readdata.jsp(1).doc

Text A Learning, Chinese-Style
1. attach: fasten or join (one thing to another) (used in the pattern: attach sth. to sth.)
Examples: Scientists discovered they could measure wind speed by attaching a wind meter to a kite and sending it up.
Attached to this letter you will find a copy of the document you asked for.
四级大纲中动词后跟to 的类似词组还有：

adapt…to使适应于
add…to加到……上
adjust…to(使) 适应于
admit to承认
agree to同意(某一建议、安排等)
amount to总计达, 相当于, 等于
apologize to向(某人)道歉
appeal to向……呼吁; 诉诸于; 对……有吸引力
apply to向(某人)申请
attend to处理, 料理; 照顾, 照料
belong to属于
challenge…to向……挑战, 要求(比赛、决斗等)
communicate…to向……传达
compare…to把……比作
confess to承认, 忏悔
confine…to把……限制在
consent to同意, 答应
contribute to捐献, 捐赠; 有助于
correspond to 相当于; 相符, 符合
devote…to为……而奉献
entitle…to给……权利(或资格)
lead to(路等)通向; 导致
limit…to把……限制到
object to反对
occur to被想到, 出现在脑海中
owe…to把……归功于
prefer…to喜欢……胜过……
propose to向……求婚
react to对……作出反应
refer to提到, 涉及; 查阅, 参考
relate to有关, 涉及
reply to对……作出回答
resort to诉诸, 求助于
respond to回答, 响应
see to处理
stick to坚持; 忠于, 信守
subject to使遭受, 使服从
submit to服从, 听从
surrender to投降, 屈服
turn to找(某人寻求帮助等)
yield to投降, 让步

2. not in the least: not at all
Examples; I am not in the least touched by the Marilyn Monroe kind of beauty.
Ann didn't seem in the least concerned about her study.
3. find one's way: reach a destination naturally; arrive at
Examples: Shanghai is not an easy city to find your way around.
Drunk as he was, Peter still found his way home.
Similar phrases:
struggle one’s way; elbow one’s way; make one’s way; push one’s way, etc.
4. phenomenon: (pl. phenomena) sth. that happens or exists and that can be seen or experienced
Examples: Hurricanes are a relatively common phenomenon in the Caribbean.
Stress-related illness is a common phenomenon in big cities.
Thunder and lightening are natural phenomena.
5. Initial: of or at the beginning, first (adj., used only before n.)
Examples: If a car suddenly pulls out in front of you, your initial reaction may include fear and anger.
Their initial burst of enthusiasm died down when they realized how much work the job involved.
6. assist: help (used in the pattern: assist sb. to do sth., assist sb. with sth.)
Examples: The professor was assisting his students to prepare their project.
The college student decided to assist the boy with his study.
Word choice: help, assist, give/lend a hand, help out, come to sb’s aid/assistance, aid, give/send aid
Help and assist can both describe people or institutions helping each other do a job. However, assist is more formal and often suggests that the person assisting is doing a simple or unimportant part of what has to be done, e.g.
My company assists businesses in all their office cleaning requirements.
You will assist the administrative officer with day-to-day organization.
In more informal English people often use give/ lend a hand or help out, especially where there is something practical to do and not enough people to do it:
Can you give me a hand with the drinks?
I sometimes lend a hand / help out at eh old folk’s home.
If someone is in danger or trouble, you may help them or more formally come to their aid/ assistance:
My car’s broken down, can you help?
If you get into difficulties, the lifeguard will come to your assistance.
If a person, charity, or government helps with money or other necessary things, aid (formal) or often give/ send aid may be used; help would be used informally:
Many projects are aided by Oxfam.
Aid will be sent to the area as soon as possible.
Please help the homeless.
7. insert: put, fit, place (in, into, between)
Examples: Wait for a couple of minutes with your mouth closed before inserting the thermometer.
The doctor carefully inserted the needle into my left arm.
8. somewhat: to some degree, a little Examples:
It is reported that conditions in the village have improved somewhat since November.
____ "Are you concerned about your exam results?"
____ "Somewhat."
9. await: (fml) wait for
Await is a fairly common word in formal writing, but you do not usually use it in conversation. Instead you use "wait for." Examples:
We must await the results of field studies yet to come.
After I sent the letter asking for a job, I had nothing to do but await the answer.
10. on occasion: now and then
Examples'. I was usually the only foreign participant, although on occasion I brought other Americans in as guests.
Steve spent almost all his time doing his research, but, on occasion, he would take his son to see a film.
11. neglect: give too little attention or care to
Examples: He gave too much attention to his career, working long hours and neglecting his wife.
Their investment turned out to be a failure and the manager was accused of neglecting his duties.
Cf.: ignore: pay no attention to sb./sth. on purpose, or as if sth. has not happened
Example: I said "Good morning" to her, but she just ignored me and walked on.
12. relevant: directly connected with the subject (followed by to , opposite irrelevant) Examples:
Only a few people feel the debate about the cloning of human beings is relevant to their daily lives.
While writing my term paper I was able to borrow all the relevant books from the school library.
13. investigate: try to find out information about (used in the pattern: investigate sth., investigate + wh-clause) Examples:
Police are still investigating how the car accident happened.
We can assure you that your complaint will be fully and properly investigated.
14. exception: sb./sth. that a comment or statement does not apply to Examples:
Normally, parents aren't allowed to sit in on the classes, but in your case we can make an exception.
We feel that all the students in this class, with one or two exceptions, support the educational reforms.
Without exception all our youngsters wanted to leave school and start work.
When you are mentioning an exception, you often use the expression "with the exception of”.
Example: We all went to see the film, with the exception of Otto, who complained of feeling unwell.
15. on one's own: 1) without anyone's help
Examples; You needn't give me any help. I am able to manage on my own.
There are jobs your child can do on her own.
2) alone
Examples: The child was left on her own for hours as her mom had to deal with the emergency.
I'd rather not go to dance on my own. I do wish you'd come with me.
四级大纲中以on 开始的类似词组还有:

