四级基础精讲班-词汇.doc

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大学词汇常用的前缀和后缀
61

1. 常用前缀
aero-: concerning the air of aircraft
plane---aeroplane
space---aerospace

anti-: against: opposite of
nuclear---antinuclear
matter---antimatter
war---antimatter

auto-: of or by oneself
biography---autobiography
criticism---autocriticism

be-: to treat as the stated thing
friend---befriend
little---belittle

bi-: two; twice; double
lingual---bilingual
cycle---bicycle

bio-: concerning living things
chemistry---biochemistry
sphere---biosphere

by-, bye-: less important
produce---by-produce
way---byway

centi-: hundredth part
grade---centigrade
meter---centimeter

co-: together, with
author---coauthor
exist---coexist

col-: (used before l) together, with
location---collocation

com-(used before b, m, p) together, with
passion---compassion

con-: together, with
centric---concentric
federation---confederation

contra-: opposite
diction---contradiction
natural---contranatural

cor-: (used before r) together, with
relate---correlate
respond---correspond

counter-: opposite
act---counteract
attack---counterattack

cross-: across; going between the stated things and joining them
country---crosscountry
breed---crossbreed

de-:showing an opposite;to remove;to reduce
code---decode
value---devalue

dis-: not; the opposite of
advantage---disadvantage
agree---disagree
honest---dishonest

em-:(used before b, m, p ) to cause to became
body---embody
power---empower

en-: to cause to become; to make
danger---endanger
large---enlarge
ex-: former (and still living )
minister---ex-minister
wife---ex-wife
extra-: outside; beyond
curricular---extracurricular
ordinary---extraordinary

fore-: in advance,before; in or an the front
arm---forearm
warn---forewarn

il-: (used before l ) not
legal---illegal
literate---illiterate

im-: (used before b, m, p ) not
moral---immoral
possible---impossible

in-: not
direct---indirect
sensitive---insensitive

infra-: below in a range; beyond
red---infrared
structure---infrastructure

inter-: between; among
change---interchange
national---international

intra-: inside, within; into
city---intracity
department---intra-department

ir-: (used before r ) not
regular---irregular
responsible---irresponsible

kilo-: thousand
gram---kilogram
meter---kilometer

macro-: large,esp.concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of
economics---macroeconomics
structure---macrostructure
mal-: bad or badly
function---malfunction
treat---maltreat

micro-: extremely small
computer---microcomputer
electronics---microelectronics

mid-: middle
day---midday
night---midnight

mini-: small; short
bus---minibus
skirt---miniskirt

mis-: bad or badly ; wrong or wrongly
fortune---misfortune
understand---misunderstand

mono-: one; single
plane---monoplane
tone---monotone

multi-: more than one; many
purpose---multipurpose
national---multinational

non-: not
resident---non(-)resident
sense---nonsense

out-: outside; beyond
live---outlive
door---outdoor

over-: too much; above; additional
head---overhead
time---overtime

poly-: many
centric---polycentric
syllabic---polysyllabic

post-: later than; after
graduate---postgraduate
war---postwar

pre-:before; in advance
pay---prepay
war---prewar

pro-: in favor of, supporting
America---pro-America
abortion---pro-abortion

pseudo-: not real; false
name---pseudonym
science---pseudosicience

re-: again; back to the former state
untie---reunite
use---reuse

self-: by means of oneself or inself; of, to, with, for, or in
oneself or itself
employed---self-employed
taught---self-taught

semi-: half; partly
circle---semicircle
final---semifinal

step-: not by birth but through a parent who has remarried
mother---stepmother
children---stepchildren

sub-: under, below; less important; part of the stated bigger
whole
divide---subdivide
section---subsection

super-: more, larger, greader than usual
market---supermarker
natural---supernatural
tele-: at or over a long distance; by or for television
communication---telecommunication
screen---telescreen

therm(o)-: concerning heat
chemistry---thermochemistry
meter----thermometer

trans-: across, on or to the other side of; between
Atlantic---transatlantic
plant---transplant

tri-: three; three times
angular---triangular
cycle---tricycle

ultra-: beyond; very, extremely
modern---ultramodern
sound---ultrasound

un-: not
certain---uncertain
fortunate---unfortunate

under-: too little; below
develop---underdevelop
sea---undersra

uni-: one, singer
form---uniform
directional---unidirectional

cice-: next in the rank; below
chairman---vice-chairman
president---vice-president

