GRE阅读真题大全.doc

Table of Content D
使用说明 1
GRE阅读(No. 2—No. 9) 2
No. 2-1 2
SECTION A 2
SECTION B 5
No. 2-2 9
SECTION A 9
SECTION B 12
No. 2-3 16
SECTION A 16
SECTION B 20
No. 3-1 23
SECTION A 23
SECTION B 27
No. 3-2 30
SECTION A 30
SECTION B 34
No. 3-3 38
SECTION A 38
SECTION B 41
No. 4-1 45
SECTION A 45
SECTION B 49
No. 4-2 52
SECTION A 53
SECTION B 56
No. 4-3 60
SECTION A 60
SECTION B 64
No. 5-1 68
SECTION A 68
SECTION B 71
No. 5-2 75
SECTION A 75
SECTION B 78
No. 5-3 82
SECTION A 82
SECTION B 86
No. 6-1 89
SECTION A 89
SECTION B 93
No. 6-2 97
SECTION A 97
SECTION B 101
No. 6-3 105
SECTION A 105
SECTION B 108
No. 7-1 112
SECTION A 112
SECTION B 116
No. 7-2 120
SECTION A 120
SECTION B 123
No. 7-3 127
SECTION A 127
SECTION B 131
No. 8-1 135
SECTION A 135
SECTION B 139
No. 8-2 143
SECTION A 143
SECTION B 147
No. 8-3 150
SECTION A 150
SECTION B 154
No. 9-1 157
SECTION A 157
SECTION B 161
No. 9-2 165
SECTION A 165
SECTION B 169
No. 9-3 172
SECTION A 172
SECTION B 176
No. 9-4 180
SECTION A 180
SECTION B 184
No. 9-5 187
SECTION A 187
SECTION B 191
No. 9-6 195
SECTION A 195
SECTION B 199
GRE国内题全部阅读 202
1990年04月 202
SECTION A 202
SECTION B 206
1990年10月 210
SECTION A 210
SECTION B 214
1991年02月 218
SECTION A 218
SECTION B 222
1991年04月 226
SECTION A 226
SECTION B 230
1991年10月 234
SECTION A 234
SECTION B 237
1992年02月 241
SECTION A 241
SECTION B 245
1992年04月 249
SECTION A 249
SECTION B 253
1992年10月 256
SECTION A 256
SECTION B 260
1993年02月 264
SECTION A 264
SECTION B 267
1993年04月 271
SECTION A 271
SECTION B 274
SECTION C 278
1993年10月 282
SECTION A 282
SECTION B 286
1994年02月 289
SECTION A 290
SECTION B 293
1994年04月 296
SECTION A 296
SECTION B 300
1994年10月 304
SECTION A 304
SECTION B 308
1995年04月 312
SECTION A 312
SECTION B 317
1995年10月 321
SECTION A 321
SECTION B 325
1996年04月北美 328
SECTION A 328
SECTION B 332
1996年04月 336
SECTION A 336
SECTION B 340
1996年10月 344
SECTION A 344
SECTION B 348
1997年04月 351
SECTION A 351
SECTION B 355
1997年11月 359
SECTION A 359
SECTION B 363
1998年04月 366
SECTION A 366
SECTION B 370
1998年11月 374
SECTION A 374
SECTION B 378
1999年04月 382
SECTION A 382
SECTION B 386

by Gemj
GMAT 1
使用说明
1、各题答案均隐藏在(D)选项后（放在这里主要是避免下一题答案也被显示从而影响做题）,另外文件最后有全部答案（感谢PUMPKIN的辛勤劳动！），显示的方法是鼠标左键单击“常用”工具栏“显示/隐藏编辑标记”按钮（只有WORD才有此按钮，写字板没有）。再次单击又被隐藏。见下图：

2、做题时请切换至“普通”视图，因为显示答案时页面变化小；在“页面”视图下，可以欣赏到以当今世界一流技术精心打造的一流风姿！
3、本文件包括所有的GMAT阅读、GRE全部No题和99年之前全部国内题的阅读以及（28＋1）套LSAT阅读，共计2772题，是无比宝贵的学习材料（也是馈赠亲友的最珍贵礼物，并值得永久收藏）。它不仅仅能够提高阅读能力，也是扩大词汇、研究语法的宝贵材料。GRE的难度突出表现在语言文字的艰深和意思的晦涩，而LSAT题对逻辑思维的要求很高，GMAT文字上的难度不如GRE，逻辑上次于LSAT（个人观点）。
4、文档中绿色单词或词组的后面有释义，看注释请按上述第1点操作。少数难题加注了我个人的看法（一律被隐藏），未必正确，仅供参考。
5、一部分文档题目中的行号添加了超链接，按住Ctrl的同时用鼠标左键单击有超链接标志的行号即可到达相应内容。但因为我时间紧，没有做完（对于没有超链接的题目，做题时可以用“查找”命令搜索。无论如何，比纸面的用起来肯定方便。在电脑上做题吧，如果你的WORD用的比较熟练，再在你的电脑上装几本电子词典，你会感到效率倍增，妙趣无穷！）；另外，由于WORD软件本身的缺陷，格式上可能未必有“GMAT&LSAT CR”与“GMAT SC 885”那么完美统一。这些都有待于将来修正与完善。

GRE 392
GRE阅读(No. 2—No. 9)
No. 2-1
SECTION A
Extended debate concerning the exact point of origin of individual folktales told by Afro-American slaves has unfortunately taken precedence over analysis of the tales’ meaning and function. Cultural continuities with Africa were not dependent on importation and perpetuation of specific folktales in their pristine form. It is in the place that tales occupied in the lives of the slaves and in the meaning slaves derived from them that the clearest resemblances to African tradition can be found. Afro-American slaves did not borrow tales indiscriminately from the Whites among whom they lived. Black people were most influenced by those Euro-American tales whose functional meaning and aesthetic appeal had the greatest similarity to the tales with deep roots in their ancestral homeland. Regardless of where slave tales came from, the essential point is that, with respect to language, delivery, details of characterization, and plot, slaves quickly made them their own.
