研究生英语学位课考试词汇与练习.doc

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研究生英语学位课考试丛书
研究生英语学位课考试词汇与练习

李光立 鲁显生主编
编者 郝贵清，王红玉

前 言

北京市研究生英语教学研究会自1988年开始组织北京地区研究生英语学位课统考以来，现已有近20多个省、市和自治区的院校参加了北京地区的统考，还有部分院校的博士生英语学位课考试也采用了此试题。为了帮助广大考生了解北京地区研究生英语学位课统考，提高考试成绩，顺利通过考试，我们特编此书，旨在通过词汇练习提高学生的综合水平。
在读硕士研究生面临一个难题：词汇量虽然不小、但使用效率不高。一方面是受传统英汉字典或语法书的影响，掌握的意义不实用或错误；另一方面是跟不上时代步伐，对词的了解过时，掌握的用法有限，且不会主动使用。词汇量不足的后果是听力理解能力差、阅读理解能力受限、翻译水平低和写作能力欠缺。虽然可通过阅读扩大词汇量，但做词汇练习也是一种有效掌握词汇的方法。
本书的特点是：
1． 通过“地毯”式“扫描”的方法掌握词汇。该书中词汇练习按字母顺序排列，练习几乎涉及《硕士学位研究生英语教学大纲》中所有的词汇。
2． 重点和难点突出。练习不仅对比了形近或意义相近的词，也设法重复出现难学或难记的词，
以加深印象。练习尽量考察某些词汇的多种意义。
3． 结合最新的原文出版物，尽量使读者熟悉词汇新的用法或意义。
4． 附加同义词表和英译汉练习
本书的主编人员为北京市研究生英语教学研究会学位课统考词汇命题和审题的组织者与参加者，他们多是有多年研究生英语教学和测试经验的专家与教授。本书在编写工作中还得到了北京市研究生英语教学研究会常务理事会及参加命题和审题的其他成员的大力支持和帮助，在此向他们表示衷心的感谢。
由于编写人员水平有限，且时间仓促，本书的错误与不足之处在所难免，我们衷心的希望广大师生和其他读者批评指正。
编者

2004年11月

目录
词汇练习1…………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
同义词表1…………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
应掌握的用法1……………………………………………………………………………………… 6
词汇练习2…………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
同义词表2……………………………………………………………………………………………11
应掌握的用法2………………………………………………………………………………………12
词汇练习3……………………………………………………………………………………………14
同义词表3……………………………………………………………………………………………19
应掌握的用法3………………………………………………………………………………………22
词汇练习4……………………………………………………………………………………………26
同义词表4……………………………………………………………………………………………29
应掌握的用法4………………………………………………………………………………………31
词汇练习5……………………………………………………………………………………………33
同义词表5……………………………………………………………………………………………36
应掌握的用法5………………………………………………………………………………………38
词汇练习6……………………………………………………………………………………………39
同义词表6……………………………………………………………………………………………42
应掌握的用法6………………………………………………………………………………………44
词汇练习7……………………………………………………………………………………………45
同义词表7……………………………………………………………………………………………46
应掌握的用法7………………………………………………………………………………………47
词汇练习8……………………………………………………………………………………………48
同义词表8……………………………………………………………………………………………49
应掌握的用法8………………………………………………………………………………………50
词汇练习9……………………………………………………………………………………………51
同义词表9……………………………………………………………………………………………54
应掌握的用法9………………………………………………………………………………………55
词汇练习10………………………………………………………………………………………… 56
同义词表10………………………………………………………………………………………… 62
应掌握的用法10…………………………………………………………………………………… 63
同义词表11………………………………………………………………………………………… 64
应掌握的用法11…………………………………………………………………………………… 66
词汇练习11………………………………………………………………………………………… 67
同义词表12………………………………………………………………………………………… 71
应掌握的用法12…………………………………………………………………………………… 73
词汇练习12………………………………………………………………………………………… 74
应掌握的用法13…………………………………………………………………………………… 79
词汇练习13………………………………………………………………………………………… 81
同义词表13………………………………………………………………………………………… 86
应掌握的用法14…………………………………………………………………………………… 90
词汇练习14………………………………………………………………………………………… 92
同义词表14………………………………………………………………………………………… 105
应掌握的用法15……………………………………………………………………………………108
词汇练习15…………………………………………………………………………………………111
同义词表15…………………………………………………………………………………………116
应掌握的用法16……………………………………………………………………………………117
词汇练习16 ……………………………………………………………………………………… 118
应掌握的用法17……………………………………………………………………………………122
综合练习…………………………………………………………………………………………… 124
练习答案…………………………………………………………………………………………… 140
练习解释…………………………………………………………………………………………… 144

