The-Romantic-Period浪漫主义时期.ppt

TheRomanticPeriod浪漫主义时期(1798-1832)theAgeofPoetryvEnglishRomanticism,asahistoricalphaseofliterature,isgenerallysaidtohavebeganin1798withthepublicationofWordsworth&ColeridgesLyrical Ballads&tohaveendedin1832withSirWalterScottsdeath.vTheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry.Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley&KeatsarethemajorRomanticpoets.Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.vTheRomanticperiodisalsoagreatageofprose.ThetwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten&WalterScott.vDifferences between 18 th-century and 19 th-century(between Neoclassicism and Romanticism)reason vs passion reason vs imagination commercial vs natural industrial vs pastoral present vs past society vs individual order and stability vs freedom decorative expression vs simple and spontaneous expression New poetic featuresvlanguage:simple,everyday life speech,common vocabulary and accent dialect e.g.Blake,Wordsworthvform:lyrics(sonnet,ode),narrative(ballad)vpurpose:emotional,confessional and visionary/prophetic vprinciples:imagination vsubject:nature the rural/pastoral the past/historical the alien/exotic,oriental the supernatural/mysterious(dreams or dream-like)the personal the common/low class the revolutionarythe patriotic Schools of Romantic PoetsvPre-romantic poetsWilliam Blake:mysterious,philosophical,visionary Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience Marriage of Heaven and HellRobert Burns:Scottish dialect,balladsvLake Poets:Wordsworth,Coleridge,Southey,2 Poet Laureate:radical youth;conservative old age;long lifeWilliam Wordsworth:nature,country,poor people,anti-industrialization e.g.Lyrical Ballads(Prelude);Nature and country poems Samuel Coleridge:mysterious/demonic,dreamy,oriental,visionarye.g.The Rime of Ancient Mariner and Kubla KhanvSatanic school:rebellious,revolutionary,romantic,short lifeGeorge Gordon Byron:romantic,revolutionary,satiric,proud and angrye.g.Don Duan,Childe Harolds Pilgrimage and Manfred Percy Bysshe Shelley:revolutionary,prophetic,optimistice.g.Prometheus Unbound and Ode to the West Wind John Keats:melancholy,a genius propounding on truth and beautye.g.Ode to the Nightingale,Ode on a Grecian Urn,Ode to Psyche and Ode to Melancholy Prosevfamiliar essays of journals and newspaperse.g.Charles Lamb,Lee Hunt,de Quincey vliterary criticism/reviews as authority Charles Lamb,Lee Hunt,de Quincey vnovelistse.g.Jane Austen,the realist and Walter Scott,the 1 st historical novelist/romantic poet 1.