虚拟语气题及语法.doc

虚拟语气
虚拟语气
一． 定义
在英语中，表示说话时， 所说的话实现的可能性极小或与事实相反，或只表示说话者的愿望、请求和建议的语言结构为虚拟语气。
二． 形式
假设类型
假设条件句
主句
与现在事实相反的假设
If +主语 +动词过去时
（be用were）
主语（第一人称）+should/would 主语（第二 人称）+ 动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设
If +主语+过去完成时
主语 +should/would +have +过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设
If +主语+should/were to +动词原形
主语+should/would +动词原形
Eg. If she had time, she would help you.
If I knew English, I should be able to read these English books.
If we had known the basic principles, we should have controlled the process even better.
If she should come to us, she would answer these questions.
If he were to do this test, he might do it in some other way.
*虚拟语气在错综条件中的用法：
If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn’t be smiling now.
You would speak English well now, if you had practiced reading it everyday,
*虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法；
含蓄条件句中并没有条件从句，是通过上下文或某种其他方式表示暗含着虚拟条件。除了用or, otherwise外， 还常用连词but 介词without 和but for.
Eg. He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then.
We didn’t know her telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned her.
She would have succeeded, but she didn’t listen to me.
But for your help, I could not have finished the experiment so early.
Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.
*用在wish 后的宾语从句中
Eg. She wishes that she were a doctor.
We wish that the snow would stop.
We wish that she had not made so much trouble
* 虚拟语气用在 as if/ as though 引导的方式状语从句中和表语从句中其动词形式与wish 宾语从句形式相同。
Eg. Our teacher loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own .
She talked about Paris as if she had been there.
*虚拟语气在其它从句中得用法；
1． 表建议，要求，命令的从句中（ insist/ suggest/ order/recommend/ desire/ advice/ propose/ require/ demand…）
She insisted that Mary should do the job.
They suggested that the meeting should be postponed.
2． 用在句型It is + 形容词/过去分词+ 主语从句（should do sth.）
It is necessary that you should finish the job on time.
It was ordered that the medicines be sent here by air.
3． 用在表语从句或同位于从句中( advice/ aim/ decision/ demand / desire/ order/ proposal/ recommendation/ requirement/ suggestion)谓语动词用should +do
The suggestion is that she be invited was rejected.
Their demand is that their wages be increased by 29%.
One of the requirements for a fire is that the material be heated to its burning temperature.
5. 用在特殊句型中
would rather(宁愿)/would sooner（宁愿）/ would prefer（宁愿）/ it is（high/about） time that（该..时候了） …
表示希望或婉转的责备，用过去时表示当时或将来的情况； 用过去完成时表示过去的情况
eg. We ‘d rather you posted the letter at once.( 当时情况)
We would prefer she didn’t stay there too long.（将来情况）
It is (high) time that we began to do our experiment.
6.虚拟语气用在in case, lest, for fear that引导的状语从句中表以防， 以免。动词形式为should +do
eg. She took her raincoat with her in case it should rain.
The young lady put a blanket over the baby for fear that it should catch cold.

Exercises:
1. ____ today, he would get there by Friday.
a. was he leaving b. were he to leave c. if he leaves d. if he is leaving
2. I ____ worry too much if I were you.
a. oughtn’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. wouldn’t
3. If we ___ sooner, we might have got there.
a. started b. had started c. would have started d. start
4. If you ___ see Mr. Allen, give him my regards.
a. should b. would c. shall d. will
5. I know it will be difficult to pick him out in such a crowd, but if you ____ happen to see him, give him the message.
a. might b. could c. should d. would
6. He did his homework carefully for fear that he ___
a. made a mistake b. makes a mistake
c. make a mistake d. would make a mistake
7. I would have asked him to attend our gathering but I ____ his address.
a. didn’t know b. hadn’t known c. don’t know d. wouldn’t know
8. I ____ to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.
a. should have called b. called c. could call d. would call
9. It is necessary that an efficient worker ____ his work on time.
a. accomplishes b. can accomplish c. accomplish d. has accomplished
10. I ___ professor Smith had taught me English.
a. believe b. wish c. deeply think d. am guessing
11. He looked as if he ____ ill for a long time.
a. was b. has been c. were d. had been
12. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ____ there.
a. was b. had been c. were d. went
13. The doctor has given the order that the patient ____ a bath every day.
a. having b. have c. has d. had
14. It is high time she ____ her toys away.
a. put b. puts c. has put d. is putting
15. If only we ____ as we were told! This would never have happened.
a. had done b. would come c. do d. did
16. Batteries should be kept in a dry place ___ electricity should leak away.
a. because of that b. for reason that c. for fear that d. in spite of that
17. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ____ there.
a. was b. were c. had been d. went
18. The professor gave the orders that the test ____ before 5:30.
a. be finished b. finish c. will finish d. will be finished
19.He must have had an accident, or he ___ then.
a. would have been here b. had to be here
c. should be here d. would be here
20. She said she’d rather he ____ tomorrow instead of today.
a. had left b. left c. will leave d. leaves
21. To be frank, I’d rather you ____ in the case.
a. will not be involved b. not involved
c. not to be involved d. were not involved
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