新编大学英语三课后练习答案.doc

Book 3课后练习参考答案：
Unit 1
III. Post-Reading
Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Text
1) Introduction: (Para.1)
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.
2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect: (Para.2&3)
People’s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.
People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence.
People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.
3) Ways of overcoming shyness: (Para.4-15)
i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses.
ii) Set reasonable goals.
iii) Don’t waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame.
iv) Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.
v) Do not make negative comments about yourself.
vi) Accept criticism thoughtfully.
vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences.
viii) Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate.
ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly.
x) Practice being in social situations.
4) Conclusion: (Para.16)
The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.

2. Understanding Specific Information
1) F 2) F 3) T 4) T 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F 9) F 10) T

3. Group Discussion
1) I think the most effective ways of overcoming shyness are the first and seventh ways. Recognizing our personal strengths and weaknesses is useful because if we know ourselves better, we can feel more self-confident. We can be more objective, instead of being blind. The seventh way is to profit from failures and disappointments as learning experiences. If we allow ourselves to get discouraged and sad when we fail, then we will feel more unsure of ourselves. But if we think of a failure as a learning experience, we are adopting a positive attitude. By analyzing objectively why we failed and planning how to set about doing things differently we will be more likely to succeed next time.
2) Modesty is used to describe a reserved appraisal of one’s merits, abilities or success, e.g. she is very modest about her accomplishments. Shyness is used to describe the uncomfortable feeling one has in the company of others. It often implies a lack of self-confidence and a timid, reserved manner. Modesty is a good personality trait while shyness in many cases is undesirable.
3) Yes, it is appropriate and normal to be shy in some circumstances: in the presence of teachers, your boss, your parents’ friends or your prospective in-laws; when you are dating someone, especially the first time; when you are with strangers; when you are in a new environment; when you’re facing a large audience.

Vocabulary

1. Self- is a prefix which means “of, to or by oneself or itself.”
Words with the prefix self- that appear in the text: self-conscious, self-concept, self-assurance, self-worth, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-destructive, self-awareness, self-acceptance, self-rejection, self-confident
1) self-conscious (worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you)
2) self-confidence (belief in one’s own ability, power, judgment, etc.; confidence in oneself)
3) self-esteem (the feeling that you are someone who deserves to be liked, respected, or admired)
4) self-destructive (with thoughts or actions that are counter to one’s own best interests)
5) self-worth (the value you give to your life and achievements)
6) self-concept (one’s conception or general idea of one’s own basic character and nature)
7) self-awareness (realistic knowledge and judgment about oneself)
8) self-assurance/self-confidence (the belief that you are able to deal with people and problems easily)

2. Part A
1) B 2) I 3) L 4) A 5) H 6) D 7) E 8) N 9) J 10) M
11) C 12) F 13) G 14) K
Part B
1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually
7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental 12) isolated
13) self-esteem 14) accented

3. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect 4) viewed/regarded 5) sensitive
6) respond/react 7) eliminated 8) overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment

Translation

1.You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.
2. In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before.
3. When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.
4. Every day he sets some time aside to be with his family and enjoy life.
5. I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.
6. He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations.
7. In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.
8. He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.

Unit 2

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1. 1) Because they were invited to a feast in the sky.
2) He saw the birds were busy preparing.
3) He planned to go to the feast/sky with the birds.
4) They didn’t agree because Tortoise was mischievous/cunning and ungrateful.
5) With a sweet tongue, he convinced the birds that he was a changed man.
6) He made two wings with all the feathers he got from each bird.
7) All of you.
8) Nuts, meat and fish soup, pounded yam, yam soup, palm wine, etc.
9) For whom have you prepared this feast?
10) Because he knew the answer would be “For all of you”, which was his new name. So he could enjoy all the food first.
11) They were very angry.
12) They took back the feathers they had lent him.
13) He asked them to take a message to his wife.
14) Parrot, because he wanted to take advantage of the chance to get revenge.
15) He asked Parrot to tell his wife to bring out all the soft things in his house to cover the ground with them so that he would be able to land safely. But Parrot told his wife to bring out all the hard and sharp, not the soft, things instead.
16) His shell was broken into hundreds of pieces.

