高分“背出”六级、考研写作必备短文一.doc

1. Perseverance

Of all the advantageous characteristics to have, I think that perseverance plays the greatest role in one’s success. Other characteristics, such as intelligence, confidence, and honesty, are no doubt important, but they do not necessarily guarantee success. Perseverance offers no guarantees either, but I believe that this trait offers one more opportunity to succeed.
There are several reasons why perseverance often leads to success. First of all, a man who has perseverance does not give up after a failure. He tries again and can, therefore, learn from his mistakes. Second, a persistent person is usually a hard worker, and hard work is an important ingredient in success. Last, with perseverance comes a certain amount of confidence — the confidence that one will eventually succeed.
For all of these reasons, I believe that perseverance is the most important characteristic to have. It is easily combined with other traits such as diligence and confidence to increase the chances of success. However, without perseverance, one’s success may be more dependent on luck than anything else.

参考译文：
毅力
我认为一个人能否成功，毅力在所有的优点中扮演了最重要的角色。虽然其他的特点，比如聪明才智、信心和诚实都无疑很重要，但是并不能保证一定能使人成功。虽然有毅力也无法保证能成功，但是我相信这个特质会让人有更多的成功的机会。
有毅力就容易成功的原因有好几个。首先，有毅力的人在失败之后不会放弃。他们会再试一次，因此就能从错误中学习。其次，不屈不挠的人通常都十分努力，而努力就是成功的重要因素。最后，有毅力就会产生一定程度的信心——相信自己终究会成功。
基于这些原因，我认为毅力是必须拥有的最重要的特质。毅力很容易就能和其他特点相结合，比如勤勉与信心，这样便能增加成功的机会。然而，如果没有毅力，一个人的成功可能就会需要多靠运气，而不是其他的特质。

2. Learning about Life
As we grow, we learn many things about life. Some of these lessons are easy and some are difficult. What is the best way to learn them? Some believe that they can learn best by listening to the advice of others, while some people believe that it is better to learn through personal experience. Both methods have their advantages.
In the first case, learning by listening to others, we have the benefit of learning from others’ mistakes and are thus being able to avoid them ourselves. We can take advantage of the experience and wisdom of our friends and family. This will help us to make better decisions and avoid costly errors. Furthermore, the people who know us well can advise us effectively because they understand our strengths and weak nesses. At the same time, they are sometimes able to see situations more objectively than we are.
In the second case, learning through doing, we have the advantage of gaining meaningful experience. We will no doubt better remember the lessons we learn when we enjoy the rewards or suffer the consequences ourselves. Moreover, we can often develop other skills through personal experience and can learn from our mistakes.
Finally, no two people are exactly alike. Therefore, what family and friends think may be suitable for them, but not appropriate for us.
Given a choice between these two ways of learning about life, I would still choose the former, learning through the advice of others. This is because I believe I should take advantage of all the resources available, and the experiences of my family and friends are a valuable resource. For example, if I were preparing to take my first trip abroad on my own, the advice of others who have already experienced such a trip could only help me. Just as we can learn from history, we can learn from the past actions of those close to us.
In conclusion, I find advantages in both ways of learning. Although I prefer to learn by listening to the advice of others, that does not mean I will forgo learning through my own experiences. It does mean, however, that I will approach new experiences with the added benefit of my family and friends’ good advice.
参考译文：
学习人生
在成长过程中，我们会学到生活中的许多事情。其中有些教训很简单，而有些却很困难。什么是获取教训最好的方法？有些人认为，他们可以通过听取别人的建议而获得最好的学习效果，而有些人却认为最好是通过亲身体验来学习。这两种方法各有优点。
第一种方法是听取别人的建议而学习，因为我们可以从别人所犯过的错误中学习，避免再犯相同的错误。我们还可以利用家人和朋友的经验或智慧来帮助我们做出更好的决定，避免犯下代价高昂的错误。此外，因为他们了解我们，知道我们的优缺点，所以能提供有用的建议。 同时，他们对于事情的看法有时比我们客观。
第二种方法是从做中学，这样我们可以因为得到宝贵的经验而获益。毫无疑问，当我们因为自己所做的事情而享受成果或承担后果时，我们会对这些教训记忆得更加深刻。此外，通过亲身体验，可以培养其他的技巧，而且也能从错误中学习。最后，没有两个人是完全相同的，因此，家人或朋友的想法也许只适合他们自己，不见得适合我们。
若要我从这两种学习人生的方法中选一个，我仍然会选择前者，也就是从别人的建议中学习。因为我认为，应该利用所有可获得的资源，而家人与朋友的经验就是宝贵的资源。例如，如果我初次要准备自己出国旅行，那么有类似出国旅行经验的人所提供的建议对我就很有帮助。正如我们能从历史中学习一样，我们也能从周围的人的经验中学习。
总之，我认为这两种学习方法各有优点。尽管我比较喜欢听取别人的建议，但这不表示我就不会亲身去体验。然而，这确实意味着我除了会体验新的经验，同时还要听取家人与朋友提供的忠告，这样才能获得更大的益处。

