初中英语形容词讲义及练习.doc

形容词
clever聪明的 dry干的 fat胖的 golden金色的 good好的 heavy重的 square方的
此外，现在分词（ing形式）和过去分词（ed形式）也可以当形容词用。现在分词作形容词时（如amusing有趣的，boring无聊的，tiring使人疲倦的）是主动语态，指产生某种效果或感触。过去分词作形容词时（如amused感到有趣，horrified感到恐怖，tired感到疲倦）是被动语态，指所受影响是怎样的。
The play was boring．（The audience was bored．）这场演出没意思。（观众感到没意思。）
The work was tiring．（The workers were soon tired．）这是一项繁重的工作。（工人们很快就累
在许多形容词和分词后可跟介词：good at等于 tired of对……感到疲倦

有些形容词只能用作表语，不能在名词前作定语，这类形容词可称为表语形容词，如：ill，well，sorry，glad，afraid，ashamed，asleep，awake，away，alike（还有其他以a-开始的词）。
正确用法：He is alone． I saw him alone．
错句：He is an alone man．（应用lonely或lonesome）
The alone woman has lived here many years．（lonely）
若在名词前作定语，可改用其他形容词，如可以用sick代替ill，以happy代替glad，frightened代替afraid。有个别这类词可作定语，但意思有变化，如：
what a sorry（可悲的） thing！
This is a glad（令人高兴的） day for us．
另一方面，有些形容词只能用作定语，不能用作表语，如：
left，right，inner，outer，upper，elder，eldest，latter，wooden，woolen，golden
His elder brother is fifteen．（正确）His brother is elder．（错误）
His left hand is wounded．（正确）His wounded hand is left．（错误）
He has a wooden house．（正确）His house is wooden．（错误）
但在用于引伸意义时，有些这类形容词可以这样用，如：
His future looks golden．（正确）

形容词比较级和最高级
绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。例如: poor tall great glad bad。形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化如下:
1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
great (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
wide (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。 clever(原级) (比较级) (最高级)
4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成. happy (原形) (比较级) (最高级)
5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。 big (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful (原级)　 (比较级) (比较级)
difficult (原级) (最高级) (最高级)
常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:
bad worse worst
far farther (further) farthest（只指距离）(furthest)（用处较广）
good better best
little less least
many／much more most
old elder ( older ) eldest（仅指人）(oldest)（指人和物）
形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示"较不"和"最不"
important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要
形容词比较级的用法: 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。
Our teacher is than we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。
　It is today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。
　This picture is than that one. 　这张照片比那张照片漂亮。
　This meeting is than that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。
　The sun is than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。
形容词最高级的用法: 形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:
　主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
　She is student her class. 　她是班上最好的学生。
　Shanghai is one of cities China. 上海是中国最大城市之一
This is apple I have ever met. 　这是我见到的最大的苹果。
Tom is boy in his basketball team. 　汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。
farther／farthest和further／furthest这些形式都可以指距离。further同样可以指“另外的／更多的”，主要和抽象名词一起用：
Further supplies will soon be available．很快会得到更多的供应。
Further discussion/debate would be pointless．继续讨论／辩论是无意义的。
furthest同样可以和抽象名词连用来表示“最远的”：
This was the furthest point they reached in their discussion．他们在讨论中最远就谈到这里。
This was the furthest concession he would make．这是他肯做出的最大的让步。
elder，eldest；older，oldest
elder和eldest主要表示的是长幼顺序而非年龄大小。主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系，如my elder brother（我的兄长／哥哥），her eldest boy／girl（她的长子／长女）。
但在than前不能用elder，只能用older：
He is older than I am．他比我年龄大。