2. Ekwefi is telling a story about Tortoise. Long long ago, there was a famine, and the birds got an invitation from the sky to attend a feast there. Tortoise learned about it and with his sweet tongue he persuaded the birds to take him with them and so each bird lent him a feather. Tortoise cunningly thought of an idea that enabled him to have all the food by naming himself “All of you.” When they reached the sky, they received a warm welcome and soon the food was presented to them. Then he asked one of the people in the sky: “For whom have you prepared all this feast?” The man replied: “For all of you.” So he ate almost all the best food. The birds became very angry and took back their feathers before flying home. Without feathers, he had to jump onto the ground and his shell was broken into pieces.

3. Acting out the Story
Sample
Bird A: How exciting! All of us are invited to the feast in the sky.
Bird B: I just can’t wait. What do you think I should wear?
Tortoise: Hello. Good morning. What are you excited about?
Bird A: Didn’t you know that we are going to the sky?
Bird B: And we are going to have a big dinner. What fun!
Tortoise: How nice it is. What lucky guys. May I go with you? I’m sure we’ll have a lot of fun.
Bird A: Yes, we’ll have great fun, but not you. We know you too well. You are full of cunning and you are ungrateful.
Bird B: If we allow you to come with us, you will soon begin your mischief.
Bird A: We know you of old.
Tortoise: You don’t know me now. I’m a changed man. I am not the mischievous man you once knew. In fact, I am thoughtful and well-meaning. I have learned that a man who makes trouble for others is also making trouble for himself. Rest assured, I promise you I will not cause you any trouble.
Bird A: (Talking to Bird B) Maybe he is a changed man now. Let’s talk to our bird friends and see if we will take him with us.
(After a brief discussion with all the other birds)
Bird B: Ok. Tortoise, now we all agreed to take you to the sky. Each of us will lend you a feather so that you can have two wings to fly.
(During the flight to the party)
Bird A: Tortoise is a great orator!
Bird B: Let’s make him the spokesperson for the party.
Tortoise: Did you know that we need a new name when we are invited to a great feast like this? It is an age-old custom and our hosts in the sky will expect us to honor it.
Bird A: We haven’t heard of this before. But as you are such a learned man, if you say this, we will choose a new name for ourselves. I will call myself Good-Looking.
Bird B: I am Smart-Ass.
Tortoise: And my new name is All of You.
(On their arrival at the sky)
Sky people: Welcome to the sky, our dear bird friends. We are so pleased to see you again. Please make yourselves at home.
Tortoise: My dear respected friends, thank you so much for inviting us to the sky. Nothing can make us happier than this. It is our greatest honor to be here and have a good time with you.
Sky people: Thank you for your nice words. Now please help yourselves to the nuts.
Bird A: Tortoise is really eloquent, isn’t he? I’m glad we decided to bring him with us.
Bird B: Yes. And these are delicious nuts.
Sky people: Now the dinner is ready. Please enjoy the soup, meat, fish and pounded yam. Here is palm wine, too.
Tortoise: Just a moment. Let me ask you first. For whom have you prepared this feast?
Sky people: For whom? Why? For all of you, of course.
Tortoise (To the birds): You remember that my name is All of You. The custom here is to serve the spokesman first and the others later. They will serve you when I finish.
Sky people (To themselves): Looks like it is their custom to leave all the food to their king first.
Tortoise: Mm. Yummy. Mm. I’m full now. You can start to eat.
Bird A: We should never bring him here. I am too angry to eat. I’m going home.
Bird B: Wait. I am leaving, too. Take the feather with us.
Tortoise: What are you doing? Leave me the feather. Oh, how am I going home without a single feather? You can’t do this to me?
Birds: Bye.
Tortoise: Could someone take a message for my wife? Tell her to bring out everything soft and cover the ground. …