on a large (small) scale大（小）规模地
on account of由于， 因为
on an/ the average平均，通常
on behalf of代表，为了
on board在船（车、飞机）上
on business因公，因事
on condition that如果
on duty当班，值班
on earth究竟，到底
on fire起火，着火
on foot步行
on guard站岗，值班
on hand在场，在手边
on one’s guard警惕，提防
on purpose故意，有意
on sale出售；廉价出售
on schedule按时间表，准时
on second thoughts经重新考虑，继而想
on the contrary正相反
on the grounds of根据，以……为理由
on the point of即将……的时候
on the road在旅途中，在……过程中
on the side作为兼职，作为副业，正事以外
on the spot在场，到场；马上，当场
on the whole总的来说，大体上
on time准时

16. accomplish: manage to do (sth.)
Examples: Unless you practice you'll accomplish nothing.
Considering their capacity, the possibility of accomplishing the task is not high.
If I work hard, I think I can accomplish my goal of getting 6 A's at the end of the semester.
17. in due course: at the proper time; eventually
Examples'. Your book will be published in due course.
Be patient. You'll get your promotion in due course.
18. critical: 1) very important
Examples; Environmentalists say a critical factor in the city's pollution is its population.
How well you accomplish this task will be critical to the success of your career.
2) very serious or dangerous
Examples: In yesterday's car accident, ten people were killed and five people are still in a critical condition.
As the situation in Afghanistan became critical, the UN Secretary-General appointed a special representative to tackle it.
19. principal: adj. (rather fml) main, chief
Examples; The couple's principal concern is to earn enough money to send their children to school.
Her principal interest in life was to be a world-renowned pianist.
n. The principal of a school or college is the person in charge of it.
Example: Complaints from the students began arriving at the principal's office.
Cf.: principle (see Confusable Words p.16 )
A principle is a basic rule that explains or controls how something works or a guiding rule for behaviour.
Examples: These machines work on the same principle.
Mr. Ward is a man of high principles.
20. make up for: repay with sth. good, compensate for
Examples'- I didn't travel much when I was younger, but I'm certainly making up for lost time now.
Her husband bought her a present to make up for quarreling with her the day before.
21. in retrospect: on evaluating the past; upon reflection
Examples: The young man knew in retrospect that he should have married his first love Emily.
In retrospect, I wish that I had chosen biology as my major.
四级大纲中以in 开始的类似词组还有:

in a sense从某种程度上，从某点上看
in any case/ event无论如何，不管怎样
in brief简单地说
in common共同的，共有的
in consequence因此，结果
in debt 欠债，欠情
in detail详细地
in difficulty处境困难
in effect实际上，事实上
in favor of支持，赞成
in general一般来说，大体上
in hand在进行中，待办理
in honor of为庆祝，为纪念
in itself本质上，就其本身而言
in line成一条直线， 成一排
in line with与……一致；与……符合
in memory of纪念
in no case无论如何不， 决不
in no time立即，马上
in no way 决不
in order按顺序，按次序；整齐
in part部分地
in particular特别，尤其
in person亲自，本人
in place在合适的位置
in place of代替，取代，交换
in practice在实践中，实际上
in proportion to与……成比例
in public公开地，当众
in quantity大量
in question正在谈论的
in regard to关于，至于
in relation to有关，与……相比
in return作为报答
in sight看得见，被见到；在望，在即
in step齐步，合拍；一致，协调
in tears流着泪，在哭着
in the course of在……期间, 在……过程中
in the event of如果……发生, 万一
in the face of 不顾, 即使; 在……前面
in the least丝毫, 一点儿
in (the) light of鉴于,由于
in the way挡道, 妨碍人的
in the world究竟, 到底
in touch 联系, 接触
in vain陡然, 白费力