各种表示比较的句子结构
A、形容词的原级可与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”，与not as／so…as连用表不“不如……那样……”：
A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father．一个16岁的男孩常长得和他父亲一样高。
He was as white as a sheet．他面色苍白如纸。
Your coffee is not as／so good as the coffee my mother makes．你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。
B、形容词比较级可与than连用：
The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings．新建的塔楼群比旧楼房要高得多。
He makes fewer mistakes than you（do）．他犯的错比你少。
He is stronger than I expected．他长得要比我想像的结实。
It was more expensive than I thought．这比我预料的昂贵多了。
如省略than…时，英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级：
This is the best way．这是最好的办法。
C、三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时，以最高级与the…in／of结构连用的方式来表达：
This is the oldest theatre in London．这是伦敦最古老的剧院。
The youngest of the family was the most successful．全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。
D、要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构：
House Agent：Do you want a big house？房地产经纪人：你想买一栋大房子吗？
Ann：Yes，the bigger the better．安：是的，越大越好。
Tom：But the smaller it is，the less it will cost us to heat．汤姆：可是，房子越小，花的取暖费就越少。
E、一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连接的比较级表示：
The weather is getting colder and colder．天气越来越冷了。
He became less and less interested．他越来越不感兴趣。
F、用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较：
Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle．骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。
It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone．偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。
G、原级与like（相似，介词）和alike连用的结构：
Tom is very like Bill．汤姆长得很像比尔。
Bill and Tom are very alike．贝尔和汤姆长得很像。