威廉布莱克（WilliamBlake,1757-1827)vVisualImages,vsymbolismv代表作有天真之歌（SongsofInnocence,1789)经验之歌(SongsofExperience,1794)两部诗集vThesearetwocollectionsreflect“twocontrarystatesofhumansoul”.ThepoemscollectedinSong of Innocence expressthepoetsdelightinlife,eveninthefaceofsorrowandsuffering.Theworldisseenthroughtheeyesofachildsimagination.vSong of Innocence expressisacollectionofpoemsandsongsinwhichtheatmosphereisnolongersunnybutsadandgloomy.Evilisfoundeverywhereintheworld.vManhaslosttheHeavenofInnocenceandgainedtheHellofExperience.vForinstance,the“lamb”ofInnocencehasbecomethe“Tiger”ofExperience.vLyric（抒情诗）（fromGreeklyra-“song”）vAsitsGreeknameindicates,alyricwasoriginallyashortpoemwritteninarepeatingstanzaicform,oftendesignedtobesettomusic.Now,itusuallyreferstothepoemthatexpressesaspeakerpersonalthoughts,perceptionsorfeelings.Theelegy,odeandsonnetareallformsofthelyric.2。威廉华兹华斯（WilliamWordsworth)v湖畔派诗人LakePoetsvWilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)vRobertSouthey(骚塞，1774-1843)vSamuelTaylorColeridge（柯勒律治，1772-1834）v湖畔派湖畔派Lake Poetsv 1819世世纪的英国浪漫主的英国浪漫主义诗歌流派。主要成歌流派。主要成员有有华兹华斯、柯斯、柯尔律治和律治和骚塞。由于他塞。由于他们三人曾一三人曾一同同隐居于英国西北部的昆布居于英国西北部的昆布兰湖区，先后在格拉斯湖区，先后在格拉斯米米尔和文德美和文德美尔两个湖畔居住，以两个湖畔居住，以诗赞美湖光山色，美湖光山色，所以有所以有“湖畔派湖畔派诗人人”之称。之称。在在诗歌歌题材上，他材上，他们主主张写下写下层人民的日常生活，人民的日常生活，强调诗人的内心探索和感情的自然流露；在人的内心探索和感情的自然流露；在诗体方体方面，主面，主张发展民展民间诗歌的歌的艺术传统，采用民，采用民间口口语，发挥诗人的想象力。他人的想象力。他们的理的理论和和实践践结束了英国束了英国古典主古典主义诗学的学的统治，治，对英国英国诗歌的改革和歌的改革和发展起展起了很大作用。但是他了很大作用。但是他们否定否定诗歌的社会作用，美化歌的社会作用，美化中世中世纪的田园生活，提倡唯心主的田园生活，提倡唯心主义、唯灵主、唯灵主义、神、神秘主秘主义；把；把“听天由命听天由命”看成是人的看成是人的“天性的永恒天性的永恒部分部分”；拜；拜伦和雪莱和雪莱对此此进行行过激烈的批激烈的批评。v湖畔派湖畔派诗人起初都同情法国革命，随着革命的深入，人起初都同情法国革命，随着革命的深入，由害怕革命而退却，由害怕革命而退却，进而逃避而逃避现实，迷恋，迷恋过去，美去，美化中世化中世纪的宗法制，幻想从古老的封建社会中去的宗法制，幻想从古老的封建社会中去寻找精神的安慰与寄托。当湖畔派找精神的安慰与寄托。当湖畔派诗人的消极人的消极倾向日向日益明益明显的的时候，青年候，青年诗人拜人拜伦、雪莱开始登上文、雪莱开始登上文坛，向湖畔派向湖畔派诗人展开人展开论争。拜争。拜伦在一八在一八O九年完成的九年完成的讽刺刺长诗英格英格兰诗人和人和苏格格兰评论家家中，不中，不仅回答了消极浪漫主回答了消极浪漫主义者操者操纵的刊物的刊物爱丁堡丁堡评论对拜拜伦诗作的攻作的攻击，而且，而且还严厉地地谴责了湖畔派了湖畔派诗人的消极人的消极倾向。由于他向。由于他们敢于向湖畔派敢于向湖畔派诗人作斗争，人作斗争，因而被英国因而被英国绅土土们斥之斥之为撒旦撒旦(恶魔魔)，所以文学史上，所以文学史上称拜称拜伦、雪莱和、雪莱和济慈慈为“撒旦派撒旦派”。v一般一般说，湖畔派，湖畔派诗人代表消极浪漫主人代表消极浪漫主义倾向，撒旦向，撒旦派代表派代表积极浪漫主极浪漫主义精神。精神。虽然湖畔派然湖畔派诗人在与古人在与古典主典主义的斗争中有的斗争中有过贡献，在献，在诗歌的歌的艺术上有上有较深深的造的造诣，但其，但其历史地位史地位远不及撒旦派重要。不及撒旦派重要。WilliamWordsworthv代表作序曲（ThePrelude)是集抒情性，哲理性和趣味性一体的自传体长诗v其他作品有：抒情歌谣集，诗集双卷诗(PoemsinTwoVolumes)，关于自然的短诗致杜鹃(TotheCuckoo)我如行云独自游(IWanderedLonelyasaCloud）关于人类生活的短诗露西（LucyPoems）孤独的收割者(TheSolitaryReaper)致高地的姑娘(ToaHighlandGirl)Lucy Poems-“SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWays”她住在人迹罕至的地方v她住在人迹罕至的地方她住在人迹罕至的地方,v圣圣洁的小溪在身的小溪在身边流淌流淌,v没有没有谁把把这少女少女赞颂,v少有人少有人为她挂肚她挂肚牵肠。v v她是紫她是紫罗兰身影半露身影半露,v生苔的墓碑将她遮生苔的墓碑将她遮挡;v美美丽如一如一颗孤星孤星,v在夜空里在夜空里闪闪发亮。亮。v没有没有谁了解她曾活在世上了解她曾活在世上,v少有人知道她何少有人知道她何时夭亡夭亡;v躺在墓中的露西啊躺在墓中的露西啊,v唯有我与唯有我与别人都不一人都不一样。v（国国际关系学院关系学院06考研考研题）vQuestions:v(1)What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?v(2)Are there any images in this poem?Please point them out.v(3)Can the second stanza be omitted?What role does it play in this poem?v(4)Please paraphrase the poem in less than 100 words.v(1)The rhyme scheme is abab,cdcd,efefv(2)Yes,there are images in this poem:“a half hidden violet”and“a star shining in the sky”.v(3)No.the image of the