词汇练习1：
1. Because of the harsh punishment, these prisoners of war ______ their attempt to escape.
A. abandoned B. deserted C. discarded D. quit
2. More reforms will be introduced to ______ economic development in this ancient country.
A. illustrate B. illuminate C. liberate D. accelerate
3. There is no ______ authority in scientific studies, each having his own advantages.
A. absolute B. abstract C. abrupt D. abundant
4. High school students in China are judged mainly in terms of ______ performance.
A. accurate B. adequate C. academic D. accidental
5. This old building is to be ______ by a special team to make room for a modern one.
A. abolished B. polished C. accomplished D. demolished
6. Many women took to the street to join the demonstration to make ______ legal.
A. adaptation B. adoption C. abortion D. addiction
7. In the 1970s meat used to be difficult to ______ in China.
A. abide by B. pass by C. go by D. come by
8. In this photo the woman mayor is talking to a passenger ______ a bus.
A. abroad B. aboard C. broad D. board
9. Anyone with the Internet ______ can find out about these universities easily.
A. excess B. access C. process D. entrance
10. Nothing can be more ______ than to say that human beings are doomed.
A. abnormal B. ambiguous C. ambitious D. absurd
11. There is something unusual ______ this girl: she seldom smiles.
A. about B. with C. for D. in
12. To ______ one’s power is to commit a crime and eventually end up in jail.
A. accuse B. abuse C. deduce D. excuse
13. The school is going to take disciplinary ______ against those who smoke at school.
A. steps B. measures C. action D. pace
14. The process of language ______ has been a mystery to linguists and psychologists.
A. innovation B. acquisition C. administration D. institution
15. Thanks to good service and _______, the tourists left the hotel pleased and satisfied.
A. accommodations B. allegations C. attachments D. anticipations
16. It is important that teachers of elementary schools ______ themselves with habits of children
A. accustom B. acquaint C. accompany D. accumulate
17. A number of hypotheses have been raised to ______ the extinction of dinosaurs
A. answer for B. account for C. ask for D. act for
18. Thanks to medical advances, the ______ of some deadly diseases has drastically declined.
A. accident B. incidence C. incident D. accent
19. The word SARS is an abbreviation of the severe ______ respiratory syndrome.
A. advanced B. actual C. adverse D. acute
20. One of the most important periods for human growth is ______.
A. indulgence B. adolescence C. conscience D. consciousness
21. It is very selfish to take ______ of this disaster for personal gains.
A. aggression B. affection C. adventure D. advantage
22. These people have conquered numerous difficulties by ______their beliefs and values.
A. adjusting to B. adhering to C. adapting to D. adding to
23. To ensure the ______ supply of vegetables to cities calls for easy transportation.
A. adequate B. addictive C. approximate D. antique
24. A doctor determines the dose of medicine to be ______ according to the patient’s condition.
A. advocated B. administered C. addressed D. amplified
25. Improved teaching facilities have made easier ______ to college in China.
A. admiration B. advertisement C. admission D. allowance
26. As an aged and weak man, Brown walked with ______ steps while enjoying the sun.
A. authentic B. automatic C. auxiliary D. awkward
27. In 1771, these colonies won ______ and became one country under George Washington.
A. astronomy B. monopoly C. autonomy D. harmony
28. The strong interest in flying led the boy to study ______ at college.
A. auction B. aviation C. audition D. aesthetics
29. Her determination to ______ her goal of life motivated her to greater effort.
A. retain B. attain C. maintain D. entertain
30. International students rarely meet with ______ in this highly democratic country.
A. attempt B. contempt C. temptation D. temper
31. Asian students are likely to show ______ in mathematics when studying in the U.S..
A. superiority B. availability C. accessibility D. authenticity
32. Games such as badminton and basketball often take place inside a(n) ______.
A. auditorium B. gymnasium C. stadium D. symposium
33. The professor was surprised at the full ______ and began his lecture with enthusiasm.
A. audience B. attendance C. presence D. appearance
34. The main point is that a lot of network power, being concentrated and hierarchical, may not have the ______ of the Internet that are distributed and open.
A. assignments B. attributes C. associations D. assumptions
35. Words borrowed from another language can be ______ and accepted.
A. assembled B. simulated C. assaulted D. assimilated
36. The couple was ______ to find their apartment broken into upon their return from the holiday.
A. assured B. astonished C. asserted D. assessed
37. Artistic design involves ______ and accumulation of a wide scope of knowledge.
A. aspiration B. initiation C. inspiration D. conspiracy
38. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at the ______ of their beloved president Abraham Lincoln.
A. assassination B. globalization C. desertification D. presumption
39. The Chinese tent to look at the Japanese attitude from a historical ______.
A. aspect B. perspective C. dimension D. sphere
40. Fixed ______ of the state cannot be transferred to individuals at random.
A. artilleries B. architectures C. archives D. assets
41. The outlaw ______ an air of confidence in spite of his fake ID card.
A. presumed B. consumed C. assumed D. resumed
42. With so many matters to ______, this lady can hardly spare any moment at work.
A. attribute to B. attend to C. apply to D. appeal to
43. Those whose mind has failed have to be taken to a lunatic ______ for treatment.
A. assembly B. artery C. assurance D. asylum
44. Freud became world famous for his studies in ______ following the publication of Interpretations of Dreams.
A. psychology B. archaeology C. ecology D. meteorology
45. Applicants for this job will be given a(n) ______ test to see if they are fit.
A. altitude B. attitude C. latitude D. aptitude
46. The farmers didn’t suffer much loss. ______, five houses were damaged.
A. After all B. Above all C. For all D. In all
47. An artistic housewife will try to ______ her child to make him or her look different.
A. arouse B. arrest C. arrange D. array
48. The emergence of modern electrical ______ has reduced the hours spent on housework.
A. applications B. applicants C. appliances D. applicability
49. Being white, this West Indian has the freedom to take any job that ______ him.
A. appeals to B. takes to C. caters to D. adapts to
50. Any new law is subject to the ______ of the Congress and president before becoming valid.
A. agreement B. approval C. allowance D. appraisal
51. The Chinese are likely to ______ economic reform with Deng Xiaoping.
A. connect B. link C. associate D. contact
52. Grand celebrations will be held to mark the 55th ______ of the founding of PRC.
A. commemoration B. recollection C. memorization D. anniversary
53. The teacher tried to ______ the bored students with jokes, but to little effect.
A. amaze B. amuse C. annoy D. ascertain
54. Long periods of social disturbance almost ______ anarchy.
A. stands at B. takes on C. keeps down D. amounts to
55. New linguistic forms can be created by means of _____, as often happens.
A. analogy B. ammunition C. abundance D. ambulance
56. The uneven ______ of population is reflected in the different density of population.
A. allocation B. promotion C. assignment D. distribution
57. Surgeons often make ______ plans for a major operation in advance.
A. interactive B. alternative C. initiative D. instinctive
58. Towards the end of WWII, German war machines were destroyed by ______ forces.
A. united B. integrated C. merged D. allied
59. The guest called back ______ the hospitality on the part of the host.
A. in line with B. in favor of` C. in case of D. in acknowledgement
of
60. He is said to be a prominent musician and poet, but actually he is ______ an ordinary amateur poet.
A. anything but B. nothing besides C. something of D. far from
61. The ______ manners of these movie stars can never impress reporters favorably.
A. arbitrary B. appalling C. arrogant D. ample