3. Keeping Customs
When people move to another country, they not only face a different environment and language, but also different customs. Every culture has its own customs, and all of them aver valuable. However, deciding how to deal with the problem of unfamiliar customs is a challenge for many immigrants. Some choose to follow the customs of their new country, while others prefer to adhere to their own customs. Each of these choices has some advantages as explained below.
When people choose to follow the customs of their adopted country, they may find that it helps them to adapt more quickly to the new society. They have something to discuss and share with their new neighbors, and sharing customs is one way for people to feel closer to one another. Thus, following the new customs may help immigrants feel more at home. It may also help them to see the positive things in their new environment and do forget their feelings of homesickness.
On the other hand, those who choose to continue following their own customs may also find that it helps them feel more at home. There are many things to adjust to in another country, and following their traditional customs may help people feel more secure in the new surroundings. More importantly, our customs are a part of us. They are an expression of the culture that has shaped us. This is something that most of us would like to pass down to our children and share with others. Sharing our old customs can also bring us closer to our new neighbors.
To sum up, our customs have value and are an important part of our culture. Therefore, I don’t believe that we should abandon our traditional customs when we move to another country. At the same time, I believe that we should learn about the customs of our new home and follow those that appeal to us. In this way, we can remember and celebrate our old culture while adapting to our new one.
参考译文：
保存习俗
当人们搬到另一个国家后，不仅要面对不同的环境和语言，还要面对不同的风俗习惯。每种文化都有其风俗习惯，而且都非常重要。然而，如何应付因不熟悉习俗所产生的问题，对许多移民而言都是一项挑战。有些人选择遵从新国家的风俗习惯，有些人则宁可坚守自己国家的风俗习惯。如以下所解释的，这两种选择都有一些优点。
当人们选择遵从他们移入国家的风俗习惯时，他们可能会觉得这样有助于更快地适应新的社会。和新邻居有话题和聊，有东西可以分享，而且拥有相同的风俗习惯，有助于使移民感到更舒服自在，也会帮助他们看到新环境的优点，忘掉思乡的情绪。
另一方面，那些选择坚持自己本国风俗习惯的人是因为觉得这样做有助于让他们觉得更自在。要适应另一个国家，有很多事要做，而遵从传统的风俗习惯会让人在陌生的环境中觉得较有安全感。更重要的是，风俗习惯是我们的一部分，能表达出塑造我们的文化原貌，这是我们大多数人都想传承给自己的小孩并和他人分享的东西。和新邻居分享我们的传统习俗也可以使我们和新邻居更亲近。
总之，风俗习惯有其价值，并且是我们文化中很重要的一部分。因此，我不认为当我们搬到新的国家时就应该抛弃传统习俗。同时，我认为我们应该学习新家园的风俗习惯，遵从其中那些我们所喜爱的。如此一来，我们一方面能够适应新的文化，同时也能保持并颂扬自己旧有的文化。