violet shows that she is so modest,shy and unknown that no one will pay attention to her;the image of the star shining in the sky indicates that in her lovers eyes,she is like the single star shining brightly and beautifully in the sky.v(4)She lived in an isolated place beside the springs of Dove,vNobody praised her and few people loved her.vShe is like a violet beside a mossy tone,unnoticed by people.vShe is like a star shinning in the sky,fair and loving in her lovers heart.vWhen she is alive,nobody knows her;thus when she dies,few people feel sad about her.vBut for me it is different to know her death(because I loved her so much and I feel so sad).3.塞泰柯勒律治（SamuelTaylorColeridge)vMajorworks：v古舟子之歌The Rime of the Ancient Mariner克里斯贝尔Christabelv忽必烈汗Kubla Khanv对话诗（conversationalpoems)：v子夜寒霜（FrostatMidnightv沮丧：一段颂歌(Dejection:AnOde)v凡是聆听者都将目睹，凡是聆听者都将目睹，v大家都将高呼：大家都将高呼：“当心！当心！当心！当心！v瞧他飘扬的头发，闪亮的眼睛！瞧他飘扬的头发，闪亮的眼睛！v我们要绕他巡行三圈，我们要绕他巡行三圈，v在神圣的恐惧中闭上双眼，在神圣的恐惧中闭上双眼，v因为他尝过蜜的露水，因为他尝过蜜的露水，v饮过乐园里的乳泉。饮过乐园里的乳泉。”v(1)identify the authorv(2)What is his theory of poems?v(3)What kind of philosophy is behind the italic words“His flashing eyes.milk of paradise”?（北航（北航08考研题）考研题）vAnswer:v(1)Samuel Taylor Coleridgev(2)Coleridge believed in the“feeling heart,”in the spiritual power of the individual imagination,the completeness and harmonious beauty of Gods creation.vthough Coleridge shared with Wordsworth a desire to return poetry to the ordinary,the concrete,and the language of speech,he was also desirous of discovering the spiritual,supernatural and exotic.vColeridge expresses his conception of poetry in terms of a synthesis of imaginative vision and of actual perception,of“outer”and“inner,”or of“object”and“subject.”va poem is a growing unity,the parts related to one another and all comprising a whole.The“end”of poetry is pleasure,not instruction,and yet a poem tells a higher truth.v(3)The poet says that he once saw an Abyssinian maid who played her dulcimer and sang of Mount Abora.The song of the Abyssinian maid can be the poets source of inspiration.If he could receive“her symphony and song”within him,he could rebuild his own dome of pleasure in the air.And all who saw him would cry“Beware of his flashing eyes,his floating hair!”.The listeners would circle him and close their eyes with“holy dread”,knowing that he had tasted honeydew,and“drunk the milk of Paradise”.The poet wants to express that people have certain awe and even fear for nature and enjoys its beauty with utmost piety.v注：注：忽必烈汗忽必烈汗一一诗中既无故事情中既无故事情节，也没有明，也没有明确的主旨，而只是确的主旨，而只是传达了一种幻达了一种幻觉或印象，或印象，虽然以然以忽必烈汗忽必烈汗为题目，但并没有刻意描写或目，但并没有刻意描写或赞颂这位中位中国帝王的国帝王的伟业，而是将，而是将这位位传奇人物当作寄情表意奇人物当作寄情表意的媒介充分的媒介充分发挥诗人的想象力。人的想象力。这里，里，诗人的情感人的情感与豪与豪华的的宫殿、仙女的殿、仙女的爱情、少女的琴声和中国的情、少女的琴声和中国的忽必烈汗交忽必烈汗交织在一起，在一起，创造了一种造了一种优美的旋律和超美的旋律和超凡的意境。初看起来，全凡的意境。初看起来，全诗的确缺乏一种的确缺乏一种逻辑统一一性，但性，但读起来并不感到起来并不感到杂乱无章。倒是乱无章。