同义词表1：
abandon: give up desert discard throw away quit get rid of
ability: capability capacity gift talent aptitude faculty power
able: capable
abolish: put an end to do away with cancel
abroad: overseas
abrupt: steep sheer
abruptly: suddenly all of a sudden all at once
absence: lack shortage insufficiency deficiency
absorb: take in assimilate be absorbed in: be concentrated on focus on be lost in put one’ mind to
absurd: strange ridiculous far-fetched fantastic
abundant: ample rich sufficient adequate plentiful
abuse: misuse
accelerate: boost speed up quicken stimulate promote
access: entrance admission
accidental: casual unexpected
acclaim: applaud hail welcome
accommodate: adapt reconcile（使…一致或和解）
accompany: couple escort
in accordance with: in line with in agreement with in conformity with
accordingly: correspondingly
account: description narration advantage
account for: make up constitute explain on account of: because of due to thanks to take into account: take into consideration
accurate: precise exact
accuse (of): charge (with) prosecute (for) sue
be accustomed to: be used to be habituated to
achieve: attain reach achievement: success accomplishment feat
acknowledge: admit concede confess recognize express gratitude to
acquaint (with): familiarize (with)
acquire: gain get come by learn
take action: do something take steps take measures
adequate: proper appropriate sufficient
add up to: total come to amount to
address: speak to cope with settle (issues)
adhere to: stick to cling to
adjust: regulate condition
administration: management authority government
adolescent: teenager juvenile
adopt: take use employ
advanced: up-to-date sophisticated highly developed state-of-the-art difficult
in advance: beforehand
advantage: superiority take advantage of: use benefit from
adventure: risk venture
adverse: unfavorable hostile negative
advocate: preach plead support
affect: influence effect: impact
affluent: rich well off
aggression: attack assault occupation
aggressive: brave bold rude
agony: anguish distress pain suffering torment
agreeable: pleasant
aim: purpose object objective intention
alert: wary on guard against
alien: foreign
alike: similar identical
after all: anyway in all: altogether all told
allege: assert suppose
allocate: distribute set apart designate
allowance: subsidy premium
ally: associate connect relate
almost: nearly as good as literally next to virtually
alter: change
alternative: choice option
altitude: height
amaze: surprise astonish astound shock stun
ambiguous: vague obscure
ambition: aspiration ideal wish
amend: revise