1. This box is___ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D.as heavy as
2. When we speak to people, we should be .
A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly
C. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly
3. This book is____ that one, but____ than that one.
A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensive
C. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive
4. I think the story is not so ___ as that one.
A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting
5. I think science is _ than Japanese.
A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important
6. This pencil is___ than that one. A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long
7. My mother is no ___ young. A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few
8. These children are ____ this year than they were last year.
A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller
9. Mrs Black has got____ instead of getting any better.
A、more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse
10. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with___ students.
A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite
11. The house is small for a family of six.
A. much too B. too much C. very much D.so
12. Through the window we can see nothing but ____ buildings.
A. tall very many B. very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall
13. -What's your brother like? -He is___.
A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at school
14. The jacket was so___ that he decided to buy it.
A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheapl
15. Our classroom is____ larger than theirs.
A. more B. quite C. very D. much
16. The earth is about____ as the moon.
A.as fifty time big B.fifty times as big C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big
17. Your room is mine.
A.twice as large than B. twice the size of C.bigger twice than D.as twice large as
18. Your room is ___ than mine.
A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times
19. His father is____than his mother. ;
A. older four years B. as four years older C. four years older D. bigger four years
20. Maths is more popular than____.
A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subject D. other subject
21. China is larger than ____ in Africa.
A. any other country B. other countries C. the other country D. any country
22. Tom is stronger than ___ in his class.
A. any other boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy
23. When spring comes, it gets____.
A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter
24. By and by, ____ students in our class came to like English.
A. more and more B. much and much C. many and many D. less and least
25. At last he began to cry ___.
A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hard
C. harder and harder D. less hard and less harder
26. When spring comes the days get ____ and nights ____.
A. short; long B. long; short C. longer; shorter D. shorter; longer
27. ___ I look at the picture, ____ I like it.
A. The best; the more B. The more; the less C. The more; less D. More; the more
28. ___ he read the book, ____ he got in it.
A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting
C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested
29. ___ you come back, _____ it will be.
A.The quicker; the best B. The sooner; the better
C. Faster; the better D. The sooner; better
30 . I like___ one of the two books.
A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older
31. Which is___country, China or Japan?
A. the large B. the larger C. larger D. largest
32. Of the two cups, he bought .
A. the smaller B. the smallest C. small D: smaller
33. Which do you like ___, tea or coffee?
A. well B. better C. best D. most
34. This work is ____ for me than for you.
A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult
35. Which do you think tastes ____, the chicken or the fish?
A. good B. better C. best D. well
36. The Great Pyramid is about 137 metres high today, but it was once
A. higher B. highest C. high too D. more high
37. Don't you think it ______ not to write the letter?
A. well , B. better C. best D. good
一．写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级
1. long _________ _________ 2. short _________ _________
3. big _________ _________ 4. early _________ _________
5. nice _________ _________ 6. fat _________ _________
7. strong _________ _________ 8. clean _________ _________
9. busy _________ _________ 10. thin _________ _________
11. tall _________ _________ 12. late _________ _________
13. hot _________ _________ 14. happy _________ _________
15. delicious ________________ ________________
16. beautiful ________________ ________________
17. interesting ________________ ________________
18. important ________________ ________________
19. popular ________________ ________________
20. expensive ________________ ________________
21. careful ________________ ________________
22. good _________ _________ 23. many _________ _________
24. old _________ _________ 25. bad _________ _________
二．用下列词的适当形式填空
1. She is _____ (tall) than me.
2. This ball is _____ (big) than that one.
3. I’m _____ (thin) than you.
4. This girl is _____ _____ (beautiful) than that one.
5. Cookies are _____ _____ (delicious) than bread.
6. The pig is _____ (fat) than the dog.
7. The pen is _____ _____ (expensive) than the pencil.
8. The boy is _____ (old) than the girl.
9. This building is _____ (high) than that one.
10. The boy is _____ (short) than me.
1. Elva is the _____ (tall) in the classroom.
2. She is _____ _____ (short) girl in the school.
3. This one is _____ _____ (good) one.
4. This girl is _____ _____ _____ (beautiful) one in the school.
5. Those cookies are _____ _____ _____ (delicious) food in the world.
6. Which is _____ _____ (hot) season, spring, summer or fall?
7. Cindy is _____ _____ (strong) girl of us.
8. She is _____ _____ (good) teacher in the world.
9. They are _____ _____ (short) among us.
10. Lily is _____ _____ (thin) girl in the classroom.
用形容词的适当形式填空：
There are ______(many) new beauty spots here than in other cities of China.
This is lesson is _________(easy) than the last one.
Of the two girls I’m teaching , I find Nancy the ______(clever).
Gold is _____(little) useful than iron.
My sister is two years _____(old) than I.
I have ten dollars in my pocket at _____(little).
The boy is hot so ______________(generous) as his brother.
Ⅰ.写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级
1. few __________ __________ 2. hungry __________ __________
3. late __________ __________ 4. early __________ __________
5. easy __________ __________ 6. high __________ __________
7. good __________ __________ 8. short ____________________
9. small __________ __________ 10. fine __________ __________
Ⅱ.用形容词的比较级和最高级填空
1. Jim is young， but Tom is __________.
2. My book is new， but yours is __________ than mine.
3. My box is very heavy,but his is __________ than mine，and this is __________ of all.
4. Chen Guang's ruler is __________ than Zhao Lan's. （long）
5. Their red kite is high. The green one is __________. The yellow one is __________.
6. Miss Gao is earlier than Mr. Wu. She is __________ in the school.
7. John's picture is very nice. But Sam's is __________.
8. —Which is __________ （big）， the sun or the moon？
—The sun is much __________ than the moon.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1. Mike is taller than any other boy in his class. （改为同义句）
Mike is __________ __________ boy in his class.
2. Li Ping doesn't run as far as Wang Lin. （改为同义句）
Wang Lin __________ __________ __________ Li Ping.
3. This bag is very big. （改为感叹句）
__________ big the __________ __________！
4. Her father and mother are both doctors. （改为同义句）
Her __________ are both doctors.
5. They are going to meet at the gate of the park. （对划线部分提问）
__________ __________ __________ going to meet？
6. My box is heavy. Jim's box is heavier. （改为同义句）
Jim's box is heavier __________ __________.
7. The twins are twelve. Kate is eleven. （改为同义句）
Kate __________ the __________ of __________.
8. The teachers are watching TV in the meeting room. （对划线部分提问）
__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ in the meeting room？
9. What does he often do that for？ （改为同义句）
__________ __________ he often do that？
( ) 1 Who jumped____of all?
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far
( ) 2 Li Lei is___ student in our class.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
( ) 3 The fifth orange is____ of all. Give it to that small child.
A. big B. bigger C. the bigger D. the biggest
( )4 Who is---of you three?
A. the oldest B. much older C. oldest D. older
( )5 Tom is one of ____ boys in our class.
A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall
( )6 English is one of____ spoken in the world.
A. the important languages B. the most important languages
C. most important language D. the most important language
( ) 7 Beijing is one of____ in China.
A. the largest city B. the large cities C. the larger cities D. the largest cities
( )8. Most of the woods ____ been taken good care of.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
( )9 ___ like playing football and watching TV.
A. Most boys B. Most of they C. Most boy D. More of they
( )10 ___ are here watering the flowers here.
A. Some B. Some of the boys C. Some boy D. Some of boys
( )11 ___ haven't been to American.
A. Most them B. Most they C. More of them D. Most of them
( )12 ___ is more beautiful than roses.
A. No other flower B. No another flower C. Not other flower D. Not all flowers
( )13 The tree