倒是诗中所迸中所迸发的那种神秘的异国情的那种神秘的异国情调常常常常让读者遐思不已。另外，者遐思不已。另外，这首首诗在叙述方面的确具有独在叙述方面的确具有独创性，开拓了西方性，开拓了西方诗歌的新歌的新视野。野。诗人在叙述人在叙述过程中不断出程中不断出现语义断裂断裂和不和不连贯现象可以使象可以使读者更加关注者更加关注诗歌的形式，充歌的形式，充分分领略其神奇而略其神奇而优美的韵律。今天，美的韵律。今天，该诗与与古舟古舟子咏子咏一一样已成已成为英国文学中的瑰宝。英国文学中的瑰宝。4.乔治戈登拜伦（GeorgeGordonByron)v不，他不是神，他是凡人，比神更可怕更可爱的凡人，他生前在红尘的狂涛中沐浴，洗涤他的遍体的斑点，最后他踏脚在浪花的顶尖，在阳光中呈露他的无瑕的肌肤，他的骄傲，他的力量，他的壮丽，是天上磋奕司与玖必德的忧愁。他是一个美丽的恶魔，一个光荣的叛儿。徐志摩2009.10乔治戈登拜伦（GeorgeGordonByron)v当时对欧洲大陆最有影响的浪漫主义诗人，创造了拜伦式英雄（theByronichero)高傲，反叛又带有贵族血统v代表作唐璜（DonJuan)v长篇叙事诗恰尔德哈罗德游记（ChildHaroldsPilgrimage)第一，二章v诗集东方故事集（OrientedTales),哈罗德游记第三四章，诗剧曼佛雷德（Manfred)该隐(Cain)政治讽刺诗审判的幻景(TheVisionofJudgment)vchief contribution-“Byronic hero”(拜伦式英雄拜伦式英雄)vByronic hero-Byrons poetry is based on his own experience.His hero is known as“Byronic Hero”,a proud,mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.For such a hero,the conflict is usually one of rebellious individual against outworn social systems and conventions.Such a hero appears first in Childe Harolds Pilgrimage,and then further developed in later works such as the Oriented Tales东方故事集东方故事集，Manfred,曼弗雷德曼弗雷德 and Dan Juan in different guises.SheWalksinBeauty,LiketheNightvByronspoem“SheWalksinBeauty”isoneofhisbest-knownpoems.Itisnotnecessarilyalovepoem,butmoreofacelebrationofthewomensbeauty.SheWalksinBeauty,LiketheNightvInJune,1814,severalmonthsbeforehemetandmarriedhisfirstwife,AnnaMilbanke,LordByronattendedapartyatLadySitwells.Whileattheparty,LordByronwasinspiredbythesightofhiscousin,thebeautifulMrs.Wilmot,whowaswearingablackspangledmourningdress.LordByronwasstruckbyhiscousinsdarkhairandfairface,theminglingofvariouslightsandshades.Thisbecametheessenceofhispoemabouther.2009.10She walks in beauty,like the night她走在美底光彩中，像夜晚她走在美底光彩中，像夜晚Of cloudless climes and starry skies;皎洁无云而且繁星满天。皎洁无云而且繁星满天。climate2009.10And all thats best of dark and bright明与暗底最美妙的色泽明与暗底最美妙的色泽Meet in her aspect and her eyes:在她的仪容和秋波里呈现，在她的仪容和秋波里呈现，appearance容颜容颜 2009.10Thus mellowed to that tender light仿佛是晨露映出的阳光，仿佛是晨露映出的阳光，Which heaven to gaudy day denies.但比那光亮柔和而幽暗。但比那光亮柔和而幽暗。became less brightbright2009.10One shade the more,one ray the less,增加或减少一分色泽增加或减少一分色泽Had half impaired the nameless grace就会损害这难言的美，就会损害这难言的美，damagedindescribable beauty增一分则太长,减一分则太短,着粉则太白,施朱则太赤.2009.10Which waves in every raven tress,美波动在她乌黑的发上美波动在她乌黑的发上Or softly lightens oer her face;或者散布淡淡的光辉或者散布淡淡的光辉long,black hair2009.10vWhere thoughts serenely sweet express在那脸庞，恬静的思绪在那脸庞，恬静的思绪vHow pure,how dear their dwelling place.指明它的来处纯洁而珍贵。指明它的来处纯洁而珍贵。peacefully,calmly2009.10And on that cheek,and oer that brow,啊，那额际，那鲜艳的面颊，啊，那额际，那鲜艳的面颊，So soft,so calm,yet eloquent,如此温和，平静，而又脉脉含情，如此温和，平静，而又脉脉含情，2009.10The smiles that win,the tints that glow,那迷人的微笑，那明眸的顾盼，那迷人的微笑，那明眸的顾盼，But tell of days in goodness spent,都在说明一个善良的生命：都在说明一个善良的生命：shade of color2009.10vA mind at peace with all below,她和蔼地对待世间的一切，她和蔼地对待世间的一切，vA heart whose love is innocent!