虚拟语气所有ppt整理.doc

虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
条件从句中的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况
If I (you,he,she,we,they)+动词过去式

should/would/could/might+(not)+动词原形
（四个有过去式的情态动词）
表示过去情况
If I (you,he,she,we,they)+had+过去分词

should/would/could/might+(not)+have+动词原形
表示将来情况
If I (you,he,she,we,they)+动词过去式
If I (you,he,she,we,they)+should+动词原形
If I (you,he,she,we,they)+were to+动词原形

should/would/could/might+(not)+动词原形
一、从句省略连词if的虚拟语气
在书面语中使用虚拟语气的条件状语从句中的连词if可以省略，这时要把be动词were或助动词should / had提到从句主语的前面。
1. be 动词were/was提前到从句主语的前面。如：
Were I you, I would take an umbrella with me.
There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be a sudden loud noise如果突然一声巨响，这些动物其有可能会受到惊吓。
2. 动词should/had提前到从句主语的前面。(只有在对过去和将来时才用这两个)如：
Should I have time, I would call her. 我要是有时间就去看她。
Had I known it, I have told you.
Had the damage been worse, the insurance company would have paid more.要是受损更严重些，保险公司会赔得更多
二、混合(时间错综)型虚拟条件句
通常虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词指时间是一致的,但有时也可指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.
If I were you, I would have taken his advice.
If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy.如果你昨天不看的话，今天就不会
三、含蓄虚拟条件句
有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他形式表示,常用的词和短语:without,but for,butthat,otherwise,or,but等.
1)but for, without, under, with 等介词引导的虚拟语气.
Without your help(=If we had not had your help),we could not have succeeded.
But for要不是your help, I should have been drowned. 注意had和have的位置
With better equipment, we could have done it better.
2) otherwise, but, or 引导的虚拟语气.
I should have returned the book last week（主句）, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.
He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.（主句）
3) But that意为”要不是”, 也可用来引导虚拟语气
But that要不是he had no money at the time, he would have come to help us.
4) 分词短语和不定式短语也可引导隐含的虚拟条件句.
You would have laughed to see him jump aside.
5)在某些隐含的虚拟条件简单句中,虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来,谓语动词用should/would be和should/would have been的虚拟形式.
You should have come earlier.
四、虚拟语气与祈使语气的混合使用
在有些情况下,条件句的谓语由should+动词原形构成,这时主句的谓语动词既可以是虚拟语气或陈述语气,也可是祈使语气
If it should rain, the plan will/ would be called off.
Should anyone phone, please tell them I’m busy.
Even if (If) it should get stormy, I will go.
五、在If it were (had been) not for…型中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气也常用于 “If it were (had been) not for…” 句型中,意为”要不然…”
If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.
If it had not been for your help, I would have gone bankrupt.
从句中（should do）句型类
1. 通常用在宾语从句中，“坚决要命”
建议：advise,suggest表明,propose,maintain,recommend推荐,insist主张 （不用）
决定：decide,determine
想要：beg,desire,expect,intend,demand,prefer
要求：ask,require,request,urge
命令：command,order
附加：deserve值得，move动摇，感动，搬，solve，vote，consent同意，赞成
2. 主语从句
It is+形容词+that从句 advisable, adamant坚定不移的，appropriate适当的，better, desirable, essential，imperative必要的,命令的, important，incredible，insistent, keen渴望的，想要的，natural，necessary，obligatory，possible, preferable, probable，strange，urgent，vital，unusual
It is+过去分词+that从句
It is+名词+that从句 坚决要命的名词形式加上duty, pity,no surprise,no wonder, regret,shame
3. 表语从句和同位语从句(与上面的名词对应)
常用名词有: “坚决要命”的名词形式加上resolution(决心,决议) pray，preference，plan，idea，necessity
让步状语从句中的虚拟语气
though, if, even if, even though, whatever, however, granted that等等接代词或副词引导的让步状语从句中可以使用虚拟语气，但是主句一般用直陈语气。
Granted that you had been drunk, there is no excuse for you to do that即使你喝醉了酒，你那样做也不容宽怒。
However dangerous it might be, I would have a try无论这有多危险，我亦要试试。
We won't change our plan if the rumour be true. 就算谣传是真的，我们也不会改变我们的计划。
有时可以省略连接词though 或 whether，将be置与句首，构成倒装语序的让步状语从句。如：
Today the backbone of the key industries of an industrialized country, be the space, computers…今天一个工业化国家的主要工业的关健，不论是空间枝术、计算机……
虚拟语气在其他情况中的应用
1. 在would rather,had rather, would sooner, would just as soon,might as well, would prefer等句型中的虚拟语气. 意为”宁愿,但愿”.其形式为:
对现在的虚拟和对将来的虚拟:
would rather(would sooner)+主语+动词过去式 I’d rather he didn’t go now.
对过去的虚拟:
would rather(would sooner)+主语+had+过去分词 I’d just as soon you had been here yesterday.
注: would rather后也可以直接跟动词原形表示现在或将来的愿望;现在完成式表示过去的愿望.
I’d rather go to have class.
They would rather not have been to the party.
would rather, had rather, would sooner, would as soon。后接省略that的从句，表示“希望”或“但愿”、“情愿”、“宁愿”，从句谓语用过去时。如：
I’d rather you didn’t do anything about it for the time being.我希望你现在对此事不要采取任何行动。
I'd sooner they didn't deliver the new furniture tomorrow. 我宁愿他们明天不把新家具运送过来
注：would rather后面的动作主体不是前面的主语用过去式
。。。。。。。。。。。。。是。。。。。。。。。。。。。原形
2.在It’s (high/about/the) time (that)…句型中的虚拟语气.从句常用过去式,也可用should+动词原形.表示早该做而未做的事情,含建议的意味. 意为 ”该是…的时候了.”
It is the time(that) we went home the好像可以省略
It is high time (that) the weather improved.
It is time (that) the boy (should) go to school.
3.Wish后所跟的宾语从句要求谓语动词用虚拟语气,其主要形式有三种.（与if only完全一样）
对现在的虚拟: wish+主语+动词过去式 I wish I knew what was going to happen.
对过去的虚拟: wish+主语+had+过去分词 She wished she had stayed at home.
对将来的虚拟: wish+主语+would/could/might/should+动词原型 I wish I would be a millionaire.
注:在表示对过去的虚拟时,也可用:
wish+主语+would(could)+have+过去分词：I wish I could have seen her last night.
4. If only 引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气.表愿望.其形式为:
5. 由as if和 as though引起的虚拟语气.其他的与wish和if only一样，只是未来只能用would
She talks as if she knew all about it.
He behaved as if nothing had happened.
She talks about it again and again as though she would never end.
注: 在as if和 as though引导的句中,若主句中的谓语动词为系动词(appear,sound,feel,smell,taste,look),从句则用陈述语气时居多.如: She looks as if she is going to cry
It seems as if we’ll have to walk home.
6. had hoped 后跟虚拟语气表示过去未实现的愿望,意为”想要,希望”.从句中的谓语动词常用: would +动词原形
e.g.We had hoped that you would stay with us for some time.
7．以lest, in case, for fear that (以免) 引导的目的状语从句。
如：You should exercise vigilance lest you should be killed. 你应该提高警惕，以免被杀害。
Take your coat in case it should rain/ it reins带上雨衣，以防下雨。
注：不能用would
8.明显假设
But for/that,on condition that(如果),supposing(假若),provided(倘若),providing,unless,without,whether
9.让步型虚拟语气，把系动词变成原型后再提前
Whether it is good or bad-----Be it good or bad
Whether he is rich or poor----Be he rich or poor