资源描述
英语常用词根和词缀 2012/6/17
常见英语词根
10
1) aer, ar, 含义是“空气,大气” aeroplane, aerial,
2) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做,动作” active, agent, reaction,
3) alt, 含义是“高”, altitude,
4) alter, altern, altr, 含义是“其它,变更” alternate,
5) bio, bi, bion, 含义是“生物,生命” biology, bionics(仿生学)
6) brev, bri, brief, 含义是“短” brief, abbreviation, abridge(节略)
7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取,获” capture, except, concept, capacity
8) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行,让步” proceed, succeed, excess(过度)
9) centr, centr, 含义是“中心” concentrate, eccentric(偏心的)
10) clain, clam, 含义是“呼喊” claim, proclaim, exclaim
11) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合” conclude, enclose, include
12) col, cult, 含义是“耕耘” colony, cultivate, agriculture
13) cor, cord, 含义是“心” cordial, record, accord
14) curr, cur, cour, 含义是“跑,动作” current, occur, concurrence(同时发生)
15) dic, dict, 含义是“说,示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict
16) doc, doct, 含义是“教” doctor, document
17) duc, duct含义是“引导,传导” introduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推论)
18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做,创造” factory, effect, profit, faculty, perfect
19) fend, fens, 含义是“打,击” defence, offence
20) fer, 含义是“搬运,移转” ferry, transfer, defer(迟延)
21) fin, finit, 含义是“终,极” final, finish, confine
22) firm, 含义是“坚固” firm, confirm, affirm(断定)
23) fix, 含义是“固定” prefix, affix(附加)
24) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲” flexible, reflex
25) flor, flour, flower, 含义是“花” flower, flourish
26) form, 含义是“形” uniform, formula, transform, reform, deform
27) forc, fort, 含义是“力,强度” force, enforce, effort
28) gen, genit, 含义是“生产,发生” generate, generation
29) gram, graph, 含义是“书写,记录” telegram, diagram, photograph
30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步,阶段” gradually, degree, progress
31) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持,住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit
32) her, hes, 含义是“粘附” adhere, cohesion
33) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射” project, inject
34) jour, 含义是“日,一天” journal(日记), journey, adjourn(延期)
35) jug, junct, 含义是“结合,连合” conjunction, junction(连合)
36) labour, labor, 含义是“劳动,工作” labourer, elaborate, collaborate
37) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选,采集” collect, select, lecture
38) lif, liv, 含义是“生活,生存” life, alive, live
39) loc, 含义是“场所,位置” location, dislocate(脱位)
40) long, leng, ling, 含义是“长的” length, prolong, linger
41) loqu, locut, 含义是“说话” colloquial, eloquent,
42) mand, mend, 含义是“命令” command, demand, recommend
43) man, manu, 含义是“手,手法” manage, manual
44) memor, menber, 含义是“记忆” memory, remember, memorial
45) mind, ment, 含义是“心” mind, remind, mental
46) merc, merch, 含义是“贸易” commerce, merchant
47) meas, mens, meter, metr, 含义是“测量,度量” measure, meter, diameter
48) min, 含义是“小” diminish, minority
49) miss, mit, 含义是“派遣,送” mission, dismiss, transmit, missile
50) mob, mot, mov, 含义是“动” movement, motion, mobile, remove
51) nect, nex, 含义是“捆扎” connect, disconnect, annex(合并)
52) not, 含义是“记号,注意” note, denote, annotation(注释)
53) onom, onym, 含义是“名字” synonym, antonym, anonymous
54) pair, par, 含义是“a)相同,对等b)准备” compare, prepare
55) pel, puls, 含义是“追逐” expel, impel(推进)
56) pend, pens, pond, 含义是“悬挂” depend, independent, expense(支付)
57) phon, 含义是“声音” symphony, telephone, microphone
58) plac, 含义是“位置,场所” place, replace
59) peopl, popul, publ, 含义是“人民,民众” public, republic, popular, people
60) port, 含义是“搬运” export, import, deport(输送)
61) press, 含义是“压,压制” pressure, express, oppress, impression
62) prob, proof, prov, 含义是“实验,验证” prove, approve,
63) quer, quest, quir, quis, 含义是“寻找,探问” inquiry, question, inquisition(调查,追究)
64) rang, rank, 含义是“排列” arrange, rank,
65) rect, right, rig, 含义是“正,直” correct, direct, erect
66) riv, 含义是“河流,流远”,river, arrive, derive
67) rupt, 含义是“破坏,毁坏” eruption, bankrupt, corruption
68) sci, 含义是“认识,知识” science, conscious
69) scrib, script, 含义是“书写,记录” describe, script
70) sens, sent, 含义是“感觉,情感” sensation, sentiment
71) sign, 含义是“标记,符号” signal, signature, design
72) sembl, simil, 含义是“相似,类似” similar, resemble, assimilate(同化)
73) soci, 含义是“结合,社交” social, association
74) spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含义是“看,视” inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respect
75) struct, 含义是“建筑,构造” structure, construct, instruct, destruction
76) tect, teg, 含义是“遮蔽,掩盖” detect, protect
77) temp, tens, 含义是“时间,时机” tense, contemporary, temporal
78) tend, tes, tent, 含义是“倾向, 伸张” tendency, intension, extend, intend
79) test, 含义是“证明,证实” testify, protest, contest(争论)
80) text, 含义是“编织, 构成” textile, texture, context
81) tract, trail, 含义是“拖拉,吸引” attract, tractor, abstract, contract(收缩)
82) tribut, 含义是“给予” contribution, distribute
