英语作文类型.doc

一、对比选择型
对比选择型作文的标志十分明显，非常容易识别，其要求比较明确，富有针对性，即直接要求考生比较两种观点或做法，或是阐述某事物的利弊或优缺点，进而表明自己的观点。
1
When it comes to , there is no complete agreement among people.
Some people take it for granted /believe that. Firstly,. Secondly, .
However, other people maintain/ argue/ prefer. For one thing,___________. For another,____________.
As for me, I am inclined to____________. On the one hand, _________. On the other hand, ______. In a word,___________.
2
(1) __________________ has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions vary from person to person. Some people are inclined to think that ___________________while others claim that _____________.
（2）Those who criticize__________argue that 理 由 一， 理由二 . However, people who advocate _on the other hand, maintain that________________理 由 一， 理由二 ..
（3）As far as I am concerned, my favor goes to the first/second view. Admittedly, but it doesn’t follow that Only if can we, just as the saying goes.
Model Test One
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the topic: Living Alone or Living with Roommates. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 有人认为大学里应该独自生活
2． 另一些认为大学里应与别人同住
3． 你的看法
Living Alone or Living with Roommates
Nowadays, there is a heated discussion among the college students as to whether they should live alone outside the campus or live together with other roommates in the students’ dormitory. Opinions are divided over the matter.
Those who are in favor of living alone maintain that they can enjoy absolute freedom in a room of their own. For example, they could have their own timetable without disturbing others. And they could equip the room with a personal computer so that they can have easy access to the Internet.
But others argue that living with roommates has attractions of if own. First of all, one has more opportunities to know people from diverse backgrounds. Furthermore, the roommates can take part in many activities together and therefore enhance their friendship. Moreover, by learning to tolerate the differences between individuals, they can become more mature.
As far as I am concerned, I prefer to live with roommates because I love the feeling of belonging. Besides, it is a lot cheaper to live in a dorm than to rent an apartment outside the campus.
2006.12
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled On the Spring Festival Gala. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Many people love the CCTV Spring Festival Gala, because it involves all kinds of programs. No matter what you do and how old you are, you can always find something to make your day. Cross talks and other comic performances bring people a lot of laughter and famous stars’ showing up adds up more fun and excitement.
While others claim that the CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled. They are complaining about its lack of originality and its dominant status on TV on that very special day. They also think focusing on this time consuming program disturbs family members’ communication and prohibits them from attending more meaningful activities.
I think it unnecessary to cancel that program, for many people still have a strong feeling for it. Those who do not like it can choose to do something that is more meaningful. Anyway, the organizers should definitely try harder to figure out more interesting and original programs catering to the audience’s taste.
二、观点论证型
观点论证型作文一般要求考生根据题目所给论点(常以谚语为题目)，按照提纲要求通过摆事实、讲道理的方式对该论点进行论证。
行文思路：
1． 首先提出论点
2． 然后进行论证
3． 最后表明自己的立场和看法
2003.1
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象
2. 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实
It is well known that __________. It tells us that ______. However，some people nowadays 与论点相冲突的观点或现象 。 理由 。 　　　危害　　　。
In fact, 论点 . Undoubtedly, 论据一 . Moreover, 论据二 。 For example, 。 In addition, 论据三.
All mentioned above tell us that _____________. Therefore, we should __________________.
It is generally accepted that it pays to be honest. It means honesty can benefit us a lot. However, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake products to their customers. Usually those who cheat can make profits in the short term, but they will lose more in the long run.
In fact, being honest is not only beneficial to others but also to us ourselves. Firstly, other people can make informed decision based on the information provided by you if you are honest. Furthermore, you will win trust and respect from other people, which can help you establish good relationship with others and can even benefit your career. Moreover, honesty can build up a more stable and harmonious society.
In a word, being honest is worthwhile. All of us should have this virtue.
三、问题解决型
问题解决型作文通常要求考生对某一问题进行分析，并提出解决方案。
行文基本结构：
1． 首先引出要解决的问题及其严重性或必要性
2． 简要分析其产生的原因
3． 提出解决办法或措施
（4． 最后表明自己的态度，提出建议并展望未来）
2010.6
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1． 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写
2． 出现这种现象的原因是……
3． 为改变这种状况，我认为……
Quite a few students now do not pay sufficient attention to spelling in English study. It is hard to understand their writing that is filled with spelling errors.
Many reasons contribute to this problem. First of all, many students don’t care about spelling. Some say they are going to have a secretary when they get a job, and she or he will correct their spelling. Second, most word processors and email programs come with a built-in spell checker, which discourages students to spell well. Last but not the least, it seems that teachers are not quite concerned about students’ spelling errors.
From my point of view, both students and teachers should make efforts to change this situation. On the one hand, it is necessary that students change the way they see spelling and avoid relying on computers or other people too much. On the other hand, English teachers should be more concerned about students’ poor spelling.
2001.1
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled How to succeed in a Job Interview. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 面试在求职过程中的作用
2. 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是。。。。。。
How to Succeed in a Job Interview
The importance of a job interview has been one of the focuses discussed by people. It is obvious that interview is a good chance for a job applicant to display his talents. Additionally, excellent performance in an interview can deeply impress the interviewer and then enable the interviewee to win the job finally.
There are many factors deciding the success of a job interview. First of all, the interviewee should dress properly and neatly to leave a good first impression on the interviewer. Secondly, good manners are equally important. One must be punctual and polite. Thirdly, one must clearly demonstrate his ability and professional knowledge in the field. Finally, self confidence and honesty are also valued by the interviewer.
As for me, a full preparation is indispensable before the interview. And then one should show his aptitude and skills confidently and honestly during the interview. In brief, only when you succeed in the job interview, could you get the job you want.
