资源描述
Application-oriented College English Course Book 4
Unit Three
A. Objectives of this unit
a. Contents
1. The rise of cyber-bullying: Making the cyberspace safe.
2. Discussion: What’s the most important reason for worsening cyber-bullying in the wake of the development of the Internet?
3. A dialogue: Telephone banking.
4. Online payment solutions: Pros and cons of using online payment systems.
b. Key language points
1. Hyphenated nouns formed with gerunds such as cyber-bullying.
2. Hyphenated adjectives formed with two adverbs such as always-on.
3. The figurative meanings of such idiomatic prepositional phrases as over the edge, in (one’s) infancy, at the heart of, etc.
4. Cyber jargons such as “u”, “ho”, etc.
c. Vocabulary
Basic requirements: 26 new words.
Intermediate requirements: 12 new words.
Advanced requirements: 10 new words.
d. Comprehensive skills
1. Understanding a passage of about 1,230 words at the advanced level.
2. Writing a 180-word summary of the passage.
3. Pattern of organization: chronological order.
4. Internet skills: Surfing the Internet to collect information about online banking safety.
5. Research project: Doing teamwork to have a debate on the pros and cons of online banking.
e. Functions
1. Talking about experiences relating to cyber-bullying.
2. Doing online shopping and online banking.
3. Debating controversial issues relating to the use of cyber bar.
B. Procedures and Methods
Eight teaching periods are needed to cover the present unit, among which four periods are for the module of Language Skills Development, three periods for the module of Language in Use and one mainly for the module of Enhancement of Language Abilities.
I. Part 1 Language Skills Development
1. Period One and Period Two:
l Step One: Starter
A. Read the question and answer in the box and discuss in pairs whether you agree with the explanation, and whether you think there are any other reasons.
B. Listen to a short passage entitled Cyber-bullying Spreads in the US and answer the questions.
Before playing the tape, the instructor can ask the students to take a look at the questions and new words in Mind Map first.
Then the instructor asks the students to listen again and answer the questions.
This step shall take up 10-15 minutes.
l Step Two: New words and expressions
Go over the new words and expressions in the text (referring to Student’s Book Pages 67-70) to prepare students for the text learning.
The time for this step should not exceed 10 minutes.
l Step Three: Text teaching
Start teaching the text: The Rise of Cyber-bullying.
Before delving into the text, the instructor could ask such questions as “What serious effects can cyber-bullying have on people?” “How can we protect ourselves from cyber-bullying?” etc., and then ask those who have had the bad experiences of being subjected to cyber-bulling to relate their experiences bravely.
After that, the text organization chart will be presented so that the students can better understand the text.
Then start the detailed study of the text and go through the text paragraph by paragraph. To help students understand the text, the instructor can explain the language points and ask students to answer the questions related to the text.
This step shall not take up more than one and a half periods.
Notes to Paras. 1-2
1. The Rise of Cyber-bullying (the title) 网霸的兴起
Note the coinage of cyber-bullying. It consists of a noun plus a hyphen plus a gerund and is used as a compound noun. Other examples of hyphenated words in the text are school-yard, UK-based, etc.
bully: vt. 欺负，恐吓
e.g. My son was bullied at school yesterday.
2) 胁迫
e.g. I won’t be bullied into signing anything.
n. [C]仗势欺人者，横行霸道者
e.g. Jim is a bully. He keeps all the younger children under his thumb.
2. Classmates spread rumors via instant messaging that the 13-year-old boy was gay. 他们通过即时信息散布谣言，说这位十三岁的男孩是同性恋。
rumor: n. [C, U] 谣言，传闻
e.g. I heard a rumor that they are getting married.
Rumor has it (= People say) that he was murdered.
Here, via is a preposition meaning “using a particular person, machine, etc. to send something”, or “traveling through a place on the way to another place”.
e.g. You can access our homepage via the Internet.
We flew to Athens via Paris.
instant message: 即时信息
3. A popular female classmate pretended to like him and chatted with him online, only to copy their personal exchanges and share them with her friends. 一位颇具人气的女同学假装喜欢他，并和他在网上聊天，结果却把他们交流的信息复制下来与朋友分享。
The infinitive phrase “only to do sth.” is used to mention sth. that happens immediately afterwards, especially sth. that causes surprise, disappointment, etc.
e.g. She turned up the driveway, only to find her way blocked.
Dick hurried to the airport, only to see his plane taking off.
4. Gail Jones, a 15-year-old from the UK, took her life after receiving, at one point, 20 silent calls on her cell phone every 30 minutes. 英国十五岁的盖尔·琼斯在一度每半小时接到20个无声电话后也自杀了。
at one point: 一度，在某一时刻
“Point” here refers to a particular time or stage of development.
e.g. At one point, I thought he was going to burst into tears.
At this point I don’t care what you decide to do.
