通过阅读学词汇.doc

Unit1 colour and life
Unit 2 The Technology in the 21st Century
Unit 3 Social Support Cushions Stress
Unit 4 Manners and Custom
Unit 5 Greenhouse Problems Arise！
Unit 6 Friendship
Unit 7 Stress and Relaxation
Unit 8 Radiation in Space
Unit 9 Can Evidence Be Misleading
Unit 10 Music, Part of African Life
Unit 11 Building Upwards, Right or Wrong?
Unit 12 Music Prodigies
Unit 13 The Artificial Intelligence Rivalling That of Humans
Unit 14 The Inadequacies of the Young---Whose Fault?
Unit 15 Confrontation with Death
Unit 16 The Chidren’s Acquistition of Language
Unit 17 Money, the Root of All Evil?
Unit 18 Knowledge and Wisdom
Unit 19 The balance of Nature
Unit 20 Newspaper and It’s Relevance to Life
Unit 21 The Fridge
Unit 22 Uniforms: Cons and Pros
Unit 23 Clean Up the Sea!
Unit 24 Be Merciful to Animals
Unit 25 Winners
Unit 26 Work, the causes of Happiness or Unhappiness
Unit 27 Science and Scientists
Unit 28 The Recycling of Waste
Unit 29 Social status
Unit 30 Transplant Surgery
Unit 31 The United Nations
Unit 32 Heroes or Savages?
Unit 33 Teaching and Learning
Unit 34 Cambridge, the University Town
Unit 35 Crime
Unit 36 The Qualities of a Teacher
Unit 37 How to Be a Winner
Unit 38 Time and Social Life
Unit 39 The Qlympic Games
Unit 40 The Secret Ingredients of Tough People
Unit 41 Insurance
Unit 42 Learning to Write
Unit 43 Project Tiger
Unit 44 Youth
Unit 45 The benefits of collecting
Unit 46 Time Spent in a Bookshop
Unit 47 Work and Play
Unit 48 How to Avoid Foolish Opinions?
Unit 49 Cloning
Unit 50 The Aim of a University Education
Unit 51 Tunneling
Unit 52 A Naturalist Is Born
Unit 53 Bringing Up the Children
Unit 54 Ensuring Driving Safety
Unit 55 The Generation Gap
Unit 56 Chemistry
Unit 57 America, a Country on the Move
Unit 58 Face and personality
Unit 59 Remote Infrared Crop Scanning
Unit 60 Does Smoking Help to Think?
Unit 61 Labor Day
Unit 62 Population Growth Rate in Brazil
Unit 63 Writing, a Hard Career
Unit 64 What Is Happiness?
Unit 65 Thatching in British Isles
Unit 66 Optical Iilusion and High Way Crashes
Unit 67 Taste Is Subjective
Unit 68 Learning to Use a Computer
Unit 69 The Referees’s Errors
Unit 70 Changing Our Attitude Toward Napping
Unit 71 Taste and Consumers
Unit 72 On Shyness
Unit 73 Participation in Classroom
Unit 74 Wearing Seat--Belts
Unit 75 Thinking Prevents the Brain from Shrinking
Unit 76 Computers and Thinking
Unit 77 Oceanography
Unit 78 Campus Life
Unit 79 The Energy Cycle
Unit 80 Disadvantages in Streaming Pupils
Unit 81 The Importance of Spelling
Unit 82 The EEC Solar Energy Programme
Unit 83 The Artificial Heart
Unit 84 The Railroad and the Westward Movement
Unit 85 Asian-Americans
Unit 86 Science—A Way of Thinking
Unit 87 Nursing
Unit 88 New Findings in Babies’ Learning
Unit 89 Learning to Complain
Unit 90 The Evolutionary Theory of Sleep
Unit 91 The Shift from the Role of Husband to That of Father
Unit 92 Reading: Conversation Between the Reader and the Text
Unit 93 The Los Angeles Earthquake
Unit 94 The Appeal of Advertising
Unit 95 The competition of personal Computers
Unit 96 The Nuclear Power Plant
Unit 97 The Physical Science and the Social Science
Unit 98 Preface of a Grammar Book
Unit 99 Wheels for Animals
Unit 100 Petroleum

通过阅读学词汇
Unit1
colour and life
What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, red? If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tell us, among as we grow up--we are born with our preference. If you happen to love brown , you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or as soon as you could see clearly.
Colours do influence our moods--there is no doubt about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, than any other bridge in the area--until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply; perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.
Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active. It is established that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
Unit 2
The Technology in the 21st Century
Peering into the 21st century, authorities on the future see extraordinary changes. Whether in the home, the workplace or outer space, many of these changes will be the sort of what seemed unthinkable only a few years ago.
New scientific breakthroughs will allow machines to take on more tasks that the human brain has traditionally done. Computers, which once only remembered data, will make more decisions, which once only remembered data, will what symptoms the patients have may soon be recommending surgery. Others will design new buildings after questioning buyers about their preferences. Increasingly, human thought processes and even values are being programmed into computers, according to Earl Joseph, president of a Minneapolis consulting firm “ Imagine machines which are smarter and more intelligent than humans and, with their embedded initiative, can't wait to tell you about it.”he says.