4. Planning Activities
In this busy society, our free time is very valuable to us. It is important that we take some time to relax and renew our energy in order to face the challenges ahead of us. Different people like to spend their leisure time in different ways. Some like to plan their activities so that they can make the most of the time available while others prefer not to plan anything. Both schools of thought have their advantages.
When people carefully plan their leisure time, they will not waste any time on decision making or last-minute preparations. This saves them time and, therefore, makes them feel that they have more free time to enjoy. Planning ahead also allows people to take advantage of the opportunity to participate in certain restricted activities. For example, by planning ahead, they can buy tickets for a concert or play that may later be sold out. Finally, being better prepared for an activity not only saves time but can make the outing more fun and more meaningful. It is not much fun to make a spontaneous trip to the beach only to find you have left your swimsuit at home.
However, unplanned leisure time also has its advantages. With no commitment to take part in a certain activity or meet a friend at a certain hour, the non-planner can take advantage of last minute changes and opportunities. Furthermore, he will not be disappointed should his plans fall through, because he has made none. On the other hand, if someone has looked forward to a baseball game all week, it is very disappointing if it is cancelled due to rain. Last but not least, unplanned leisure time can be more relaxing. During the work week, we must all be punctual and face deadlines. Some people prefer to make their free time as different from that as possible.
Although both planned and unplanned leisure time have their benefits, I still prefer to plan my free time activities. My free time is limited, and so I want to make the best use of it. By planning ahead, I can take part in the activities that I want and spend time with the people I want to see. And in case my plans should be changed by unforeseen circumstances, I can always go to Plan B.
参考译文：
规划活动
在这个忙碌的社会中，空闲时间对我们而言是非常珍贵的。找个时间放松一下并且恢复精力以面对接踵而来的挑战是很重要的。每个人喜欢的休闲方式各不相同。有些人喜欢规划活动以充分利用休闲时间，而有些人却宁愿不做任何规划。这两种想法都各有优点。
当人们仔细规划休闲时间后，就不会浪费时间做决定，或是最后才匆促地准备。这样做能节省时间，因此会让他们觉得可以享有更多的空闲时间。事先规划也让人们可以利用机会去参加某些受限制的活动。例如，假如事先有规划，就可买到晚一点就买不到的音乐会或戏剧演出的门票。最后，为活动做好准备不仅可以节省时间，还能让旅游更添乐趣和意义。当你一时兴起去海边玩，而到达之后才发现泳衣放在家里时，可能就太扫兴了。
然而，对休闲时间不作任何规划也有好处。因为不用参加特定的活动，也没有和朋友相约在某个时间见面，所以不作规划的人就能在最后一刻改变主意并利用机会。而且，假使有人一整个礼拜都在期待能去看棒球比赛，若球赛因雨取消，这实在是一件非常令人失望的事。最后一项要点是，不做计划的休闲时间能使人更加放松。在工作日，我们必须都很准时，且要面临最后期限的压力。有些人希望空闲时间能尽可能和工作时有所不同。
虽然规划或不规划休闲时间都各有好处，但我还是比较喜欢规划我的休闲活动。我的空闲时间有限，因此要尽量善加利用。事先做好规划，我就能参加想要参加的活动，见我想要见的人。而且假如计划因非预期的情况而有所改变时，我还可以采用另一个替代方案。

5. Learning by Doing
Learning is an essential part of growing, and there are many ways in which we can learn. We can learn from our parents, from our teachers in school and from our friends. In addition to learning by listening to others, we can also learn by reading or by doing things for ourselves. All of these learning methods have their advantages, but the one that is most effective for me is to learn by doing.
One reason I prefer to learn by doing things is because I believe that experience is the best teacher. Knowledge that I gain through experience is the knowledge that I remember best. A second reason is that practical knowledge is often more useful than theoretical knowledge when dealing with problems in everyday life. Third, I can learn from the process itself. Even when I make mistakes, I can learn something from them. Finally, learning by doing allows me to make my own discoveries and, in this way, I not only have a more meaningful learning experience, but often learn things I never expected.
In conclusion, learning through experience is the best method for me because I can acquire practical knowledge and remember my lessons well. In addition, the knowledge I gain is not only meaningful, but also wider than that I can get from other learning methods. Therefore, I will continue to try to learn as much as possible by doing things myself.
参考译文：
从做中学
学习是成长中非常重要的一部分，而学习的方法有很多。我们可以向父母、学校的老师和我们的朋友学习。除了让别人来教导我们之外，我们还能看书，或边做边学。这些学习方法都有优点，但对我而言，最有效的方法是从做中学。
我比较喜欢从做中学的其中一个理由是，我认为经验是最好的老师，从经验中所学到的知识，我记得最牢。第二个理由是，在日常生活中处理问题时，实际的知识比理论更有用。第三，我还能从过程中学习，即使犯错，我还是可以学到一些东西。最后，从做中学能让我自己发现新的事物。如此一来，我不仅能拥有更具意义的学习经验，而且还能学到一些意想不到的东西。
总之，从经验中学习对我而言是最适合的。因为我能获得实用的知识，而且会牢记所学到的教训。此外，我所获得的知识不仅有意义，而且其范围比我用其他方法所学到的还广泛。因此，我会尽可能地从做中学。

