英汉翻译实务第10讲--技巧篇.doc

英汉翻译实务第10讲
词类转换
课时安排：2节
教学目的要求：通过学习，同学们能够了解翻译时并学会词汇转换的策略。
教学重点：名词动词之间的互换。
教学难点：词类转换时的词义选择及表达。

教学内容：
A saw is used to saw, a bag is used to bag, a file is used to file.
A flirt flirts, a snoop snoops and a spy spies.
By conversion, we mean the change of parts of speech in translation. Owing to the syntactical differences between English and Chinese, it is usually impossible for a translator to keep to the original part of speech in the process of translation. As a matter of fact, a word belonging to a certain part of speech in one language sometimes has to be converted into a different part of speech, so as to bring forth a readable and coherent sentence. Therefore, conversion is one of the important and commonly adopted translation techniques.
Generally speaking, conversion of parts of speech in English-Chinese translation takes the following forms.

I. Conversion into Verbs

1. Nouns into Verbs

1) 一些习语中的主体名词可以转换成动词
eg. have a rest, go for a walk

A. We don’t have any idea when the boy was born.

(不知道)
B. She is too tired to have the faintest desire to dance.

（一点儿也不想）

2) 含有动作意味的名词可以转换成动词

A. The abuse of drugs has become one of America’s most serious social problems.
滥用毒品已经成为美国最严重的社会问题之一。

B. A view of Fuji Mountain can be obtained from here.

从这里可以看到富士山。

3) 由动词派生出来的名词可以转换成动词

A. The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.

政府号召建立更多的技术学校。

B. The new situation requires the formation of a new strategy.

新形势要求制定新的战略。

C. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.

读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。

D. I call for cooperation in the economic and technical sectors among the countries the world over.

我呼吁世界各国在经济、技术方面进行合作。

4）由动词+er构成的名词可以转换成动词
A. There were various possible players for the role.

可能扮演这个角色的有好几个人

B. Some of my classmates are good singers.

我的同学中有些人歌唱得很好。

2. Prepositions into Verbs
1) At noon, he came home for lunch.

他中午回家吃午饭。

2) The president took the foreign guests about the campus.

校长带外宾们参观校园。

3. Adjectives into Verbs
Many English adjectives after a link verb indicating one’s consciousness, feelings, emotions, desires, etc. are always converted into Chinese verbs.

1) I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.

我非常感激父亲，因为在我小时侯他总是不断地鼓励我。

2) They are not content with their present achievements.

他们不满足于他们现有的成就。

4. Adverbs into Verbs

1) Our holiday is three weeks away.

离我们的假期还有3个星期。

2) When will he be back?

他什么时候回来？

3) The boy told me that his mother was out.

那个男孩告诉我他的母亲出去了。

5. Conjunction into Verbs

1) Eight and seven is fifteen.

8加7等于15。

2) Winter is the fourth and last season in a year.

冬季是一年中第四个也是最后一个季节。

II. Conversion into Nouns
1. Verb into Nouns
1）英语中的被动语态在翻译成汉语时，原被动句中的谓语动词可根据需要转换成汉语的名词，与“遭到”、“受到”等动词连用。

A． His image as a good student was tarnished.

他作为一个好学生的形象遭到了玷污。

B． He was snubbed by those top-ranking officials.

他受到那些高级官员们的冷落。

2）名词派生出来的动词，为符合汉语表达习惯，可将其还原成名词来译。

A. He was blacklisted and lost his job.

他被列入黑名单，失去了工作。

B. Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.

这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。

2. Adjective into Nouns
Adjectives with the definite articles to indicate categories of people, things, or adjectives used as predicative to indicate the nature of things may also be converted into nouns.

1) They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf.

他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。

2) In the fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive.

在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性。

III. Conversion into Adjectives
1. Noun into adj.
1) 有时名词在句子中充当表语，前面通常有冠词，翻译时可转换为形容词。
A. This experiment was a great success.

这个实验很成功。

B. Independent thinking is a necessity in study.

学习中的独立思考是必须的。

2) 有些形容词派生出的名词也可转译为形容词。

A. The puppet-show was performed with great regularity.

木偶戏的演出井然有序。

B. Having heard the good news，they had complete happiness.

他们快乐到了极点。

2. Adv. into adj.
有些副词是由形容词派生出来的，可转译为形容词。
1) They were deeply impressed by what he did in the critical moment.

他在关键时刻的行为给他们留下了深刻的印象。

2) Boys think differently from girls.

男孩子的思维方式和女孩子是不同的。

IV. Conversion into Adverbs
1. Nouns into adv.
1) John and Kate, the instant they were married, set out in great haste for Venice.

刚行完婚礼，马上匆匆忙忙地动身到了威尼斯。

2) She had the kindness to show me the way.

她好意地给我指路。

2. Adj. into adv.
1) They regarded him as a potential adversary.

他们认为他可能是一个对手。

2) He whispered a hurried good-bye to his host.

他匆匆地向主人轻声道别。