2. 常用后缀
（1）名词后缀
-ability, -ibility
able---ability
flexible---flexibility

-age
post---postage
short---shortage

-al
arrive---arrival
refuse---refusal

-an, -ian, -arian
library---librarian
music---musician

-ance, -ence
appear---appearance
refer---reference

-ancy, -ency
emerge---emergency
expect---expectancy

-arit, -ent
apply---applicant
correspond---correspindent

-cy
accurate---accuratcy
private---privacy

-dom
king---kingdom
free---freedom
-ee
employ---employee
interview---interviewee

-er, -or, -ar
paint---painter
beg---beggar

-cry
brave---bravery
slave---slavery

-ese
China---Chinaese
Japan---Japanese

-ess
actor---actoress
waiter---waiteress

-ful
hand---handful
spoon---spoonful

-hood
child---childhood
man---manhood
-ics
electron---electronics
linguist---linguistics

-ion, -ition, -ation
collect---collection
observe---observation

-ism
Marx---Marxism
socialist---socialism

-ist
psychiatry---psychiatrist
violin---violinist

-ity, -ty
cruel---cruelty
pure---purity

-ment
move---movement
retire---retirement

-ness
dark---darkness
happy---happiness

-ology
climate---climatology
future---futureology

-ship
friend---friendship
scholar---scholarship

-sion, -ssion
decide---decision
expand---expansion

-th
grow---growth
wide---width

-ure
close---closure
expose---exposure

（2）动词前缀
-en
deep---deepen
fast---fasten

-ify
class---classify
simple---simplify

-ize, -ise
modern---modernize/modernise
popular---popularize/popularize

（3）形容词后缀
-able, -ible
suit---suitable
question---questionable

-al
nature---natural
structure---structural

-an, -arian, -ian
suburb---suburban
Canada---Canadian

-ant, -ent
differ---different
please---pleasant

-ary, -ory
advise---advisory
custom---customary

-ate
consider---considerate
fortune---fortunate

-en
gold---golden
wood---wooden

-ese
China---Chinese
Japan---Japanese

-free
care—carefree
duty---duty-free

-ful
care---careful
pain---painful

-ic, -ical
atom---atomic
psychology---psychological

-ish
girl---girlish
child---childish

-ive
create---creative
support---supportive

-less
hope---hopeless
pain---painless

-like
child---childlike
lady---ladylike

-ly
man---manly
month---monthly

-ous, -ious
danger---dangerous
poison---poisonous

-some
tire---tiresome
trouble---troublesome

-ward
down---downward
up---upward

-y
guilt---guilty
noise---noisy

（4）副词后缀
-ly
easy---easily
heavy---heavily

-ward, -wards
east---eastward(s)
north---nortward(s)

-wise
clock---clockwise
other---otherwise

四级高频前缀 （prefix）
1. inter=between, among 变化型：enter-, intel-
如：interfere, interval, interview, entertain
2. en=in, into, on, at, near进入某种状态，使～，使成为～ 变化型：em-
如：enable, enclose, encourage, engage, enlarge
3. dis=apart, away, not 表出去，剥夺，反对及加强语气作用。变化型：de-, des-,di-, s-
如：distinguish, dispute, dismiss, dispel, discard, disturb
4. re=again, back, against 变化型：red-, ren-
如：remind, reflect, refine, resolve, reaction, resist
5. com=together, with, wholly 变化型：co-, col-, comb-, con-, cor-, cor-, coun-
如：combine, comfort, coexist, collect, correct, conclude, counsel, council
6. pre=before
如：preside, precede, prevail, prelude
7. per=through, thoroughly, away 变化型：par-, pel-, pil-
如：perfect, persist, permit, perform, perspective, persuade, pardon
8. pro=for, before, forth, forward向前，赞成。变化型：pur, pr-(pro-的变体)
如：profound, proceed, purpose, prominent
9. ex=out of, fully 变化型：a-, e-, ec-, ef-, es-, iss-, s-
如：exhibit, sample, elect, escape
10. trans-beyond, across, over 变化型：tran-, tra-, tres-
如: transfer, transform, transmit, transport, transparent
11. fore=before
如：forearm, forefather, foresee, foretell, foreword, forecast
12. tele=far off
如：telegram, telephone, television, telescope
13. un=not 在名词，形容词，副词前，表示“否定”
如：unable, undo, unlike, unlikely
14. sub=under
如：substitute, submerge, succeed
15. mono-=single, sole, alone 变化型：mon-
如：monologue, monopoly, monotony, monarch, monk
16. op, ob=near; against
如：oppose, obvious, obtain, opportunity, observe, object
17. uni=one
如：unique, uniform, universe, unity
18. counter=against 变化型：contra, anti
如：counteract, counterpart, encounter, contrary