83) us, ut, 含义是“用,使用” usable, utilize, abuse
84) vac, van, 含义是“空,虚” vacancy, vanity, evacuate(清空)
85) vad, vas, wad, 含义是“走,去” invade, wade, evade(逃避)
86) vers, vert, 含义是“旋转,反转” convert, inversion(倒转), reverse, divert(使转向)
87) vid, vis, vey, view, 含义是“观看,看见” television, visible, evident, interview, survey
88) viv, vit, 含义是“生,活” vivid, vital, survival,
89) war, ward, 含义是“注意,保护” aware, wary(谨慎), ward(守护)
90) way, 含义是“路” way, away, subway, always
常用前缀后缀
前缀
一.表示否定的前缀
1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。 disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意)
2.in-加在形容词,名词之前 incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)
3.im-加在字母 m,b,p之前 impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)
4.il-加在以1开头的词前 illegal(非法的), illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的)
5.ir-加在以 r开头的词前 irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能解决的)
6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前 unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemploy ment(失业)
7.non-加在形容词,名词前 non-existence(不存在), non-essential(不主要的)
8.mis-加在动词、名词之前 misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导)
9.dis-加地动词之前 disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系)
10.de-加在名词,形容词之前 demobili ze(遣散;使…复员)decolor(脱色,漂白)
11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前 anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的)
12.counter-加在名词、动词前 counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)
二.表示“前 before ”的前缀
1.pre-preconception(成见),pre-exsiting(先于……而存在的), preface(前言)
2.Ante-anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者)
3.Fore-forehaed(前额),foreground(前景),foresee(预见,先见)
4.Pro-programme(计划),prologue(序幕)
5.Ex-ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻)
三.表示“后-post”的前缀
1.post-post-war(战后),post-plsition(后置词), postmeridian(下午)
四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀
1.Hypo-Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),pypocholoride(次氯酸盐)
2.Infra-Infra-red(红外线), infrahuman(低于人类的),infrasonic(亚声的,次声的)
3.Sub-sub-way(地铁),submarine(海下的), subtitle(副标题)
五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀
1.Re-Refuel(给…加油),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回)
2.Retro-Retrograde(倒退的), retrospect(回顾)
六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀
1.Co-co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校)
七.表示 “相互”、“之间”的前缀
Inter-Interchangeble(可互换的),international(国际的), inter-national(交往)
八.表示“出”、“超出”的前缀
1.Ec-Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想)
2.Extra-Extraordinary(非凡的), extramural(校外的), extrasensory(超感觉的)
九.表示“超过”的前缀
1.hyper-,preter-,super-,sur-,ultra- hyper-sensitive(过敏的), preterhuman(超人的)
十.其它的前缀
1.auto-自 automatic(自动的), auto-autobilgraphy(自传)
2.mal-坏,恶 Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待)
3.Micro-Microscope(显微镜), microtome(切片机)
4.Tele-远 Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜)
5.Demi-,semi-hemi-Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月)
6.Uni-,mono-(单一,单独)Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服)
7.Bi-,di-二 Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物)
8.Tri-三 Triangle(三角),tripld(三角架)
9.Multi-多 multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的)
10.Poly–多 Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的)
11.Arch-首领 archbishop(大主教), architect(建筑师)
12.bene-善,好 benefit(利益),benevolence(善意)
13.homo-同 homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字)
14.neo新 neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的)
15.ortho-正确,直 orthogonal(直角的), orthodox(正统)
16.philo-挚爱 philosopher(哲学家)
17.proto-原始 protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质)
18.pseudo-假的,伪的,冒充的 pseudony m(匿名),pseudo-communism(假共产主义
19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在 t,c之前)从,自 avoid(避免),absent(缺少的), abstain(抑制),abstract(吸引)
20.Apo-,aph-来自 apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱)
21.se-分离 separation(分开),secure(安全的), sedition(煽动叛乱)
22.para-防 parachute(降落伞),
23.omni-所有的,公共的 omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(万能)
24.pan-全,泛 Pan-American(全美的), panora ma(风景的全貌;万花筒)
25.panto-全 pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大)
27.Per-通过,彻底,不利 perambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的
28 . trans-通过,横过 transcript(抄本,副本;记录),translation(翻译),transport(运输)
29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全 comment(评论),correlation(关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污)
30.syn-共同 synony m(同义词), synchroni zation(同步),synthetic(人工的,合成的)
31.meta-和,在……之后 metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学)
32.Cis-在这一边 cisatlantic(大西洋这边的)
33.pen-几乎,相近 peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的,形成半岛的)