四、现象解释型
现象解释型作文通常要求考生从试题的提示性文字、图表或图画入手，描述其反映的现象，并对该现象进行解释说明，分析其原因并加以评论。
其基本结构是：
1． 首先描述现象并说明其现状
2． 然后分析这种现象的原因或相关因素
3． 最后提出建议或总结观点
2002.6
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below:
Average number of hours a student spends on computer per week
1） 上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化
2） 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）
3） 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题
Student Use of Computers
①From the above chart/graph/table/picture, we can see that 总 述现象 。 ② 图表中数据一。 In contrast, ③
图表中数据二。
④There are many factors accounting for it. ⑤Firstly,_____________. ⑥进一步说明原因一。 ⑦Secondly,_________⑧Finally,___________.
⑨As far as I am concerned, 我的态度 。 ⑩理由一。
○11理由二 。 ○12In brief/ To conclude, 总结全文（通常是提出建议）
Sample
From the above chart/ graph/table/picture, we can see that the number of hours a student spends on computers per week has grown rapidly in recent years. From 1990 to 1995, the average hours a student spent on computers in every week were only doubled. However, the number in 2000 is five times as many as that in 1995.
There are many factors accounting for the growth. First of all, computers are widely used in every field of social life. Even some homework must be done through computers. Moreover, as the advances of technology bring down the price of computers, many students can afford a computer. In addition, one can keep up with the current affairs and find all the resources he wants by surfing the Internet.
As far as I am concerned, there are still problems in students’ use of computers. On one hand, some students have not acquired the basic skills of computers. On the other hand, some students who are addicted to computer games waste a lot of their time. Therefore, effective measures must be taken to guarantee students’ reasonable use of computers.
上升： increase, grow, go up
下降： decrease, fall ,go down, decline
波动：fluctuate
2007.12
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled what electives to Choose. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课
2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课
3. 以你自己为例。。。
With the remarkable educational reform and increasing students’ demand, universities strive to offer a variety of elective courses for students to choose from. (Some higher institutes provide the optional course of cross-cultural communication, and some colleges have computer science on the curriculum of elective courses.)
There are numerous reasons for students’ selection of the courses. In the first place, students tend to take personal interest into consideration. Possibly, that is why cross-cultural communication course is so prevailing on campus. Additionally, some students may choose to learn a certain course in order to obtain an extra certificate for their job hunting after graduation. Last but not the least, to make up for their required credits is another universal reason as students select a course at random.
As far as I am concerned, I’m inclined to choose electives based on both the value of the courses and my own interest. I am taking the course of geographic research and discovery in that I have been greatly keen on science since I was a child.
五、应用文
应用文涉及的内容多种多样，但大部分都与日常生活比较贴近。四级写作中的应用文以各类信函为主，具体包括：投诉信、建议信、求职信、感谢信、邀请信等，另外演说辞、倡议书、海报、景点介绍等考生也必须熟悉。
一、 建议信
1. 写信的原因或背景，建议的内容
2. 给出建议的理由
3. 对建议内容进行评价（有何影响），表达期望
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friend’s inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 建议报考的专业及理由
2. 报考该专业的基本条件
3. 应当如何备考
A Letter in Reply to a Friend
December 23, 2003
Dear Tom,
I am delighted to learn that you are going to apply for admission to our university. It is very necessary for me to introduce something about our university since I know it quite well.
In my opinion, you should major in English. On the one hand, English is a very popular major at our university and we have modern teaching methods and prestigious professors. On the other hand, you seem to have a gift for language and you are really good at it.
As to the requirements for applying for the English major, the applicant should be good at listening, speaking, reading and writing. I advise you to do more practice in listening and speaking in addition to do model tests, because there will be an oral test. I am sure you will succeed if you follow my advice.
Please inform me if there is something I can do for you. I am looking forward to meeting you on our campus.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
二、 演说辞
（竞选演说辞）思路：
1． 点明竞选职位
2． 指出自己所具有的优势及能力
3． 提出当选后的目标
2005.1
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 你认为自己具备了什么条件（能力、性格、爱好）可以胜任学生会主席的工作
2. 如果当选，你将为本校同学做些什么
A Campaign Speech
Dear fellow students,
It is a great honor for me to stand here and deliver my speech. To begin with, let me introduce myself. My name is Jack, a junior from the English Department. As some of you may know, I am the monitor of Class Four. I firmly believe that I am qualified for the chairman of the student Union.
I believe my strong points will deeply impress you. Firstly, I have gained a lot of experience and received wide praise from my classmates for my job as a monitor. Secondly, I am warm-heated and always ready to help. Thirdly, I am good at organizing activities and have held a number of English corners and parties.
Looking into the future, I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I succeed in this campaign. On the one hand, I will invite more well-known professors to give lectures and speeches. On the other hand, I will organize more activities to enrich our life and enhance understanding between us.
I wish all of you the best and thank you all for listening. Thank you!
三、 通知
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an announcement to welcome students to join a club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 本社团活动的主要内容
2. 参加本社团活动的好处
3. 如何加入本社团
Welcome to Join in Our Club
Welcome to join in our English club. Many wonderful activities are arranged in our club. In the first place, you can watch one English film every Wednesday for free. In the second place, the English corner is available every Monday and Thursday with several knowledgeable foreign teachers. What’s more, there is also one English debate per month.
The activities in English club are beneficial to your study as well as your life. First of all, these activities can help you improve your English. Furthermore, foreign students and teachers can guide you to enjoy the diverse cultures in the world. In addition, you will have many chances to make friends with those who have common interest with you.
Don’t hesitate, please come and join us. You just need to give us a call, and everything will be arranged for you. Please call 0731-12345678, or visit our website . You will be a member of us in thre