PEC航空英语证书考试-航空词汇解释.doc

PEC航空英语证书考试-航空词汇解释A.C. a/c an adjective referring to the back part of a plane. Rear is also used with the same meaning. It contrasts with forward. The words before and after are only used to talk about time relationships Alternating Current: the type of electrical power generated by the engine generators and characterised by frequency oscillation as opposed to D.C. (Direct Current). abbreviation for aircraft abeam the runway indicating that the runway is to the side of the aircraft, at a bearing of approximately 90 or 270 relative to the aircraft, i.e. to the right or the left abort (v) to stop doing something or stop a process that you had intended to do or had already started to do, especially a take-off or landing: take-off must be aborted before V1. ACAS A.C. bus AC Essentialaccess platform Airborne Collision Avoidance System: an aircraft system using Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) transponder signals, which operates independently of ground equipment to alert the flight crew about conflicting aircraft an aircraft electrical power distribution point for alternating current to which several power circuits are connected feed the main alternating current power supply a platform mounted on wheels with steps which allows technicians to gain access to the higher parts of the aircraft accretion rate the speed at which ice is accumulating; it is also referred to as the accumulation rate or build-up rate acknowledge (v) to say that you have heard and understood. It is important that the controller listens carefully to pilot input on the nature of the emergency, requests clarification if in doubt, and gives the crew reassurance that their problem is understood. Requesting and providing clarification, paraphrasing, confirming and acknowledging all play a key role in such exchanges: In case of radio failure, acknowledge by flashing headlights. acrid used to describe a sharp, bitter (smell), especially of smoke or fumes acute 1) at a sharp angle, at an angle of less than 90 2) severe: acute pain ADF Automatic Direction Finder: airborne radio navaid tuned to non-directional beacons; the intersection of two bearings provides the aircrafts position: if the ADF needle points up, the NDB is ahead advance (v) to move forward the thrust or throttle levers to increase engine power; the contrary of to retard: advance the thrust levers to TOGA (Take-off / Go-around) Advanced Visual Docking Guidance System another term for the Nose-in Guidance System or PAPA (Parallel Aircraft Parking Aid). Different technologies are used, but basically they all use a system of lights to guide the crew to the correct position for their aircraft type advise (v) most often used in aviation in the sense of to inform or to tell, rather than to recommend: advise intentions advisory information displayed to the crew which does not require immediate action or informational documents issued by the regulator or the manufacturer aerodrome affect (v) affirm against any place from which aircraft flight operations take place to have an effect or influence on something or someone: It is well known that fatigue affects a pilots alertness and performance yes: Confirm 8.33. Affirm. 8.33. 1) in relation to, compared with: the airspeed against angle of attack ratio was a concern 2) in contact with: the aircraft overran the end of the runway and came to a stop against the boundary fence. AGNIS Azimuth Guidance for Nose-In Stand: one of the most popular forms of stand guidance, i.e. ways of guiding a plane to its correct position in the stand ahead in front of the aircraft: there is traffic ahead at 10 oclock. Word Definition and examples ahead of the a desirable condition meaning that the flight crew can anticipate what the aircraft will do and what aircraft they should plan for in advance: the crew must stay ahead of the aircraft at all times. aileron power a hydraulically powered servo-control which moves the ailerons on the outer wings control unit air conditioning a large unit comprising an air cycle machine and pre-cooler which regulates bleed air from the engine pack compressor for use in conditioning the cabin air Air Data Computer ADC: a digital computer serving as a central source of information on the surrounding atmosphere and the aircraft flight through it. It provides the pressure altitude, outside air temperature, airspeed, Mach number and angle of attack data to the automatic flight control system, the flight instruments and other systems. Air Safety report a report written after an operational incident. Transparent, non-blaming reporting of incidents contributes significantly to improvements in safety and a better understanding of error chains airborne 1) in the air 2) installed or carried on the aircraft: The ADF is an airborne navaid airbridge