34.en-,em-往……里,使…… enable(使…能),endear(使…受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会))
35.intro内在 intracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的)
36.intro-到……中 introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省)
37.dys-坏 dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾)
38.Eu-优,美好 eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音)
39.ambi-,amphi-两者 amphibian(两栖的), ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的)
40.penta-五 pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星)pentameter(五步诗句)
41.sex-六 sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的)
42.sept-七 September九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度)
43.hepta-七 heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形)
44.octa-,octo,oct八 octagon(八角形), octuple(八倍)October(十月)
45.nona-,ennea-九 nonagon(九角形), ennead(九个一组)
46.deci-,deca-十 decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克)
47.centi-百 centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)
48.Milli千 millenias(千年的), millimeter(毫米)
49.Kilo-千 kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米)
后缀
一、名词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver, teacher,director,actor,professor
2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet
3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette3)女性(female)例词:usherette
4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess
5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词: boyhood,childhood,manhood
6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等( skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词: leadership,friendship, membership,lectureship,sportsmanship
7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful
8.-tion,-ion意为: 1)状态,行动等( state;action;etc.)例词: action,oppression,possession,education, starva-tion2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation
9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词: movement,enslavement,pavement
10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal
11.-age意为:程度,数量等( extent;amount;etc.)例词: wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage, breakage,hostage
12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质( state;quality;etc.)例词: happiness,usefulness,selfishness, kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability
13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等( doctrine of,practice of)例词: idealism,impressionism,absenteeism, racism
二、动词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify,diversify,simplify
2.-ize;-en意为:使 ……,变得 ……(to make or become;to make into)例词: modernize,popularize, legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten
3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate,hydrogenate,validate, differentiate
三、形容词后缀:常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ful意为:充满,有( full of;having;giving;etc.)例词: useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful
2.-less意为:没有,无( without;not giving)例词: speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless
3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly
4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词:childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like
5.-y;-ish意为:像 ……一般的( somewhat like)例词: meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish, girlish,blackish,thinnish
6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing;having the quality of)例词: troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome
7.-able(ible)意为:能 ……的;可以 ……的( able to be;capable)例词: changeable,readable,drinkable, comfortable,expansible,convincible
8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词: wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped
9.-al意为:有 ……属性的,……类型的( nature of,typical of)例词: cultural,personal,regional,musical
10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary, imaginary,contradictory
11.-ous意为:富含 ……的;有 ……品质的;像 ……的( full of;having the quality of;like)例词: glorious, erroneous,malicious,gracious
12.-ic(ical)意为: ……类的;属于 ……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic, methodical,dramatic,heroic
13.-ive意为:有 ……属性的;有某种倾向的( having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词: attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive
四、副词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ly意为:以……方式(ina...manner;etc.)例词:happily,boldly,attentive-ly,strangely
2.-w ard(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向( manner and direction of movement)例词: onward(s),backward
(s), earthward(s), homeward(s), eastward(s)
3.-wise意为: 1)按照 ……方式( in the manner of)例词: crabwise,clockwise2)就 ……而言( as far as...is concerned)例词:weather-wise,education-wise
展开阅读全文