22. extreme: very great
Example: The girls were afraid of snakes and walked along the mountain trail with extreme caution.
n. the furthest possible limit, an extreme degree
Example: I know I always say that you eat too much, but there is no need to go to the other extreme.
(phrase: go to extremes: do sth. so much, state sth. so strongly, that people consider your actions unacceptable and unreasonable
Examples: John went to such extremes to get his promotion that everyone at the office hates him now.
The film is not very good, but some critics have gone to extremes, saying it is the worst of the decade. )

23. performance: 1) the standard achieved by a person or group of people in carrying out a particular job or activity
Examples: The athlete was awarded $10,000 for his good performance in the Olympics.
After several bad performances, the soccer team found their form again.
2) sth. performed in front of an audience, e.g. a play, a dance or other entertainment
Examples; Stevie Wonder fought back from the shadow of death and went on to give more performances.
His performance in the new production of Hamlet received much praise.
24. so much so that: to such an extent
Examples; Americans treat their children as separate individuals, so much so that someone who remains dependent on their parents longer than the norm may be thought to be "immature."
Some parents spoil their children, so much so that they never ask them to do an studying.
25. Continual: happening again and again, repeated
Examples: The construction of the airport continued despite continual complaints from local residents.
The dog's continual barking disturbed the whole neighborhood.
Word choice: continual(ly), continuous(ly)
Continual describes separate actions (often annoying actions you do not like) which are repeated over a period of time, e.g. :
These continual interruptions are driving me mad.
She’s continually flying off to different places.
Continuous especially describes things and events that go on without a break, e. g. :
The police formed a continuous line round the building.
This product is the result of years of continuous development.
We landed after flying continuously for 16 hours.
26. apply: 1) be relevant (to sb./sth.); have an effect (used in the pattern: apply to sb./sth.)
Examples: The new pension arrangements won't apply to people born before 1960.
The advice given by the professor only applies to some of the college students.
2) write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth. (used in the pattern: apply for sth., apply to do sth.)
Examples: How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one?
We went to the sports club so often that we decided that we might as well apply to join.
27. work on/at: try hard to achieve or improve (sth.)
Examples: Sophia needs to work at/on her typing speed.
John came back ahead of time to continue working on his thesis.
28. priority: 1) sth. that one must do before anything else
Examples: Being a qualified teacher is her first priority.
Earning enough money to maintain his family is a high priority.
2) sth. that holds a high place among competing claims
Examples: The school will give priority to English and computer studies.
The proposals deserve support as they give priority to the needs of children.
29. evolve: (cause to) develop gradually (followed by into/from)
Examples; The story evolves into a violent tragedy.
Popular music evolved from folk songs.
As knowledge of genetic engineering evolves, beliefs change.
If you want to be a poet, you must evolve your own style of writing.
30. summarize: make a short account of the main points of (sth.)
Examples: Basically, the article can be summarized in three sentences.
The workers' demands can be summarized as follows: shorter hours and more pay.
31. contrast: compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear (used in the pattern: contrast A and/with B)
Examples; Carrie contrasted the situation then with the present crisis.
Students were asked to contrast Ernest Hemingway with Mark Twain.
n. action of contrasting
Examples: I was always reading when I was a kid, but my daughter, in contrast, just watches TV all day.
In contrast to the hot days, the nights are bitterly cold.
32. on the one hand ... on the other hand: to introduce two contrasting circumstances
Examples: On the one hand her temper was likely to cause trouble, but on the other hand we needed her expertise.
On the one hand, we have good reason to feel pleased with our progress. On the other hand, we mustn't get complacent.
33. promote: help to grow or develop
Examples: You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.
Regular exercise will help promote physical and mental health.
34. emerge: come out (followed by from)
Examples: The postman emerged from his van soaked to the skin.
The magician emerged from behind the curtain.
n. emergence (pay attention to the difference between emergence and emergency)
35. pick up: gain, learn
Examp