17. The author claims that most studies of folktales told by Afro-American slaves are inadequate because the studies
(A) fail to recognize any possible Euro-American influence on the folktales
(B) do not pay enough attention to the features of a folktale that best reveal an African influence
(C) overestimate the number of folktales brought from Africa by the slaves
(D) do not consider the fact that a folktale can be changed as it is retold many times（B）
(E) oversimplify the diverse and complex traditions of the slaves ancestral homeland
18. The author’s main purpose is to
(A) create a new field of study
(B) discredit an existing field of study
(C) change the focus of a field of study
(D) transplant scholarly techniques from one field of study to another（C）
(E) restrict the scope of a burgeoning new field of study
19. The passage suggests that the author would regard which of the following areas of inquiry as most likely to reveal the slaves’ cultural continuities with Africa?
(A) The means by which Blacks disseminated their folktales in nineteenth-century America
(B) Specific regional differences in the styles of delivery used by the slaves in telling folktales
(C) The functional meaning of Black folktales in the lives of White children raised by slave
(D) The specific way the slaves used folktales to impart moral teaching to their children（D）
(E) The complexities of plot that appear most frequently in the slaves’ tales
20. Which of the following techniques is used by the author in developing the argument in the passage?
(A) Giving a cliché a new meaning
(B) Pointedly refusing to define key terms
(C) Alternately presenting generalities and concrete details
(D) Concluding the passage with a restatement of the first point made in the passage（E）
(E) Juxtaposing statements of what is not the case and statements of what is the case
The energy contained in rock within the earth’s crust represents a nearly unlimited energy source, but until recently commercial retrieval has been limited to underground hot water and/or steam recovery systems. These systems have been developed in areas of recent volcanic activity, where high rates of heat flow cause visible eruption of water in the form of (in the form of: 以...的形式) geysers and hot springs. In other areas, however, hot rock also exists near the surface but there is insufficient water present to produce eruptive phenomena. Thus a potential hot dry rock (HDR) reservoir exists whenever the amount of spontaneously produced geothermal fluid has been judged inadequate for existing commercial systems.
As a result of recent energy crisis, new concepts for creating HDR recovery systems—which involve drilling holes and connecting them to artificial reservoirs placed deep within the crust—are being developed. In all attempts to retrieve energy from HDR’s, artificial stimulation will be required to create either sufficient permeability or bounded flow paths to facilitate the removal of heat by circulation of a fluid over the surface of the rock.
The HDR resource base is generally defined to included crustal rock that is hotter than 150℃, is at depths less than ten kilometers, and can be drilled with presently available equipment. Although wells deeper than ten kilometers are technically feasible, prevailing economic factors will obviously determine the commercial feasibility of wells at such depths. Rock temperatures as low as 100℃ may be useful for space heating (heating of spaces especially for human comfort by any means (as fuel, electricity, or solar radiation) with the heater either within the space or external to it); however, for producing electricity, temperatures greater than 200℃ are desirable.
The geothermal gradient, which specifically determines the depth of drilling required to reach a desired temperature, is a major factor in the recoverability of geothermal resources. Temperature gradient maps generated from oil and gas well temperature-depth records kept by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists suggest that tappable high-temperature gradients are distributed all across the United States. (There are many areas, however, for which no temperature gradient records exist.)
