四级常用词根及前缀.doc

四级常用词根及前缀、后缀
1.常用词干（68个）
ag, act做 agent, active; aster, astro星 disaster, astronomy;
audi听 audience, audio-visual(AV) ; cap,cept,ceive拿、取 capture, receive;
bio生命 biochemist, antibiotic; cede,ceed,cess行、移动procedure, successive;
cide, cis切，杀 suicide, decision; clued, clus闭合 include, exclusion;
cur, curr跑 occur, currency; cred相信 creditor, incredible;
cycle圆、环 bicycle, recycle; fac,fic,fect,fact做、制affect,fiction,infect;
dict, dic说 dictionary, indication; duct, duc引导 educate, conduct, prouuce;
fer运送、带 transfer, conference; flect, flex弯、曲 reflect, flexible;
flu流fluid, influence, fluent; gen起源、种类、人种intelligence, generation;
geo地球、土地geography,geometry; grad, gress走gradual, aggressive;
gram写、记录grammar, telegram; graph写、记录; photo光 photograph;
ject 投、掷、抛reject, project, injection;
med中间immediately, medium;
lect, leg挑选、采集、读elect, collect, legend;
mob, mot, mov 移动automobile, promote
mani,manu手manual, manipulate; miss,mit送、派、放开transmit, permit;
pel推、逐expel, propeller; pend悬挂indispensable, suspend;
phon声microphone, phoney; pon, pos放置postpone, compose;
port搬运、带transport, portable; rupt裂、破坏interrupt, rupture;
scribe写describe, prescribe; spec, spect,spic看perspective, respective;
volv转、滚动revolve, revolution; tract拖、拉、吸引tractor, attract, distraction;
vid, vis看见evident, invisible; tend,tens,tent伸张、倾向extend, intense
2.常用前缀（49个）
anti-反、抗、对立antisocial, antibody; auto-自己/动的autobiography, autonomous;
be-使得、视作become, belittle; bi-两，双面bilingual, bimonthly;
centi-百century, centigrade; co-共同，联合coordinate, cooperate;
con-,col-,com-,cor-与、和、共、全colleague, combination, conform, coordinate;
contra-相反、针对contradiction,contrary;
counter-反、逆对、等counteract, counterpart
de-取消、脱离、向下decline, departure;
dis-否定、除去discriminate, disorder;
en(m)-使成为、使进入enable, enclose;
ex-向外、出自、超出、离开exceed, exclude
extra-越出、超过extraordinary, extreme;
fore-前面、预先forehead, forecast;
in(m)-,il-,ir-不，无，非illegal, important;
in-在……里，内部inclusive, indoor;
inter-互相、在……中间interaction, intervene;
intra(o)-内部、向内introduce, introvert
macro-大的、宏观的macroeconomics; mal-坏、恶、不良maltreat, malnutrition
micro-微小的、微量的microphone, microwave;
mid-中部、当中midland, midwife;
mini-极小的、极短的minibus, minimum; mis-错、不当、相反misery, mismatch
mono-一、单一的monotonous, monopoly; multi-多倍的multiple, multitude;
non-非、无、不nonsense, non-stop; out-超出、在外outstanding, outlive;
over-在上面、越过overwhelming, overtake; poly-多，众polysyllable, polytechnic;
post-后postgraduate, postpone; pre-预先、前precedence, predominant;
psudo-伪、假、拟pseudonym, pseudoscience;
re-又、再、往后replace, replenish;
semi-半、部分的semiconductor, semi sphere;
sub-下一级、次要subordinate, substitute
super-上方的、超过的superfluous, supervisor; tele-远的、远距离telephone, telescope
therm(o)-热、热电的thermos, thermometer; trans-横越、通过transplant, transmit;
tri-三、三次tricycle, triangle, triple;
ultra-在……之外、极端、过分ultraviolet, ultrasonic;
un-不、非、相反unknown, unsay; uni-单、一uniform, unity, universal;
vice-代替、代理、付 vice-president, vice-principal.
3.常用后缀（63个）
1）n.后缀（33个）
-age 状态、行为、集合 shortage, baggage; -al动作、人、事物refusal, professional
-ance, -ence状态、性质、行为 entrance, reliance, correspondence;
-ant, -ent人，物inhabitant, pollutant; -ar, -er, -or人banker, scholar, sailor;
-ery, -ary, -ory,-ry 人、地点、学科、集合secretary, library, history, shrubbery, scenery;
-dom范围、状态kingdom, freedom; -ee动作的承受者 refugee, referee;
-eer从事……的人engineer; -ese某国的人、预言Japanese;
-ess女性hostess, actress; -hood状况livelihood, neighborhood;
-ian人 magician, physician; -ics学科 linguistics, athletics;
-(s)ion,-(a)tion状况、行为presentation, intuition;
-ism主义materialism, optimism; -ist主义者dentist, Buddhist
-th结果、过程length, warmth; -(i)ty多抽象名词的性质、状态ability, loyalty;
-ment行为、状态、性质enjoyment, argument, government, payment;
-ness性质、状态sickness, blindness; -ology学科psychology, physiology;
-ship性质、状况、状态hardship, leadership;
-ure性质、状况、状态pleasure, pressure;
2）v.后缀（7个）
-ate使……irritate, originate;
-ize, -ise, -yze, -yse……化modernize, normalize, analyze;
-en 使……变成sharpen, hasten, lengthen;
-ify 使……成，使……化simplify, amplify, diversify;
3）adj.后缀（20个）
-able, -ible能（为）……的sensible, permissible;
-al 具有……性质的 ignorant, consistent, passionate, fortunate;
-ary, -ory与……相关的imaginary, obligatory; -ed有……的wooded, pleased;
-en有……质的，似……的wooden, golden; -free免于……的carefree, duty-free;
-ic(al)类似……的，具有……的poetic, energetic;
-ful充满……的cheerful, faithful;
-ive表倾向，关系，特征collective, destructive;
-ish似……的childish, selfish, foolish;
-less没……的shameless, fearless; -like似……的womanlike, warlike;
-ly有……特征的roughly, leisurely; -ous充满……的dangerous, precious;
-some有……性质的burdensome, lonesome;
-ward表举止、方向awkward, eastward; -y状态、性质、行为sunny, thirsty;
4）adv.后缀（3个）
-ward(s)方向straightforward; -ly……地（状态、成都、性质、方式）consequently;
-wise 方向、位置likewise, counter-clockwise;