课堂笔记写作及口语.doc

大作文的写作步骤：
1. 审题：
①话题和题型
②核心词
2. 思路
列表双方观点对比
正反、利弊、双边、解释型

1-3原则：
个人（政府、媒体）——家庭——学校——社会

结构：
4——5段

题型：
让步反驳题 让步一边倒 平衡写 问题解决
注：思路要清晰 内容（论点+论据）

表顺序的词：
To begin with, second, besides, additionally, finally, to sum up, in the first place, in the second place, in addition, furthermore, last but not least, all in all

表因果的词：
because (of)/this is because / in order to / due to / owing to

所以：result in/lead to/trigger 重要的：significant/essential 很:definitely/extremely

优势/劣势：benefit, positive/negative, drawback 促进：enrich=enhance

解决：cope with/address 承担责任：shoulder duty 对....有好处：bring benefit to

对....有深远影响：exert a far-reaching impact on 对...有坏处：have negative effect on

只是：merely/nothing more than an assistance of 解决...问题：solve urgent/issue

3. 语法多样性

(1) 有...状态、趋势
there be 句型的使用

there are numerous merits for... ...有很多的优点和价值
(2) 做某事很.....
it is + adj + for sb to do sth

it is extremely significant for every individual protect... 保护....对每个人来说是很有重大意义的
(3) 被动语态
be + 过去分词

should not be neglected. ...不能被忽视
(4) 虚拟语气
would/should/might/could

(5) 插入语
it is,in my opinion ,extremely significant for every individual protect... 也就是说，以我的意见，保护...对每个人来说是有重大意义的

in my opinion也可以用therefore替换
E.g. advertisements, to many people's surprise, are everywhere. 广告让人觉得惊讶的是它无处不在

注：插入语在句中做成分，但去掉后仍不印象句子的语法结构

(6) 比较级、最高级
the + 比较级

E.g. the more i drink , the better you look. 喝得越多，你越漂亮
the higher people's educational background is, the easier they are going to find a job.人们越多的背景，越容易找工作

(7) 复杂句
and 链接的两个简单句
(8) 过去分词
doing 1, A do 2
E.g. Accelerating local economy, international tourism is highly significant... 国际旅游对促进当地的经济发展是很重要的

A ,doing 1, A do 2
E.g. IT ，Accelerating local economy, is ighly significant... IT对当地的经济发展很重要
(9) 从句的使用
七种关系代词的使用：who/what/where/that/which/whom/whose

如何展开文章内容?
三明治结构
Introduction:3句
Body段：主体2段 14-16句
每段7-8句
结尾：3句

辩论型题目的结构：
让步反驳、让步一边倒 3——7

首段： 背景+ 双方观点+ 作者观点
引出背景
正反、利弊、双边
同意谁
最近.....成为敏感话题

开头段模板：
in recent years, the issue of____. ____has become a sensitive one__. some people strongly maintain that__. while others firmly insist that___. I will take both views into careful consideration and draw my own conclusion at the end.
分析：...最近成为敏感的话题，人们同意....，当人们提到或者坚持这一观点时....，我将会分别讨论双方的观点，并且在结尾给出结论。（主要强调写作的意图）

原因类型的作文开头段：

recently, the issue of how __is has become a hot topic. however, actions have rarely been taken. there are ,as far as i am concerned many reasons , should be responsible for this phenomenon.
分析：近年来，....的问题成为了一个热题，然而，人们并没有采取行动。在我看来有很多原因
写环境问题，e.g. how important environment protection....

1+n句
TS论点1
大S
小S论据 一个以上、

Body段：
Admittedly, there are some obvious benifit aspects of__. however, more drawbacks can be seen evidently from__. on the one hand, comprehendingly, it is understandable / comprehensible for people to believe that__. on the other hand, it is also reasonable for people to suggest that__. to be more specific(specifically)/ that is to say/ but that i mean__. to illustrate__. a case in point is that__. an obvious example is that__.

分析：首先让步，然后反驳，接着讨论，再解释，举例子来诠释。
或者运用反证法：in contract . on the contrary .conversely. on the other hand..

主体段的必要内容:

论点：诚然....有好处（让步）
大S1：首先... 小S1:也就是说，这么说是因为....
大S2:其次..... 小S2：一个明显的例子是....
总结句：所以.....的好处是显而易见的....

如何扩展主体段：
1. 推因论果
2. 事实论据
3. 对比论证

末段模板：
nowadays,the issue of when is the suitable age for people to leave school has become a heated discussion. Believe/hold the opinion that__. others firmly take the view of that__. i am a believer of the former / later idea. i find myself in complete agreement with__. all in all/to sum up/in brief/ i am firmly convinced that__. in conclusion, when all the factors are examined , we may safelu come to the conclusion that__.

或者说：
depends/ relys on the actual situation involved.需要具体问题具体分析

there is no clear-cut answer to the question about...and there are obviously pros and cons which require more carefully examination.没有具体答案，它明显有利有弊

分析：最近...成为敏感的话题（写出是什么话题），作者的观点....., 其他人对这个话题的观点, 最后重申总的论点，强调作者的观点，或者对这个话题提出建议
（可以帮助凑字数）写出自己的观点，
注：重申观点时，不要转述或者解释意思，不要照抄首段
结尾时，也可以不写出自己的观点，表明具体问题需要具体分析。

口语

必须准备的话题：
学习背景和家乡，花，数字，颜色，习惯，爱好，经历，种类，选择，对比，影响

准备八个模板：
人物2个， 地点2个， 物品1个，论述1个，事件2个， 字数都在120以上

Part3如何回答？

遇见不懂的，或者没准备过的话题，可以要求考官重复一遍
would you mind repeating that ?
若重复后还不会回答
i 've never really thought about it，but.....

口语中需要注意的语法点：
1. 准确性 时态、单复数、人称变化、主谓一致、句型的完整结构
2. 复杂性 从句的使用,套用作文必须掌握的九个语法点

①person who is very talktive
②place where
③ time when
④something that people like to do
⑤a special way how..
主语从句
1. what i kike to enphasize is that ...
2. whether old people like it or not depends on,...
条件句
if the game requires too much physical strengh, i guess i won't even try it
情态动词
被动语态
过去完成时
转折： actually /in fact/still
并列： meanwhile/at the same time
额外附加： what's more/moreover/ by the way
原因： one of the reason might be...
总结陈述： anyway/basically..

注：时态使用的问题，如果对过去式描述从头到尾都要使用过去时态。否则容易扣分