky.
I like pork better than beef.
比较级前面可以加
much, far, even, still,
a lot, a little, a bit等
程度加深
比较级+and+比较级
（越来越……）
The + 比较级，the + 比较级
（越……, 越……）
He is growing taller and taller.
He studies better and better.
The more books she reads, the better she understand.

最高级
最高程度
（用于三者或三者以上）
The +最高级+of (in)
(最……)
the + 序数词 + 最高级形容词
Spring is the best season of the year.
Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.
副词最高级前面的the 往往省略
选择题　
1.Don't worry, sir. I'm sure I can run _________ to catch up with them.
A. slowly enough  B. enough slowly  C. fast enough  D. enough fast
2. The text is very easy for you. There are ________ new words in it.
A. many  B. a little  C. few  D. little
3. It's such an ________ film that all the students are ______ in it.
A. interesting; interested  B. interested; interesting  C. interesting; interesting  D. interested; interested
4. Mingming got up very _______,so he came to school half an hour ______.
A. late; lately  B. lately; late  C. lately; lately  D. late; late
5. I am ________ worried about your parents' healthy conditions.
A. some time B. time  C. sometimes  D. some times
6. - Dad , when will you be free?  You agreed to go to the seaside with me four days ago.
-- I am sorry, Jean. But I think I will have a ______ holiday soon.
　A. four-days    B. four day      C. four days     D. four-day
7. -Look! How fast the two horses are running!
--Oh, yes! They are nearly _______.
A. up and down  B. slower and slower  C. more or less  D. neck and neck
8. ______ children there are in family,_______ their life will be.
A. The less; the better  B. The fewer; the better  C. Fewer; richer  D. More; poorer
9. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ________.
A. more and more rich  B. more rich and more rich 
C. richer and richer  D. richer and richest
10. Which lesson is _______, this one or that one?
A. difficult  B. much difficult  C. more difficult  D. the most difficult
11. "A ______ accident happened at 7:30 a.m." said the policeman _______.
A. serious, serious  B. seriously, seriously 
C. seriously, serious  D. serious, seriously
12. ________ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge?
A. How B. How often  C. How far  D. How much
13. In our city, it is ______ in July, but it is even _______ in August.
A. hotter; hottest  B. hot; hot  C. hotter; hot  D. hot; hotter
14. This pencil is ______ that one.
A. so long as  B. as longer as  C. longer than  D. not as longest as
15. The station is two kilometers _______ the hospital.
A. away to  B. far away  C. far from  D. away from
16. Beijing has ______ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours.
A. so  B. very  C. too  D. much
17. This box is ______ heavy ________ I can't carry it.
A. too, to  B. so, that  C. very, that  D. too, that
18. India has the second _______ population in the world.
A. larger  B. most  C. smallest  D. largest
19. Mary received ________ many postcards at Christmas.
　   A. so  B. such  C. too  D. even
20. The cake smells ______. Please throw it away.
　　   A. good  B. badly  C. bad  D. well

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