她的心流溢着真纯的爱情！她的心流溢着真纯的爱情！everything in this world5.PercyByssheShelley（雪莱）(1792-1822)If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind?2009.10郭沫若论雪莱v雪莱是我最敬爱的诗人中之一个。他是自然的宠子，泛神宗的信者，革命思想的健儿。他的诗便是他的生命。他的生命便是一首绝妙的好诗。v雪莱的诗心如像一架钢琴，大扣之则大鸣，小扣之则小鸣。他有时雄浑倜傥，突兀排空；他有时幽抑清冲，如泣如诉。他不是只能吹出一种单调的稻草。v雪莱是真正的诗的作者，是一个真正的诗人。雪莱（PercyByssheShelley)v深受自由与激进派思想的影响，诗作中总表现出对自由的渴望和对暴政的憎恶，诗歌语言清新，文化底蕴深，含有丰富的典故，并多使用拟人与暗喻的修辞手法v抒情诗西风颂(OdetotheWestWind)是浪漫主义诗歌的杰出典范。v致英格兰人民（MenofEngland)是雪莱最著名的政治抒情诗v其他作品：v麦布女王(QueenMab:APhilosophicalPoem)诗歌伊斯兰的起义(TheRevoltofIslam)v阿多纳伊斯(Adonais)v十四行诗：英格兰1819(Sonnet:Englandin1819)v云之歌(TheCloud)v致云雀(ToaSkylark),v诗剧解放了的普罗米修斯(PrometheusUnbound),v文学理论著作诗辨(ADefenseofPoetry)v1822年12月雪莱的心脏和骨灰葬于罗马新教徒墓地墓碑上刻有“波西比希雪莱-众心之心（CORCORDIUM）”的字样以及莎士比亚的暴风雨中的三句。他的一切并他的一切并没有消逝没有消逝 只是经历过只是经历过海的变异海的变异 已变得丰富已变得丰富而且神奇而且神奇v西风颂西风颂v(1)Form:vThe poem is divided into 5 parts.Each part consists of four stanzas of terza rima and one couplet lines,rhymed aba bcb cdc ded eev(2)content:the poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth,in the sky and on the sea,and expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind,and his wish to be free like the wind and to scatter his words among mankind.v(3)Theme:vRevolutionary spirit.vWish to destroy the old and build up a new.v(4)In what way is the west wind both a destroyer and a preserver?(南京大学南京大学07)vThe west wind is considered the“destroyer”for driving the last signs of life from the trees;it is considered the“preserver”for scattering the seeds which come to life in the spring.vDefinition:vterza rima(三行体三行体)verse form consisting of stanzas of three lines(tercets);the first and third lines rhyming with one another and the second rhyming with the first and third of the following tercet.6.约翰济慈（JohnKeats）v他的诗歌常带有唯美主义（aestheticism）的色彩。颂诗（odes)是他最重要，最成熟的作品v夜莺颂(OdetoaNightingale)展示了自然之美与人世之痛苦的强烈反差v希腊古瓮颂(OdeonaGrecianUrn)7.简奥斯丁JaneAustenv奥斯丁作品主题是爱情与婚姻v代表作傲慢与偏见(PrideandPrejudice)v其他作品，理智与情感(SenseandSensibility)诺桑觉寺(NorthangerAbbey)曼斯菲尔德庄园(MansfieldPark)爱玛(Emma)劝告（Persuasion)浪漫主义时期：练习v1.“poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings”isputforwardby_.vA.RobertBurnsvB.WilliamBlakevC.WilliamWordsworthvD.CharlesLamb浪漫主义时期：练习v2.WhichofthefollowingcanbesaidtobetypicallyrepresentativeoftheRomanticperiod?_vA.DonJuanvB.UlyssesvC.JaneEyrevD.SonsandLovers浪漫主义时期：练习v3.Thepublicationof_markedthebeginningoftheRomanticAge.A.DonJuanB.LyricalBalladsC.TheRimeoftheAncientMarinerD.QueenMab浪漫主义时期：练习v4.WhichofthefollowingauthorsdonotbelongtotheRomanticAge?A.AlfredTennysonB.WilliamWordsworthC.RobertSoutheyD.WalterScott浪漫主义时期：练习v5.Frankensteinwasfilmedmanytimes.Whowroteit?vA.EdgarAllenPoevB.JamesJoycevC.MaryShelleyvD.BramStoker浪漫主义时期：练习v6.WhichofthefollowingwasnotwrittenbyJohnKeats?vA.OdetotheWestWindvB.OdetoAutumnvC.OdetotheKnightdalevD.OdeonaGrecianUrn