a telescopic walkway for passengers to board and disembark from the aircraft directly from and to the terminal building; it is also referred to as a jetway or jetty aircraft AMT: an aircraft mechanic or engineer who inspects and services the aircraft (engine oil levels, tyre maintenance pressure and wear, signs of fuel or hydraulic leaks, impact damage to the engine air intakes and wing technician leading edges etc.), performs any small repairs and makes entries in the aircraft technical logbook. These activities are line maintenance airframe another word for the aircraft structure or fuselage and wings; hull is also used AIrProX a situation in which the distance between aircraft and their relative positions and speed is such that their safety may be threatened. After such an incident a pilot or ATCO can file a report. airstairs mobile stairs used at outlying stands for passengers to board and disembark AlAr Approach and Landing Accident Reduction: more accidents occur during approach and landing than during any other phase of flight. The Flight Safety Foundation has gathered extensive research on this issue and published the ALAR Tool Kit. alternate (n) an airport along or near the scheduled route to which the aircraft can divert and where it can land in case of an incident during the flight alternative something you can choose to do instead of something else. It can be related to any aspect of the flight: routing, level, heading, timing etc: We have two alternatives: uplift extra fuel or offload the last passengers. altimeter setting standard pressure altitude with reference to sea level (QNH) or local pressure altitude at the airport elevation (QFE) set by the crew on their altimeter and critical, especially during descent and approach: The altimeter setting is 1023. Confirm. altitude restriction an obligation for the crew to not fly above or below a certain altitude at a given point or in a given area amber transit lights the amber lights neat the landing gear lever which are illuminated when the landing gear is moving between its extended and retracted positions and vice versa ambient lighting the general lighting of the cockpit provided by the dome light amend (v) to modify or change something: We wish to amend our flight plan. Amt See aircraft maintenance technician analog(ue) technology based on continuous variables rather than digital binary inputs: Most analog(ue) instruments have been replaced by digital displays. angled exit / exits designed to facilitate aircraft vacating the runway at speed, hence the term high-speed turnoff, turn-off and performing a rolling start for take-off angle of attack AOA or : the angle between the chord line of the wing of an aircraft and the vector representing the relative motion between the aircraft and the atmosphere. Information from the angle of attack sensor, or alpha probe, is used to trigger a stall warning. anomaly an unusual, incorrect or abnormal event: we experienced an oil pressure indication anomaly on Engine Number 3. ANSP Air Navigation Service Provider: organisation providing air traffic control within a given region for example, Aerothai, Airways NZ, DFS, FANA, FAA, NAV Canada, NATS, PANSA, ENAV etc. anti-ice / anti-icing all the pneumatic systems which prevent the accumulation of ice on the wing leading edges and engine air intakes: wing anti-ice, engine anti-ice Word Definition and examples Antonov Russian aircraft manufacturer. The Antonov 124 and 225 are currently among the worlds largest cargo aircraft; the Antonov 225 has a maximum take-off weight of approximately 600 tonnes approach charts instrument approach charts show holding procedures, instrument approach procedures and missed approach procedures. In addition to the plan and profile views of various instrument procedures, the charts provide a wealth of other information: obstacle location and clearance height (OCH); ground speeds versus rates of descent; VOR-DME, LOC, G/S, IAF identifiers and frequencies; transition altitudes and levels; airfield elevation in feet and metres; Tower, Approach, Ground and ATIS radio frequencies; the location of outer, middle and inner markers, fixes and missed approach point; ILS minima; minimum safe /descent altitudes; final approach course; decision height / altitude; threshold crossing heights (TCH); missed approach procedure etc. Approach Control the frequency used by the Approach controllers at a given airport as distinct from the Tower or Ground frequency frequencies approach gate an imaginary point used as a basis for vectoring the aircraft to the final approach course. The gate will be established along the final approach course 1 mile from the final approach fix on the side away from the airport and will be no closer than 5 miles from the landing threshold approach segments the parts of an