Indications are that the HDR resource base is very large. If an average geothermal temperature gradient of 22℃ per kilometer of depth is used, a staggering 13,000,000 quadrillion B.T.U.’s of total energy are calculated to be contained in crustal rock to a ten-kilometer depth in the United States. If we conservatively estimate that only about 0.2 percent is recoverable, we find a total of all the coal remaining in the United States. The remaining problem is to balance the economics of deeper, hotter, more costly wells and shallower, cooler, less expensive wells against the value of the final product, electricity and/or heat.
21. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) alert readers to the existence of HDR’s as an available energy source
(B) document the challengers that have been surmounted in the effort to recover energy from HDR’s
(C) warn the users of coal and oil that HDR’s are not an economically feasible alternative
(D) encourage the use of new techniques for the recovery of energy from underground hot water and steam（A）
(E) urge consumers to demand quicker development of HDR resources for the production of energy
22. The passage would be most likely to appear in a
(A) petrological research report focused on the history of temperature-depth records in the United States
(B) congressional report urging the conservation of oil and natural gas reserves in the United States
(C) technical journal article concerned with the recoverability of newly identified energy sources
(D) consumer report describing the extent and accessibility of remaining coal resources（C）
(E) pamphlet designed to introduce homeowners to the advantages of HDR space-heating systems
23. According the passage, an average geothermal gradient of 22℃ per kilometer of depth can be used to
(A) balance the economics of HDR energy retrieval against that of underground hot water or steam recovery systems
(B) determine the amount of energy that will used for space heating in the United States
(C) provide comparisons between hot water and HDR energy sources in United States
(D) revise the estimates on the extent of remaining coal resources in the United States（E）
(E) estimate the total HDR resource base in the United States
24. It can be inferred from the passage that the availability of temperature-depth records for any specific area in the United States depends primarily on the
(A) possibility that HDR’s may be found in that area
(B) existence of previous attempts to obtain oil or gas in that area
(C) history of successful hot water or steam recovery efforts in that area
(D) failure of inhabitants to conserve oil gas reserves in that area（B）
(E) use of coal as a substitute for oil or gas in that area
25. According to the passage, in all HDR recovery systems fluid will be necessary in order to allow
(A) sufficient permeability
(B) artificial stimulation
(C) drilling of holes
(D) construction of reservoirs（E）
(E) transfer of heat
26. According to the passage, if the average geothermal gradient in an area is 22℃ per kilometer of depth, which of the following can be reliably predicted?
I. The temperature at the base of a 10-kilometer well will be sufficient for the production of electricity.
II. Drilling of wells deeper than 10 kilometers will be economically feasible.
III. Insufficient water is present to produce eruptive phenomena.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only（A）
(E) I, II, and III
27. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
(A) Energy from Water Sources: The Feasibility of Commercial Systems
(B) Geothermal Energy Retrieval: Volcanic Activity and Hot Dry Rocks
(C) Energy Underground: Geothermal Sources Give Way to Fossil Fuels
(D) Tappable Energy for America’s Future: Hot Dry Rocks（D）
(E) High Geothermal Gradients in the United States: Myth or Reality?
SECTION B
Four legal approaches may be followed in attempting to channel technological development in socially useful direction: specific directives, market incentive modifications, criminal prohibitions, and changes in decision-making structures. Specific directives involve the government’s identifying one or more factors controlling research, development, or implementation of a given technology. Directives affecting such factors may vary from administrative regulation of private activity to government ownership of a technological operation. Market incentive modifications are deliberate alterations of the market within which private decisions regarding the development and implementation of technology are made. Such modifications may consist of imposing taxes to cover the costs to society of a given technology, granting subsidies to pay for social benefits of a technology, creating the right to sue to prevent certain technological development, or easing procedural rules to enable the recovery of damages to compensate for harm caused by destructive technological activity. Criminal prohibitions may modify technological activity in areas impinging on fundamental social values, or they may modify human behavior likely to result from technological applications—for example, the deactivation of automotive pollution control devices in order to improve vehicle performance. Alteration of decision-making structures includes all possible modifications in the authority, constitution, or responsibility of private and public entities deciding questions of technological development and implementation. Such alterations include the addition of public-interest members to corporate boards, the imposition by statute of duties on governmental decision-makers, and the extension of warranties in response to consumer action.
Effective use of these methods to control technology depends on whether or not the goal of regulation is the optimal allocation of resources. When the object is optimal resource allocation, that combination of legal methods should be used that most nearly yields the allocation that would exist if there were no external costs resulting from allocating resources through market activity. There are external costs when the price set by buyers and sellers of goods fails to include some costs, to anyone, that result from the production and use of the goods. Such costs are internalized when buyers pay them.
Air pollution from motor vehicles imposes external costs on all those exposed to it, in the form of soiling, materials damage, and disease: these externalities result from failure to place a price on air, thus making it a free good, common to all. Such externalities lead to nonoptimal resource allocation, because the private net product and the social net product of market activ