6. The Influence of Clothes
Most people wear different types of clothing for different occasions. They may wear a uniform to school or work, a formal suit to a party, and sportswear on the weekends. Does what people wear affect their behavior? I believe it does, as can be illustrated by the following examples.
First of all, more formal clothing reminds us that we must behave in a polite and formal way. When we wear a business suit, we may think about our actions more seriously. We not only command more respect, but also give it. The example of “casual Fridays” at many companies shows us that more informal clothing can make us behave more informally as well. This practice encourages employees to relax at the office and express themselves more. In addition, when we attend a formal social occasion, such as a wedding, our special clothing makes the event seem more special. We are certain to behave in a more polite manner. Finally, wearing a costume allows us to behave in a completely different manner. We may take on the persona of the character we are dressed as, or just let ourselves go while we are “someone else”.
Given the above examples, I think it is clear that our clothing influences the way that we behave. This may be because of the way we feel in the clothing itself, or because of the way our clothing leads others to treat us. Whatever the reason, there is no doubt that we feel more comfortable when appropriately dressed for the occasion.
参考译文：
服装的影响力
大部分的人在不同的场合会穿不同类型的衣服。他们可能会穿着制服去上学或上班，穿着正式的套装去参加宴会，周末时则穿运动服。穿着会影响人的行为吗？我想会的，下列的例子就可说明这一点。
首先，较正式的服装提醒我们行为举止必须合乎礼仪。当我们穿着西装上班时，我们可能会更谨慎思考自己的行为。我们不但能赢得别人的尊敬，也尊重别人。很多公司“星期五穿休闲服”的做法表明，不正式的服装会让我们的行为变得不正式。这样的做法能鼓励员工在办公室内放轻松，更能表现出自我的风格。此外，当我们参加正式的社交场合，比如婚礼时，我们特别的服装能让婚礼显得更特别，我们的行为举止也一定会表现得更有礼貌。最后，服装穿着会让我们的行为举止完全不一样。我们可能会表现出符合我们穿着打扮的角色的个性，或是通过扮演“别人”来释放自己。
基于上面的这些例子，我认为，穿着会影响我们的行为，这是显而易见的。这可能是因为穿着本身带给我们的感受，或是因为我们的穿着会引导别人如何对待我们。不论理由为何，穿着适合某种场合的服装无疑会让我们觉得比较舒服自在。

7. Quick Decisions
Everyone must make many decisions every day of his life. They range from the trivial — tea or coffee for breakfast — to issues of life-changing importance, such as who to marry. Some people make decisions quickly, while others take as much time as possible to consider all their options. They tend to think that quick decisions are always wrong, but I disagree with this opinion.
As a matter of fact, quick decisions are sometimes the best ones. When faced with a difficult choice, it is often our first instinct that is the best. This is why people are sometimes told to “go with your gut”. Moreover, when we think too long about a decision we may become confused. And if we worry too much we may become so anxious that we are unable to make any decision at all. Last but not least, some decisions are simply too trivial to spend any time worrying about. When the consequences of making the “wrong” decision are slight, whether our decision is right or wrong is irrelevant.
For all of these reasons, I cannot agree with the statement that quick decisions are always wrong. Long consideration does not guarantee that the choice we make will be the right one, and sometimes too much deliberation can even lead us astray. Therefore, I believe it is all right to make a quick decision now and then, for it cannot always be wrong.
参考译文：
仓促的决定
每个人在一生当中，每天都要做很多决定。这些决定包括从一些琐事——如早餐要喝茶还是咖啡——到可以改变一生的重要问题，例如和谁结婚。有些人匆匆做决定，而有些人则尽可能多花时间考虑他们所有的选择。这些人认为，仓促决定一定出错，