5. Her father, Glyn, suspects a final call in the middle of the night pushed her over the edge. 她的父亲格林怀疑半夜的最后一次来电把她推入死亡的深渊。
over the edge: 精神错乱，疯狂
e.g. He had gone right over the edge.
They were pushed over the edge by some kind of carrot-and-stick offer.
Notes to Para. 3
6. These are extreme but far from unique examples of the devastation caused by cyber-bullying. 这是网霸行为带来的灾难中的两个极端个例，但绝非罕见。
devastation: n. [U] 毁坏，破坏，蹂躏
e.g. The country is still feeling the devastation of the war.
7. Since Halligan died in 2003 and Jones in 2000, more and more children are logging on to the Internet…自从2003年哈利根和2000年琼斯自杀以来，上网的孩子越来越多……
log on / in登录
e.g. Please log on with your registered email and password.
He logged on to the website but could only find some useless information.
Notes to Para. 5
8. Research into the causes and effects of cyber-bullying is still in its infancy. 对网霸行为产生的原因及其影响的研究才刚刚起步。
Meaning: Research has been conducted to find out why cyber-bullying takes place and what its consequences are, but it is now still in the early stage of development.
in (one’s) infancy: 1)在初始阶段，在萌芽状态，在初期
e.g. Genetic engineering is still in its infancy.
2) 在幼年
e.g. In the past, many children died in infancy.
Note to Paras. 7-9
9. One reason for this is the sheer number of people who can view something that is posted online. 原因之一是网上信息的受众人数巨大。
sheer: a. 1) 用于强调事物的大小、数量或程度
e.g. The sheer size of the country makes communications difficult.
2) 完全的；纯粹的
e.g. It’s a sheer waste of time to persuade him to give up smoking.
10. Ghyslain Raza, also known as the “Star Wars Kid”, learned this the hard way. 吉斯林·哈扎，即众所周知的“星战小子”，非常痛苦地领教了这一点。
the hard way: 经历痛苦；通过出错
e.g. She won’t listen to my advice so she’ll just have to learn the hard way.
Note that “this” in the sentence refers to the reason discussed in the previous paragraph: the sheer number of people who can view the posted material online can be devastating.
11. In 2002, the somewhat overweight and slightly awkward Canadian adolescent made a video of himself playing with a pretend light sabre and left it lying around at school. 2002年，这个胖乎乎有些笨拙的加拿大少年模仿绝地武士舞动假光剑拍了一段录像，然后将其随手丢在了学校里。
pretend: a. 假装的，想象的
e.g. We sang and danced around a pretend campfire.
It is a pretend meal this evening, with nothing whatsoever on the table.
12. With cyber-bullying it is 24/7, 365 days a year. There is no escape. 而网霸行为却是一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时地存在，无处可逃。
Meaning: Cyber-bullying is always there and we simply cannot get rid of it.
24/7, 365：一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时
Notes to Paras. 10-11
13. The Internet doesn’t just amplify the effect of bullying, however. 但是，互联网不只是增强了欺辱他人的危害。
Meaning: But the Internet does not merely make the harm of cyber-bullying greater. (In other words, the Internet does other bad things.)
amplify: vt. 1) 放大，增强
e.g. We must amplify our effort by working a lot harder.
2) 补充叙述，详述
e.g. Let me amplify my earlier remarks.
14. The many options to remain anonymous when online, by using pseudonyms, say, for instant messaging, mean people can write things they would not dare to if their identity was known. 上网时很多时候可以匿名，比如使用假名发送即时消息，这就意味着人们可以随意写下实名时不敢写的东西。
Note that say is used to suggest that something might happen or be true, or give something as an example.
e.g. If we put out, say, twenty chairs, would that be enough?
15. Anonymity was at the heart of a 2001 incident when a student at an elite high school in New York City set up a Web page that let students vote anonymously on who they felt was their most promiscuous peer. 匿名制也是2001年一次事件的核心因素。纽约市一名精英学校的学生建了一个网页，让学生匿名投票选出他们认为最放荡的同学。
at the heart of: 在……核心，在……中心
e.g. Most notably, capital, or lack of it, is at the heart of the crisis.
elite: a. （只作定语）精英的
e.g. an elite group of artists
n. [C] 精英，尖子
e.g. A government comprised mainly of the elite.
16. “Just enter the name of the person in the interschool who u think is the biggest ho (be them FEMALE or MALE) and write the number of their grade next to their name (maybe even their school),” read the site. 网页上注明：“只需输入你认为最放荡的那个人（男生或女生）的名字，旁边注上年级编号（或校名）。”
Note that “u” is short for “you” and “ho” for “whore”, both are short forms used online.
Notes to Paras. 12-13
17. The psychological ramifications of not knowing who’s attacking you can be maddening. 不知道谁在侵害自己会造成非常严重的心理后果，会使人发疯。
Meaning: Not knowing who’s attacking you can have an effect on your mentality and drive you crazy.
maddening: a. 激怒人的，使人恼火的
e.g. Her changeable mood is maddening.