instrument approach: arrival, initial approach, intermediate approach, final approach and missed approach segments apron the paved area around the terminal buildings, hangars and cargo terminals where aircraft park APU Auxiliary Power Unit: a small gas turbine engine, usually located in the tail cone, which is used on the ground when the engines are shut down to generate electricity, to provide air conditioning and high pressure air to start the engines. The APU can also be used in flight up to 25,000 feet for back-up electrical power in the event of an engine failure aquaplaning when an aircrafts wheels are partially supported by standing water on the runway and not fully in contact with the runway surface so that braking and steering are inefficient arc the ground track of an aircraft flying a constant DME distance from a navaid to intercept the ILS localizer inbound course. The DME arc is often used to transition from en route to intermediate approach. Are you visual? Have you got the runway in sight? Area Control ACC: ATCOs responsible for planes overflying a large area of airspace en route at altitude (Centre) area navigation RNAV: area navigation allows pilots to fly on a direct course using, but not actually overflying, ground-based radio aids. RNAV systems can provide distance to waypoints in nautical miles, crosstrack deviation from the selected course, groundspeed in knots and time-to-waypoints: LORAN-C and GPS are forms of area navigation. arm (v) asap assess (v) to place a device in an active mode so that it is ready to operate: arm the Vertical Speed mode on the FCU / MCP; the cabin attendant armed the escape slide as soon as possible: immediately, very quickly to evaluate: After a major failure, the crew must assess the situation assigned level the flight level to which a flight has been cleared by ATC asymmetry unequal position or force on the two sides of the aircraft; flap asymmetry, asymmetric thrust ASU Air Start Unit: ground support vehicle which compresses air and delivers it to the aircraft engine if the APU is not available at time mentioned prior to a given time to avoid confusion with any other value: request descent at time 45 AtIS Automatic Terminal Information Service: a continuous broadcast of recorded non-control information in selected high-activity terminal areas. The report is identified by a sequence of letters (Kilo, Lima, Mike, etc.) For example, “Hong Kong Arrival Information Kilo at 17:05Z; Runway 07 closed for maintenance; Wind 340, 15 knots; Visibility 8 km ” Atr a twin-engine turboprop regional transport manufactured by a consortium of Alenia Aeronautica and EADS. There are two versions: the ATR 42 and larger ATR 72. attitude the position of the aircraft in relation to the three axes: pitch, roll and yaw. Attitude is conventionally displayed on the Attitude Director Indicator (ADI) or artificial horizon, now often incorporated into the Primary Flight Display (PFD). audio warning a standardised sound (repetitive chime, single stroke chime, clacker, cavalry charge, woofer) which draws the crews attention to an anomaly: the ENG 1 red fire warning light came on accompanied by the repetitive chime audio warning. Word Definition and examples autobrake a computer-assisted system which controls and monitors landing gear brake applications in order to achieve maximum braking efficiency: the PF selects an autobrake MIN, MED or MAX setting according to the runway conditions. auto-flight system AFS: the combination of autopilot, autothrottle / autothrust, flight director, autoland systems etc. used to control the flight through the Flight Management System (FMS) autoland an autopilot function which enables the aircraft to be landed automatically. ILS installations now often support fully automatic “hands-off” autoland approaches to below 50 feet above the runway threshold in visibility, or Runway Visual Ranges (RVR) as low as 200 metres or less Automatic ADF: a flight instrument which indicates the direction from which the signal from a non-directional Direction Finder beacon is coming, i.e. a relative bearing Autopilot AP: a computerised system which provides the flight controls with orders: The FAA wants new software installed on Boeing 777s to prevent crews from inadvertently engaging the autopilot before takeoff. autothrottle ATHR, an automatic engine power control system: When using the autothrottle during autoland, position command speed to VREF +5 knots autothrust computerised system which provides the engines with orders: The autothrust was disconnected by the PF to prevent another overspeed conditon aviation English Aviation English is broader than ICAO standard phraseology, but it is the language used by pilots and controllers in an operational context. In the ICAO context, fuel prices, low-cost airlines, aerobatics