The computer will talk back, too. Already some soft-drink machines complain loudly if you don't deposit enough cash. At home, a bedside machine may someday tell, “ You forgot to turn off the basemen light”.
Eventually, scientists believe, one person's mental pictures may be transferred by brain waves onto tape and then replayed later into someone else's brain. For example, one person could sunbathe at the beach, and the mental image could be replayed later for others too busy to make the trip.
Scientists hold out hope that genetic engineering will transform everything from medicine and agriculture to computer technology and industry. Possibilities include larger trees, increased grain yields and even square tomatoes, easily packaged with less water content. It is possible to breed cows the size of elephants that could produce 40 percent more milk, some experts says.
Unit 3
Social Support Cushions Stress
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support-financial aid, material resources, and needed services-that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.
Unit 4
Manners and Customs
Learning the language of a country isn’t enough. If you want to ensure a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your hosts. You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man apparently shaking his head at another and assumed that he is disagreeing. But in many parts of India a rotating movement of the head is a gesture that signifies agreement or acceptance. Nodding your head when offered a drink in Bulgaria is likely to leave you thirsty. In that country you shake your head to signify “yes” --- a nod indicates “no”. Arabs are known for sumptuous hospitality. At a meal in countries on the Arabic peninsula, you will find that any drinking vessel is repeatedly refilled as soon as you drain it. The way to indicate that you have had enough is to take the cup or glass in your hand and give a little shake from side to side or place the hand over the top.
In Europe, it is quite usual to cross your legs when sitting talking to someone, even at an important meeting. Doing this when meeting an important person in Thailand, however, could cause offence. It is considered too informal an attitude for such an occasion. Also when in Thailand avoid touching the head of an adult—it’s just not done.
Attitudes to women vary considerably around the world. In Japan, for example, it is quite usual for men to plan evening entertainments for themselves and leave their wives at home. In Europe, such attitudes are disappearing.
Unit 5
Greenhouse Problems Arise！
Under 1988 summer skies, the driest and hottest since the 1930s, crops withered from New Jersey to California. In the water-starved Mississippi River, dredges dug feverishly to keep open a channel for barges. A record—breaking heat wave closed Harvard University near Boston, while in Detroit, auto workers walked off the job when some work station temperatures exceeded 100 degrees F. Then, in September, the century’s fiercest hurricane swept through the Caribbean.
Something strange is happening to our weather. During the past decade, the United States has seen three of the coldest winters and four of the warmest average years ever recorded, a string of weather average years ever recorded, a string of weather extremes that would occur by chance less than once in 1000 year. Elsewhere, it has also run to extremes—with Russia and India experiencing their highest temperatures. Last winter, snow fell on the gondolas of Venice, the usually sunny beaches of France, arid South Africa and even subtropical Brazil.
University of Chicago atmosphere scientist V.Ramanathan calculates that the earth’s average temperature already has risen during this century by one degree F, almost certainly because of the increase in greenhouse gases. Even without further atmospheric pollution, he estimates that trapped heat from gases we’ve already put in our skies will boost global temperatures another one to five degrees over 1980 levels in the next century. If our emissions of these gases continue to increase as they have, he and others predict that by the year 2030 the earth’s average temperature could climb by nine degrees F. over 1990 levels.
Many scientists believe that a number of these greenhouse problems will come to pass unless actions are taken to slow some of today’s trend. Fortunately, we have the tools for heading off disaster. It only remains for us to use them.
Unit 6
Friendship
Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take friendship for granted, we often don’t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few -- for example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationships, two people like one another and enjoy being together. But beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interests vary enormously. As we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic conditions, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.
Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common –they often talk about “being on the same wavelength”. It generally takes time to reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favours and hate to break a promise. Equally, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and try to tolerate differences of opinion.
In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two persons. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful band, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.
Unit 7
Stress and Relaxation
It is often believed that only rich middle-aged businessmen suffer from stress. In fact anyone may become ill as a result of stress if they experience a lot of worry over a long period and their health is not especially good. Stress can be a friend or an enemy: it can warn you that you are under too much pressure and should change your way of life. It can kill you if you don’t notice the warning signals. Doctors agree that it is probably the biggest single cause of illness in the Western world.
When we are very frightened and worried our bodies produce certain chemicals to help us fight what is troubling us. These chemicals produce the energy needed to run away fast from an object of fear, and in modern life that’s often impossible. Unfortunately, if we don’t use up these chemicals, or if we produce too much of them, they may actually harm us. The parts of the body that are most affected by stress are the lung, heart, skin, head and back. Stress can cause car accidents, heart attacks, and may even drive people to suicide.
Our living and working conditions may put us under stress. Overcrowding in large cities, traffic jams, competition for jobs, worry about the future, any big changes in our lives, may cause stress. Some British doctors have pointed out that one of the Britain’s worst waves of influenza happene