四级高频后缀（Suffix）
1. 常用名词后缀列表
后缀
中英文释义
例词
-acy
state or quality of
状态或性质
privacy隐私
accuracy精确
-age
acton or state of
行动或状态
shortage短缺
advantage优势
-al
relating to
关于～，与～相关
refusal拒绝
arrival到达
-an, -ian
one who
～的人
guardian监护人
American美国人
-ance, -ence
state of quality of
状态或性质
independence独立
performance表演
-ant, -ent
one who
～的人
dependant侍从
resident居民
-ary
place for, dealing with
～的地点，用于～
library图书古纳
dictionary字典
-dom
place, condition
地点，状态
kingdom王国
freedom自由
-ee
one who receives an action
动作的承受者
employee雇员
trainee受训员
-er, -ar, -or
one who or a thing that
～的人或工具
farmer农夫
beggar乞丐
cooker厨具
tractor拖拉机
actor演员
-ese, -er, -ian
inhabitant of
～的居民
Chinese中国人
southerner南方人
Canadian加拿大人
-ess
one who, female
～的人，女性
actress女演员
hostess女主人
-hood
state or condition of
状态或条件
childhood童年
boyhood少年时代
-ing
a noun
名词
feeling感觉，感情
building建筑
-ion, -tion
state or quality of
状态或性质
union联盟
pronunciation发音
-sion
state or quality of
状态或性质
decision决定
revision修改，校订
-ism
state or quality of
状态或性质
realism现实主义
capitalism资本主义
-ist, -tist
one who
～的人
realist现实主义者
scientist科学家
-ity, -ty
state or quality of
状态或性质
reality现实
specialty特产，专业
-ment
state or quality of
状态或性质
government政府
movement运动
-ness
state or quality of
状态或性质
attractiveness魅力
illness疾病
-ship
state or quality of
状态或性质
friendship友谊
sponsorship赞助
-th
state or quality of
状态或性质
truth真理
warmth温暖
-ure
state or quality of
状态或性质
failure失败
pleasure快乐
2. 常用形容词后缀列表
后缀
中英文释义
例词
-able, -ible
able to be
能～的
suitable 合适的
responsible 负责任的
-al
relating to
与～有关的
national 民族的
original 原来的
-ant, -ent
having the nature of
具有～性质的
dominant 支配的
independent 独立的
-ar,-ic,-ish
having the nature of
具有～性质的
familiar 熟悉的
historic 历史上著名的
boyish 孩子气的
-en
state or quality of
有～的状态或质地的
golden 金子的
broken 打碎了的
-fic
having the nature of
具有～性质的
specific 明确的
scientific 科学的
-ful
full of
充满～的
careful 小心的
helpful 有帮助的
-ive, -ative
having the nature of
具有～性质的
attractive 有魅力的
talkative 健谈的
-less
without, free of
无～的，缺乏～的
careless 粗心的
homeless 无家可归的
-ous
having the nature of
具有～性质的
famous 著名的
hazardous 危险的
-tious, -cious
having the nature of
具有～性质的
ambitious 有野心的
suspicious 怀疑的
-ious
having the nature of
具有～性质的
anxious 焦急的
furious 狂怒的
-some
having the nature of
具有～性质的
troublesome 麻烦的
quarrelsome 好争吵的
-ward
direction
朝向～的
upward 向上
southward 向南