18. The lack of face-to-face contact might tempt bullies to new levels of cruelty. 缺少面对面的接触可能导致网霸行为更加残酷。
Meaning: Because bullies and victims don’t meet each other in person, this might lead the bullies to behave more cruelly.
tempt: vt. 诱导，引诱
e.g. He was tempted by greed and laziness into a life of crime.
Warm weather tempted us into going for a picnic.
19. “There is a distancing of the self and immediacy in response that we don’t have in any other form of communication,” she says.“我们与真实的自己产生距离感，同时又能迅速做出反应，这是其他交流形式所没有的，”她说。
ontrovert.iabelow: Meaning: Using cyberspace, we may no longer feel like we are in real life, and we can respond to others’ actions immediately, which are different from other means of communication.
Note to Para. 14
20. Led by Ruth Aylett of Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, Schotland, a consortium of European researchers recently developed role-playing software called FearNot!, which gets children to empathize with victims of bullying. 由苏格兰爱丁堡赫瑞瓦特大学的露丝·艾利特领导的欧洲研究人员联盟，最近开发出的“不要怕！”角色扮演软件，可以让孩子体验网霸受害者的感受。
empathize: vi. 有同感，起共鸣，表同情
e.g. My mother died last year, so I can really empathize with him.
Notes to Para. 15
21. In January 2006, the US Congress passed a law making it a federal crime to “annoy, abuse, threaten, or harass” another person over the Internet. 2006年1月，美国国会通过法律，将通过网络“骚扰、辱骂、威胁、侵扰”他人的行为列为联邦犯罪行为。
harass: vt. 不断骚扰
e.g. They complained about being harassed by the beggars.
22. And in South Korea, the “Internet real-name system”, introduced last month, forces online portals and news websites to record the identities of people who post content and to disclose their contact details if someone wants to sue them for libel or infringement of privacy. 韩国已于上月开始实行“互联网实名制”，强制门户网站和新闻网站记录上传人员的身份，并在有人控告他们诽谤或侵犯隐私时提供其相关的详细信息。
libel: n. [U, C] 诽谤；中伤
e.g. He sued them for libel.
该词也可以用作动词。
e.g. The film star claims he has been libeled in the press.
Notes to Paras. 16-17
23. However, it can be difficult to persuade people to take these laws seriously, and in the US they only apply to over-18s. 但是，要说服人们认真对待这些法律还有困难，而且在美国这些法律也仅适用于18岁以上人群。
take…seriously: 认真对待
e.g. As a teacher, it’s important that the kids take you seriously.
It’s only a joke — don’t take it seriously!
24. “They are short-staffed and busy pursuing what they call ‘real crime’.” “他们人员短缺，都忙于处理他们认为的‘真正的犯罪’。”
short-staffed: a. 人员紧缺的，人手短缺的
e.g. We’re very short-staffed and everybody is under the gun in the office.
25. John Halligan, the father of the boy who killed himself after being harassed online, continues to lobby for cyber-bullying legislation that specifically targets children. 约翰·哈利根是那个因遭遇网络诋毁而自杀的男孩的父亲，他继续呼吁为保护孩子而对网霸行为进行立法。
lobby: vi./vt. 游说，呼吁
e.g. Women’s groups are lobbying to get more public money for children.
Farmers will lobby Congress for higher subsidies.
2. Period Three:
l Step One: Post-reading interaction
After the text teaching, the instructor can have the students listen to the recording of the whole text and spend a few minutes discussing how to stop cyber-bullying in China.
Then go on with the interaction activity (if necessary).
This step shall take not more than 15 minutes.
l Step Two: Working with words and phrases
Ask students to do Exercise 4 for the consolidation of text learning. While checking the answers, make explanations where necessary.
This step shall take 15 minutes.
l Step Three: Discussion
Proceed to Exercise 5 to enhance students’ oral English skills. Divide students into groups of 4 to 6 for the discussion task. Some of the answers to the questions in this section are open-ended. And the answers provided are merely for the instructor’s reference. After group discussion, ask 3-5 students to report their answers to the whole class.
This step shall take not more than 15 minutes.
3. Period Four:
l Step One: Practice: interpreting and translation
After a brief revision of the whole text, ask students to do Exercise 6 together with their partner. Do this exercise to improve their interpreting skills as well as strengthen their text learning. Give them a few minutes to interpret the conversation into English before showing them the reference answer to help them improve their interpretation work. If time permits, have a few pairs to role-play the conversation in front of the class.
When doing Part A of Exercise 7, remind them to pay special attention to the italicized parts of the paragraph. As for Part B of Exercise 7, ask them to complete the sentences and then compare their translation with the reference answer to improve their translation skills.
This step shall take not more than 20 minutes.
l Step Two: Practice: writing
When doing part A of Exercises 8, the summary writing may be assigned as homework after going through the outline quickly in class.
When doing Par
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