4. Taking Sides
Samples
1) -- I don’t admire Tortoise’s cleverness. He was unwise to cheat all the birds. After his mischief, how could he have face to live together with them any longer? He would have no friends at all. He was clever, but at the same time he was also stupid. When all the birds became so angry, how could he have trusted Parrot? He should have jumped into the sea to avoid being hurt.
-- I admire Tortoise’s cleverness. He was a guy who knew where to look for a nice dinner during a time of famine. He knew very well how to get trust from others. He was also quick-minded. His only mistake was that he should not be so greedy as not to leave any nice food for the birds.
--I sympathize with the birds. They took Tortoise with them to the sky out of kindness, but after flying such a long distance, they had to fly back home on an empty stomach. They were formally invited, but the food was enjoyed by Tortoise, who hadn’t been formally invited. I think the birds were very unlucky.
-- I think the birds are stupid. They knew very well that Tortoise couldn’t be trusted as he was always mischievous. But they persuaded themselves that he was a changed man. At the party they should have let the sky people know Tortoise was not their king and they had the right to have some of the nice food, as they were the guests.
2) I learned from the story that a) we should be honest, and shouldn’t cheat others. If we cheat others, we will be punished in the end; b) we shouldn’t be carried away by sweet words, like the birds; c) a leopard can’t change its spots, nor can Tortoise. He was cunning, he could never change his personality and behave himself.

Vocabulary

1. 1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting
2) A. prepare B. prepared C. preparation D. preparatory/preparation
3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered
4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approving E. disapprove
5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently
6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/faithless C. faith D. faithfully
7) A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion
8) A. delivery B. delivering C. delivered
9) A. troublesome/trouble B. troubled C. troubled D. troubling
10) A. assurance B. assured C. assure

2. 1) ran/got into trouble 2) no trouble 3) asking for trouble
4) have…trouble 5) trouble with 6) in serious/deep/big trouble
7) get/getting…into trouble 8) took the trouble
3.
1) with a pattern of roses
2) prepared a wonderful/good meal for us
3) promised faithfully
4) deliver this letter
5) a selection of milk and plain chocolate
6) keep out of mischief/behave themselves
7) the sound of distant thunder
8) received approval from the government
9) in spite of the fact that he drank too much
10) agree whether the drug is safe or not

Unit 3
IV. Post- Reading
Reading Comprehension
1. What the Text Discusses
1) financial 2) career 3) later 4) guilty 5) hurt 6) resentful
7) productive 8) independence 9) responsibility 10) trusted
11) frightening 12) resentment 13) abandoned 14) factors 15) quality
2. Understanding Specific Information
1) T 2) F 3) T 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) F 8) F 9) F 10) F

3. Comparing Experiences
Sample 1
In our group, two of us were latchkey children, two were taken care of by their grandparents, and one was taken care of by his mother because his mother did not work. The two who were once latchkey children had felt very much the same as the children mentioned in the passage. They felt lonely and watched TV a lot. But compared with the other students in our group, they are more independent. So in a way, it is good to leave children alone for some time every day.
Sample 2
In our group, only one person was once a latchkey child. Both her parents were working far away from home and she had to be on her own for most of the time on weekdays. The rest of us were taken care of either by our grandparents or by our parents. Every day when we came home after school, there was always somebody there waiting for us and taking care of us. We could also go out and play with other children after we finished our homework. But sometimes we did wish we were alone so that we could spend the time as we wished.

Vocabulary

1. 1) c 2) h 3) g 4) a 5) e 6) k 7) i 8) d 9) l 10) b 11) j 12) f
2. 1) constantly 2) impact 3) burden 4) Candidly 5) fulfillment 6) salaried 7) resentment 8) assistance 9) perfect 10) suppress
3. 1) successfully 2) resentment 3) security 4) necessity 5) advisable
6) access