3. 常用动词后缀列表
后缀
中英文释义
例词
-ate
-to make, to cause
使～，造成
activate 刺激
animate 鼓舞
-en
to make or to cause to do
使～，造成
soften 软化
deepen 加深
-fy, -ify
to make or to cause to do
使～，造成
beautify 美化
simplify 简化
-ize, -ise
to make, act like
使～，像～一样活动
modernize使现代化
advertise 做广告
4. 常用副词后缀列表
后缀
中英文释义
例词
－ly
in a certain manner
以某种方式
quickly 迅速地
skillfully 熟练地
-ward
direction
方向
forward 向前
inward 内向

大学四级高频熟词僻义

单词

熟义
僻义

act

v.行动，举止，表演，见效
n.行为
n.法令，一幕
address

n.地址
vt.（在信封或包裹上）写姓名地址
n.演说，谈吐
vt.对。。。发表演说，称呼，对付
advance

v.提前，提出建议等
adj.预先的，先行的
n.进展
v.前进，提高，上涨，预先发放
n.预付款等
age

n.年龄，时代
n.老年，[常pl.]很长的一段时间
v.(使)变老，(使)成熟
aim

n.目标，目的
n.&vi.瞄准，针对，致力于
air

n.空气，空中
n.样子，外观
vt.晾干，使通风，使公开
appear

vi.出现，来到，产生
vi.似乎，发表
arm

n.臂，臂状物，[pl.]武器
vt.以（武器）装备，提供
article

n.文章，物品，冠词
n.条款
atom

n.原子
n.微粒，微量
attend

v.出席，专心，致力于
v.照顾，护理

bad

adj.坏的，恶的
adj.严重的
badly

adv.坏，差
adv.严重地
bar

n.酒吧间，条，杆，栅
vt.闩（门窗等），阻拦，封锁
battle

n.战役，斗争
vi.作战
bear

vt.容忍，负担，生育，运输
n.熊，粗鲁的人
vt.写有，刻有，印有
n.（证券交易中）卖空者
belt

n.带，腰带，皮带
n.区，地带
block

n.大块（木料，冰等），阻碍（物）
vt.堵塞，拦阻
n.街区，大楼
blue

adj.蓝色的
n.蓝色
Adj.忧郁的，下流的
body

n.身体，主体，物体
n.尸体，一群
book

n.书，书籍
Vt.预订
boss

n.老板，上司
Vt.指挥
bother

v.烦扰，迷惑，尽力，担心
n.麻烦，焦急，令人烦恼的人（或事务）
bow

n.弓，鞠躬
v.压弯，鞠躬
n.蝴蝶结
v.低下（头）
box

n.箱，盒，包厢
Vt.把。。。装箱
v.拳击，打拳
branch

n.树枝
n.分部，分科
bridge

n.桥，桥梁
n.桥牌
vt.架桥于，把。。。连接起来
botton

n.扣子，按钮
Vt.扣紧

can

Aux.&v.能，会，可能
n.罐头，容器
capital

n.首都
n.资金，大写字母
adj.大写的，可处死刑的
catch

Vt.捉住，赶上，偶然撞见，染上，吸引
Vt.领会
celebrate

v.庆祝，过节
Vt.歌颂
cell

n.细胞，小房间
n.电池，基层组织
chair

n.椅子
主席，主席的席位
change

n.&v.改变，变化
n.零钱
cheap

Adj.廉价的，劣质的
Adj.卑鄙的
china

n.中国
n.瓷器，瓷料
class

n.班，班级，课，种类
n.阶级，等级
coat

n.外套，上衣
n.表皮
code

n.密码，代码
n.准则，法典
vt.把。。。编码
coin

n.硬币
vt.铸造（硬币）
Vt.创造（新词）
collect

v.收集，收款，领取，积聚
Adv.&adj.（打电话）由对方付费（的）
company

n.公司，商号，同伴
n.一群，连队
composition

n.作品，写作，创作
n.构成
concert

n.音乐会，演奏会
n.一致
content

n.&[pl.]内容，目录，所含之物
Vt.使满足
Adj.满意的，满足的
correct

Adj.正确的
Vt.纠正
course

n.课程，过程，行动方针，路线
n.(一)道（菜）
crop

n.农作物，庄稼，收成
n.一批
vt.剪短，修剪
custom

n.习惯，风俗
n.&[pl.]海关，关税

daily

每日的
n.日报
deal

Vt.处理
n.交易，协议
Vt.给予，分给
deed

n.行为，功绩
n.契约
degree